伏气学说的源流及其理论的文献研究
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malaria,
induced deal of
all included to the category of Fu—Qi induced disease.Then the content of Fu—Qi
past
dynasties.We had the further sorting and elucidation especially
on
medical thesis and record of Fu—Qi sch001 doctors in Qing dynasty。exampled Yu
to
of Qing dynasty from 1710 to 1850,the climate prefer to the this period the limited theory of
warm
insidious—cold transformation
febrile
disorders has been broken gradually.A lot of diseases,spring febrile disease,
The climate became cold in the early A.D.Though the Shang—Ban had been explained broadly,the truth of cold—induced disease in detail and the febrile disorders abridged in the Discussion of Shang—Han
on
population of
the 1iving habit and social In the thesis,we took
a
sorting and summary
the opinions
and clinical in the
as
experience of Fu。。Qi theory explained by the famous doctors of Fu—。Qi school
was
directly correlated with the cold
to
climate.Then
the view of
insidious—cold transformation
febrile disorders
became predominant etiology of the Fu—Qi
proper
dynasty,the climate
was轷a硇comparatively.Thus,in
means
Medicine,the Fu—Qi broadly
varies of diseases,for example,the febrile
disorders,diarrhea,malaria and cough,not 1imited in the cold—induced disease.
Therefore,the systematically sorting and further uncovering ancient and modern literature related with the Fu—Qi theory,we
can
promote the development of this
was
enriched again.At the
to
same
timeБайду номын сангаасthe higher
incidence of Fu—Qi
great
disease also attributed
varies of
factors,for example,8
.6.
伏气学说的源流及其理论的文献研究
immigration to north,density of population increased,alteration culture.
these diseases.which
we can can
explain the etiology and the transmission of
guide the clinical differentiation and treatment.Then
further recognize theses diseases and improve the clinical curative effect.
Influenced by the diet constitution,various kinds of pollutions and drugs abuse
ect,the
clinical
complicated
and
refractory
chronic
diseases
increased and
continuously,most
伏气学说的源流及其理论的文献研究 侵袭并潜伏下来形成伏气的可能性明显增加。 论文还指出,临床与伏气相关的慢性疑难性疾病具有以下特点:一是有时发时止、
反复发作、迁延难愈的特点;二是与人体的免疫机制有密切相关性,多具有慢性感染病
灶或因免疫反应产生的局部病变;三是伏气潜伏处的病灶须具有一定的活动性;四是发 病时虽表现为或发热或不发热,但是一般初起发热即见里热,具有伏气化火和正虚的双 重特点,这与传统医学中的伏气温病类似。 论文明确指出伏气学说和其他辨治体系的区别和优势在于:一是当前临床上慢性疑 难性疾病明显增加,伏气致病的因素日益突出;二是伏气学说特别重视伏气(潜在病灶) 的辨识,对伏气的潜伏和发病有独到的认识角度,符合临床实际:三是因伏气导致的温 热性疾病,辨证上以伏气化火、伏气潜伏处正虚明显为病机要点,治疗原则以清补、清 透、升降气机、药到病所、给邪出路为要点,特别重视正邪的一体性,更适合用伏气学 说进行辨治。 论文还以系统性红斑狼疮、白血病、慢性肝炎、艾滋病等为例,从伏气学说的角度 对临床上具有伏气致病特点的一些时发时止、反复发作、迁延难愈的慢性疑难性疾病进 行了辨治和分析,力求对伏气学说作出更科学的阐释,从理法上提高到一定的高度,开 拓新的思路,以提高临床疗效。
关键词:
伏气伏邪免疫文献研究疑难性疾病
英文摘要(Abstract)
・5-
Abstract
For several
decades
recently,prophylactic
measures
have
improved
that
contagious febrile disease declined,the spectrum of disease changed obviously.
