我想知道自学考试房地产法和外国法制史的重点有哪些？
最佳答案房地产法重点
一、房地产市场调研的含义
房地产市场调研是房地产开发企业为了及时作出正确的投资决策和营销决策，而客观、系统地收集、整理、研究、分析房地产市场有关信息资料，将其转化为决策所需信息的工作过程。
房地产市场调研的作用
1）有助于企业发现新的市场机会，确定正确的发展方向；
2）有利于房地产企业适时开发新产品，抢占新市场；
3）有利于企业制订正确的营销策略；
4）有利于企业不断提高产品质量，改善经营管理，提升市场竞争力。
二、房地产市场调研的内容
（一）宏观投资环境调查
（二）城市房地产市场概况
（三）目标客户群消费行为及市场需求容量调研
（四）项目基本状况调查
（五）项目所在区域市场状况
（六）项目开发策略建议
（七）营销策划和营销推广、销售执行阶段的市场调研
宏观投资环境调查
1、政治环境
2、经济环境
3、社会文化环境
政治环境
政治环境主要包括政府思想观念、办事效率、政策法规等。一个国家、地区和城市的政治环境如何，将直接影响房地产企业正常的生产经营活动的开展。
经济环境
国内生产总值、国民收入的发展状况；能源和资源状况；城市发展总体规划、城市基础设施建设、城市人口分布、区域划分；社会固定资产投资状况、金融、证券市场情况；商业零售及贸易状况、居民消费结构、居民储蓄和信贷情况等。
社会文化环境
居民受教育程度、文化水平、职业构成、民族分布、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、审美观念等。社会文化往往对整个社会有深刻影响，尽管文化有相对稳定性，但不是固定不变的，特别是生活习惯，审美观念往往随着社会生产力发展而发生一定程度的变化。
城市房地产市场概况
1、一级市场土地出让情况，包括土地出让数量及其规划用途、土地价格、土地出让金收缴情况；
2、全市商品房施工面积、竣工面积、销售面积、销售金额、空置面积及结构；
3、全市房地产价格走势，不同区域和物业类型的价格情况；
4、全市主要发展商开发销售情况，包括开发量、竣工量、销售面积及销售金额；
5、三级市场交易情况；
6、当地房地产业相关政策法规。
三、目标客户群消费行为及市场需求容量调研
1、消费者行为调研
2、市场需求容量调研
消费者行为调研
消费者包括房地产商品的现实购买者及潜在购买者。消费者行为调研内容包括消费者社会阶层及数量、年龄构成、收入构成、家庭人口构成、居民居住现状及住房消费倾向、房地产购买偏好、购买动机、购买特点等。
市场需求容量调研
需求容量，是指有支付能力的市场需求容量。只有有支付能力的需求，才是现实的市场容量。
商品住宅市场需求容量调研，主要包括以下几方面：
1）城市人口、家庭数量及变化趋势；
2）购买力，包括居民收入水平、储蓄余额、财产状况；
3）居民居住现状及改善目标，包括自有住房成套率、居住房型、人均居住面积等；
4）居民日常消费支出水平及消费结构；
5）不同社会阶层和收入水平的居民数量及其对不同类型房地产商品的数量、品质、功能、价格的需求特点。
四、项目基本状况调查
（1）宗地基本状况资料
包括宗地界址、面积、土地附着物分布、权属、地形、地貌、水文地质条件）、项目历史及现状资料、项目合作开发条件、土地获得成本、用地规划条件、及项目有关的投资及开发经营税费政策；
（2）项目所在区域市场状况
项目所在区域城市功能、区域建设发展规划、人口分布、居民收入水平、商业、文化氛围、项目周边环境、市政管网设施、交通状况、公建配套及生活服务设施、项目所在区域房地产市场供需状况及竞争水平，主要竞争对手所提供产品及服务的种类、数量、品质、特点、营销手段、销售状况等，潜在竞争对手出现的可能性。
其中竞争对手调研又包括竞争对手的经营管理水平、资源状况、市场竞争地位、产品地理位置、种类、开发规模、产品品质、成本、价格、营销水平、销售状况、物业管理水平，创新能力及发展新产品的动向。（3）项目开发策略建议
1、市场细分及目标市场调研；
2、产品定位，包括产品类型、功能、品质、项目总体规划研究；
3、开发策略分析，包括项目开发规模、开发周期、成本控制、价格策略等。
五、营销策划和销售执行阶段的市场调研
1、宏观经济环境研究
2、市场供需及竞争对手动态调研
3、消费者调研，包括：消费者对本企业产品、服务包括物业管理的评价、意见和要求，客户满意度调研；
4、企业自身产品及服务调研，包括：产品优劣分析，在满足客户需求方面存在的缺陷和不足，产品市场竞争地位分析，本企业产品的市场占有率及销售潜力分析；
5、价格调研，包括：产品最适宜的售价、新产品的定价、老产品价格调整及消费者和竞争者对价格变动的反应；本企业产品价格及竞争企业同类产品价格的差异分析。
六、房地产市场调研程序
（一）调研准备阶段
（二）正式调研阶段
（三）结果处理阶段
调研准备阶段
1、确定调研目标
2、初步情况分析
3、制定调研计划
正式调研阶段
1、确定资料来源
2、确定资料收集方法
3、调查表及调查问卷设计
4、抽样调查
5、现场实地调查
结果处理阶段
1、资料整理分析
2、编写调研报告
七、房地产市场调研方法
（一）调研方法
1、全面调查法
2、重点调查法
3、抽样调查法
（二）资料收集方法
1、二手资料的收集方法：查询、交换、购买、索取、委托情报网收集
①二手资料的收集程序②二手资料的收集来源
二手资料的收集程序
首先应确定需要什么资料。
第二步工作是从企业内部搜寻二手资料。
第三步工作是从企业外部进行搜寻。
第四步工作是对拟收集或已收集的二手资料进行评估，即评估资料的效度。
最后一步是确定需要收集的原始资料。只有决策所必需的，但又无法从二手资料中获取的信息才有必要去收集原始资料
二手资料的来源
1、内部来源：
本人资料库、企业档案（会计记录、销售报告、其他数据资料）、企业内部专家。
2、外部来源
（1）组织机构，包括图书馆、外国使团、国际组织、本国政府机构、商会或贸易促进机构、行业公会、出版社、研究所、银行、消费者组织、其他公司。
（2）文献资料，包括文献目录、工商行名录、贸易统计资料、报纸和期刊、综合性工具书。
（3）电脑数据库、互联网
（4）企业外部专家
（5）营销调研公司
2、商业资料获取方法：向市场调研公司购买
3、原始资料的收集方法：
（1）访问法：①面谈调查②邮寄调查③留置调查④电话调查（2）观察法：①直接观察法②间接调查法
（3）实验法
普通法
大学英语作文开头结尾万能句型 英语写作有其特定的套路， 句式句型就是其中之一。 以下是小编带来的资料， 希望对你有帮助。 开头万能公式 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很 好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所 以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已 记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自 编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试 的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以 不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的， 其实都是编造出来的， 下面随便几个题目我们都 可以这样编造： Honesty： 根据最近的一项统计调查显示， 大学生向老师请假的理由当中 78% 都是假的。
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考试大学英语作文 eams at the very end of the joint university entrance eam, journalists always get a funny answer from graduated students: "now, what i want to do most is burn my tetbooks and eam papers." it seems few students have other ideas than to count the total number of all eam papers over a period of three years. it well be a wonderful number——over two thousand. really, such a surprising quantity of eams harms not only students bodies but also their social development. first, overburdening eams destroy students health. every day, all they do is stay inside and study. students have no time for regular eercise, which is an essential part of maintaining good health. day after day they go without adequate sleep, which lowers their resistance to disease. in addition, worrying about endless eams, students lose their appetites and are incapable of relaing themselves even during sleep. suffering from lack of eercise, little sleep, bad appetites, and long-term tension, students look pale
