人教版英语八年级上册语法总结

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人教版英语八年级上册全册十单元语法总结

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

一 复合不定代词

1、由some, any, no, every加上one, body, thing构成不定代词,成为复合不定代词。

one body thing

some someone somebody something

any anyone anybody anything

every everyone everybody everything

no no one nobody nothing

2、用法

(1)复合不定代词相当于名词,在句中可以用作主语、宾语和表语。

Someone is knocking at the door.

I don’t have anything to say today.

Money isn’t everything.

(2)复合不定代词被形容词、动词不定式修饰时,形容词和动词不定式后置。

I have something important to tell you.

There is nothing wrong with the radio.

(3)复合不定代词做主语时,表示单数概念,谓语动词用单词形式。

Everything begins to grow in spring.

(4)some-不定代词用在肯定句中或者表示请求的一般疑问句中;any-不定代词多用于疑问句中否定句中。

Will you ask someone to carry the box for me? 初中精品资料 欢迎下载

Would you like something to drink?

(5)anyone和anything也可以用在肯定句中,表示“任何人”和“任何事”。

Anyone can do it.

I can do anything for you.

二 一般过去时的规则动词和不规则动词

(一)规则变化

构成规则:

在动词末尾直接加-ed . 例如,work -worked , look -looked , play –played

以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d . 例如,live –lived , hope –hoped , use –used

以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y为i再加-ed . 例如,study –studied , carry –carried , worry –worried

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写最后的辅音字母,再加-ed . 例如,stop –stopped ,

plan–planned

(二)不规则变化

1. 没有变化,即:与动词原形一样。例如,cut –cut , put –put , read –read

2. 变化元音,例如,write- wrote , know –knew , come –came

3. 变化辅音,例如,make –made , spend –spent , send –sent

4. 辅音和元音都变化,例如,leave –left , teach –taught , think –thought

5. 其他情况,例如,is –was , are –were , have –had

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

频度副词

一、频度副词的含义

英语中常见的频度副词有usually, sometimes, always, often, seldom, never等,它们用来表示动作发生的频率,但是在程度上有所区别,频率由高到低依次是:always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never。初中精品资料 欢迎下载

频度副词放在be动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实义动词之前,对频率的提问用how often。

He’s always busy.

I never play a trick on others.

Sometimes I go to school by bus.

二、频度副词在句中的位置

频度副词一般放在实义动词之前,be动词、情态动词和助动词之后。

Lucy is sometimes busy.

I can hardly say a word.

They often have coffee at night.

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister

形容词和副词的比较级

形容词比较级的变化规则。

I. 规则变化

构成法 原级 比较级 最高级

单音节词+er/est short shorter shortest

cold colder coldest

以不发音e结尾的词+r/st wide wider widest

large larger largest

单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写末尾辅音字母+er/est big bigger biggest

hot hotter hottest 初中精品资料 欢迎下载

以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i+er/est heavy

heavier heaviest

busy busier busiest

多音节词在前面+more/most important more important most important

beautiful more beautiful most beautiful

II. 不规则变化

原级 比较级

最高级

good/well better best

bad/badly/ill worse worst

old older/elder oldest/eldest

many/much more most

little less least

far farther/further farthest/furthest

② 形容词比较级用法。

I. 比较级用于两者进行比较,结构为“A is 比较级 than B”。

e.g: 1. My bike is more beautiful than hers.我的自行车比她的漂亮。

2. He works harder than before. 他工作比以前努力。

II. 表示两者之间选择,用“which/who is 比较级,A or B?”表示“两者之间较……之一”时,用“the +

比较级”结构。

e.g: 1. Which is nearer to the sun, the moon or the earth? 哪个离太阳更近,月球还是地球?

2. He is the thinner of the two. 他是两人中较瘦的那个。

III.“越来越……”用“比较级and 比较级”结构,多音节和部分双音节词用“more and more 原级”。

e.g: 1. The weather is becoming colder and colder. 天气变得越来越冷了。 初中精品资料 欢迎下载

2. She is becoming more and more beautiful. 她变得越来越美了。

IV. 表示“越……越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构。

e.g: The more careful you are, the more points you will get. 你越细心,得分越多。

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

形容词和副词最高级

一、变化规则

I. 规则变化

构成法 原级 最高级

单音节词+est short shortest

cold coldest

以不发音e结尾的词+st wide widest

large largest

单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写末尾辅音字母+est big biggest

hot hottest

以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i+est heavy heaviest

busy busiest

多音节词在前面+most important most important

beautiful most beautiful

II. 不规则变化

原级 最高级

good/well best 初中精品资料 欢迎下载

bad/badly/ill worst

old oldest/eldest

many/much most

little least

far farthest/furthest

二、用法

I. 表示三者及以上人或物进行比较时用最高级,结构为“the + 最高级+in/of + 范围”。

e.g: 1. The picture is the best of all. 这幅画是所有画中最好的。

2. She is the most beautiful girl in the class. 她是班上最美的女孩。

II. 表示在三者及以上之间选择,用“which/who is the+最高级,A, B or C?”。

e.g: Who is the tallest, Tom, Kate or Bill? 汤姆、凯特、比尔,谁最高?

III. 表示“最……之一”用“one of the最高级+可数名词复数”。

e.g: She is one of the most popular teachers in our school. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。

IV. 形容词最高级前面加序数词,表示“第几……”。

e.g: She is the second tallest girl in our class. 她是我班上第二高的女孩。

V. 比较级和最高级之间的互换。

例如:

He is taller than any other boy in our class.

= He is taller than the other boys in our class.

= He is the tallest boy in our class.

注意比较以下两个句子:

Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.(范围之内)