美国文学作业—对美国浪漫主义文学的分析
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The American Literature of Romantic Abstract: This paper aims at elaborating the characteristics of the American literature of romantic. Between the American literature of romantic and the European literature of romantic have derivative, contrary to enlightenment ideas, and emphasis on emotion, imagination and subjectivity. But most of the American literary of romantic works is typical Americanization work. This paper according to the produce of American literature of romantic under the specific social, historical and cultural background explored the American literature of romantic characteristics, reflects the united nation a "real new experience", beliefs, individualism and intuition value, the pursuit of democracy and political equality, emphasize "mission".Key words: the literature of romanticism, the American literature of romanticism, the background of cultureAmerican literature of romantic period refers to from the end of the eighteenth century to the American civil war broke out during this period, its start-stop respectively by Washington Irving "The Sketch Book" and Walt Whitman "Leaves of Grass" for mark. This period of American literature prosperity, also known as "America's Renaissance". If you want to understand the American literature of romantic, it is necessary to review the general characteristics of literary works in the European romantic period at first. Due to the writer resent to reality, they often use more words on describe their own ideal emphatically, and serve as a foil to the gap between the ideal and the reality, so as to criticizing reality. First of all, the romantic writers do not pay attention to create typical environment and typical character. They emphasized on describing personal subjective world and inner feelings, and expressing strong personal feelings. Second, the romantic literary creations mostly focus on the description of nature scenery, to express the author to the nature of the various feelings. In addition, the romanticism pursues the extraordinary circumstancesand exotic color. We can summarize the relationship between the American literature of romantic, and the European literature of romantic. On the one hand, between the American literature of romantic and the European literature of romantic have a lot in common, contrary to enlightenment ideas, and emphasis on emotion, imagination and subjectivity. Because the American literature of romantic and European master in literature, especially English romantic master, have the same cultural heritage, the American literature of romantic must be in a certain extent and they have derivatives. On the other hand, although the American literature of romantic influenced by the European literature of romantic is very big, most of the works of American literature of romantic are typical Americanization work. This is decided by the produce of American literature of romantic under the specific social, historical and cultural background explored the American literature of romantic characteristics.Based on a new starting, there is no heavy history and traditional fetter, this young country—America, quickly developed into a political, economic and cultural independent country. And based on the nation's strong optimism, as well as to their national strong superiority and pride, the American literature of romantic period came to. First of all, the American romantic literature reflects the united nation a "real new experience". West movement becomes an inexhaustible unique style of writing material to this period writer. The vast undeveloped land, Europe and England different natural scenery, and the original Indians singular civilization - this all constitute this period American writer's creation source. In the Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s The Song of Hiawatha, there are a lot of about the border and Indian description. Washington Irving’s works talk a lot about the description of the Hudson River valley scenery. William Cullen Bryant writes about the western desert savage prairie description. And in the “Leather - Stocking Tales”,James Fennimore Cooper’s description for the United States the vastness of forest and blue vast inland lakes aura. All of this is a record and representation about the period of history, the experience which strikes up wave in the writer’s hearts.And the American literature of romantic focuses on the dash of show the united as a nation of "new". They believe in individualism and intuition value, the pursuit ofdemocracy and political equality, abide by this new continent built a new the "garden of Eden" the American dream, emphasize on their shoulders "mission". Individualism is concerned, due to the different individual existence and out of respect for the individual within and beliefs, in the typical American romantic works, the different author’s understanding of the human nature shows the significant individual characteristics. For the Transcendentalist Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thor eau speaking, people essentially is sacred, they stressed the perception of the universe to master absolute truth, and make the divine realm. For the Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville speaking, every man has the evil side, it may never lurk, but sometimes environment will put the evil side from one's inner stir up. Based on for individualism beliefs, the American romantic another’s obvious trend is for the individual highly praise and the value of the ordinary people. Walt Whitman in the Leaves of Grass for working people paid great attention. He especially pays attention to extol the realization of personal value.Based on for individualism beliefs, American romantic writer pay more attention to the feelings of freedom of expression and character's innermost characterization. Nathaniel Hawthorne in the Scarlet Letter use lots of psychological activity, showing the Hawthorne special psychological insight. In this work, Hawthorne explores the human behavior, mining the hidden in a sense of guilt and anxiety ulterior motives behind. At the same time, based on for individualism beliefs, American romantic writer think that the natural world is the source of good, and the human society is the root of all evil. Thus produce "escape from society, return to nature" the American litera ture program. These are reflected in James Fennimore Cooper’s "Leather - Stocking Tales”, Henry David Thoreau’s The Walden "and then Mark twain "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”.In a word, in particular social, historical and cultural background, the American literature of romantic produced. It reflects the characteristics of that time, reflects the time the United States, the United States national people's ambition and spirit. On one hand, it shows derives with the European romantic literature. On the other hand, most of which reflect the American romantic spirit works or typical Americanization works.They reflect the united nation a "real new experience". And American romantic writer in their works reflect on individualism and intuitive belief, to the pursuit of democracy and political equality.The American LiteratureOf Romantic。