自考英语写作范文 1、失败就是常有的事。、 2、人们对失败有各种不同的态度。 3、我对失败的态度。 Is Failure a Bad Thing? Failure is a common thing in our daily life、For example, sometimes we fail to pass the examinations、On other occasions, we are defeated in sport games、And there are times when we fail to do more satisfactory work、So it is safe to say that every one of us must have encountered failure of one kind or another、However, different people have different attitudes towards failure、Some people lose heart when they come across failures、They seem to think that it is the end of the world、Others, on the contrary, don’t take failure seriously、They seem to think that failure is first step to success、 In my opinion, what really counts is not failure itself, but our attitude towards it、If we are afraid of failure and yield to it easily, we are bound to have one failure after another、But as long as we have confidence in ourselves and learn something f rom failure, we’ll certainly go from victory to victory、So I’m never a fraid of failure, or I firmly believe that “failure is the mother of success、”竞争就是当今社会的普遍想象。竞争与合作经常并存。在提倡竞争的同时我们不要忘了合作。 Competition and Cooperation Competition is a very common phenomenon in our social life today、We compete when we play games, we try to do better than others in our study and there is constant competition for jobs, fame, wealth and so forth、We can say, to some extent, competition is one of the motive force of the development of society、We often find competition and cooperation occurring at the same time、Think of a basketball game、During the game, one team is competing against the other, but each member of the team must cooperate with his teammates、In most cases, we can’t compete without cooperation、Thus they are equally important、 While advocating competition, we can’t forget cooperation、In modern society, cooperation is especially important because most work is fulfilled with and through other people、So we must combine competition with cooperation to obtain our goals、 城市无论大小都应该保持清洁。保持城市清洁不就是一件容易的事。为了保持城市的清洁,我们的政府做了大量的工作。 Keep Our City Clean A city, whether small or big, should be kept clean、 A clean environment will do us much good、Without the clean environment, we can hardly keep fit, work efficiently or live a comfortable life, which will greatly hold back the development of the city、So it’s of great importance to keep our city clean、Moreover, keeping the city clean is not an easy job、We can clean up the city and keep it clean temporarily, but can we keep it clean for good? This arduous work is in close relation to the economy of the city, the government
网络 How Will Our Life Go on without Internet? 1. 网络提供给了人们丰富多彩和便捷的生活 2.很多人开始感觉离开网络寸步难行 3.你对网络依赖症的看法 【范文】 As a primary source of information as well as an efficient means of communication, the Internet offers people a colourful and convenient life. Just by clicking the mouse, we can enjoy a brilliant and easy life that could not be achieved ever before: shopping, making friends, contacting relatives, looking for jobs, downloading music and movies, conducting business deals, and freely airing our opinions. For its convenience, the Internet has attracted people like magnets and some people even claim that it is indispensable. To them, life can’t go on without it. Every day millions of people spend hours on end surfing the Internet. They are obsessed with it so much that they forget many other important matters. As for me, I don’t approve of unrestrained Internet reliance. Although the Internet is a gift of the technological revolution and a blessing of this information age, we should never let it control our lif e. The Internet absolutely doesn’t mean the whole world to us. Instead, we should guard against its negative effects. To those Internet addicts, I would add: Self-control can make or break your life. With proper use, the Internet serves you; otherwise, it kills you. 