climate
the cold weather.Then the view of disorders
insidious—cold transformation to
one
febrile
became
essential theory spontaneously.More than
hundred years weather.In
theory,
theory and the content variation.We the
proposed that the development of the Fu—Qi theory is related closely with climatic change in
our
history.From the period of spring and autumn to the Xi—Han the Classic of Internal
noun
febrile disorders.Fu—Qi disorders of
exogenous
became
the
that
explained
some
febrile
pathogenic prefer
to
factors.In the long
history in
our
country after
A.D,the
theory,which has the important value for instructing the clinical utilization and improving the scientific research. In the thesis,we first sorted the developing process of the Fu—Qi which indicated the origin of the Fu—Qi
北京中医药大学 博士学位论文 伏气学说的源流及其理论的文献研究 姓名:郝斌 申请学位级别:博士 专业:中医临床基础 指导教师:宋乃光 20070501
中文摘要
中文摘要
近几十年来,防疫措施的改善使传染性热病的威胁得到控制,人类疾病谱发生了明 显改变。在饮食结构、各种污染和药物滥用等因素的影响下,临床慢性疑难性疾病不断 增加,很多疾病表现出时发时止、反复发作、迁延难愈的特点,运用伏气学说解释这些 疾病的发病原因和传变规律,并指导临床辨治,可以加深对这些疾病的认识,提高临床 疗效。因此,深入、系统地整理和发掘古今伏气学说的有关文献,提升其理论,对更好 地指导l临床运用和推动科研发展都具有重要价值。 本论文首先理出伏气学说的发展脉络,揭示了伏气学说的学术渊源和不同历史阶段 的内涵演变,提出伏气学说的演变和我国历史上的气候变化特点密切相关。春秋战国至 西汉为气候温暖时期,因此《黄帝内经》中的伏气是广义的,散见于温病、泄泻、痃疟、 咳嗽等多种疾病,并未局限于伤寒。公元之初我国气候趋于寒冷,《伤寒论》虽论广义 伤寒,却详于寒、略于温的事实和天气寒冷有直接的关系,伏寒化温说也因此占据了伏 气温病发病的主导地位,伏气也成为阐释部分外感热病的专有名词。我国北方在公元后 的长期历史中天气以偏于寒冷居多,伏寒化温说也自然占据了主流。清代1710.1850年 问的100多年为相对温暖时期,狭义的伏寒化温说也在这一时期逐渐被打破,春温、伏 署、晚发、温疟等多种疾病都纳入伏气致病的范畴,伏气的内涵进一步扩大。同时,清 代以后人口大量南移、人口密度增加、生活习惯改变以及社会文化等多方面因素对伏气 发病率的增加也有一定影响。 本课题对历代著名伏气派医家有关伏气方面的理论阐述和运用经验进行了梳理和 归纳,尤其对清代以来,以喻嘉言、柳宝诒、戴天章、张锡纯等为代表的伏气派医家的 医论和医案进行了发掘和阐述,力求发前人所未发。在此基础上提出伏气是潜伏在人体 内的,伺机而发的不正之气,伏气之发,未必皆从火化,但“静则内伏,动则外发”却 是共同的规律,伏气潜伏和发病的关键是动静的变化。例如:属阴、不易动的邪气容易 伏藏,如寒邪、湿邪;属阴、不易动的部位容易藏邪,如肝、肾、髓、脑、膈膜等处。 伏气化火,邪盛气动则发;伏气不化火,正盛气动攻邪亦发。 论文从现代医学的角度对伏气及其潜伏、发病进行了阐释,认为产生伏气的关键是 人体的免疫应答机制。伏气的实质主要是外来邪气(包括气候环境变化、病原微生物、 各种污染等)侵犯人体,诱发人体的免疫应答,导致连锁性的免疫反应,使人体内产生 的某处或多处的免疫物质堆积及其他病理改变,形成了局部潜伏性病灶。伏气产生的同 时,可造成正气的消耗和损害。伏气的潜伏是人体免疫应答造成的局部病灶相对稳定, 不扩大、不发作,相当于气机偏静不动的状态;伏气的发病是因为各种原因造成人体内 正邪力量的对比发生转变,局部的免疫性病灶发生活动,引发连锁性免疫反应,病灶迅 速扩大并扩散,出现各种症状,相当于气机活动甚至伏气化火的状态。 论文指出,目前临床与伏气相关的慢性疑难性疾病明显增加,主要有以下三个原因: 一是天地大环境的变化,气候变暖和异常、各种化工污染骤增、各种电离辐射增加:二 是病原微生物的孳生和传播得到助长;三是人体内环境由于过逸、过食、耗伤、药误等 因素造成正气虚损和内生痰湿瘀毒的积聚。这三个原因的综合影响,使人体受各种邪气