保护环境 Protection of Environment 1. 目前环保还存在着许多问题。 2. 为了保护环境，各国政府做了大量的工作。 3. 我的看法。 Protecting the Environment Environmental problems are becoming more and more serious all over the world. For example, cars have made the air unhealthy for people to breathe and poisonous gas is given off by factories. Trees on the hills have been cut down and waste water is being poured continuously into rivers. Furthermore, wherever we go today, we can find rubbish carelessly disposed. Pollution is, in fact, threatening our existence. The earth is our home and we have the duty to take care of it for ourselves and for our later generations. Fortunately, more and more people have realized these problems. Measures have been taken to cope with these problems by the government. Laws have been passed to stop pollution. I hope the problem will be solved in the near future and our home will become better and better. 节约用水 Directions: A. Title:Globle Shortage of Fresh Water B. Word Limit: about 200 words C. Your composition should be based on the Outline given in Chinese below: 1. 人们认为淡水是取之不尽的（提示：雨水，河水，井水） 2. 实际上淡水是短缺的（提示：人口增加，工业用水增加，污染严重） 3. 我们应当怎么办（提示：节约用水，开发新水源） 例文：Global Shortage of Fresh Water People often think that water will never be used up. There is plenty of water, such as rain, water from the rivers and wells. It seems as if water is always available around us and we never have to worry about water shortage. In fact water is rather limited on the earth. With the rapid increase of population and fast development of industries, water is more needed than before. At the same time, a large amount of water has been polluted and wasted every day. Some big cities in China are facing the problem of water shorage already. There, water supply is controlled and industry has been restrained. What should we do about the water shorage? I
大学商务英语写作考试 复习题 https://www.doczj.com/doc/7517839164.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR
商务英语复习题 1.What information should be contained in the first information section of a resume? A.the job objective B.family history and gender identification C.the date D.contect information 2.Which of the following is a “6C” A.Colorfulness B.Concreteness https://www.doczj.com/doc/7517839164.html,fortability https://www.doczj.com/doc/7517839164.html,patibility 3.What is the first thing to appear on a bussiness letter A.the date B.the letterhead C.the inside address D.the attention line 4.When writing the date on a business letter you should take care to do what? A.make sure you always put the year first before the month and day B.always use only numbers in the date field C.make sure you always put the month first before the date and year D.spell out the month 5.How many spaces are needed between the complimentary close of a letter and the typed name of the person writing the letter? A.3 B.2 C.4 D. as many as needed 6.What should you do if you are worried that the reader of a request you are asking will not honor your request? A.write the letter in an indirect style B.write the letter in a direct style C.ask them to please grant your request D.be forceful and demand they honor your request
]]一、解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1．问题现状 2．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, (说明Ａ的现状)．Second, (举例进一步说明现状) Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, (解决方法一). For another （解决方法二). Finally, 解决方法三). Personally, I believe that (我的解决方法). Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because (带来的好处). In,recent days,we have to face a problem, Whicn is becoming more and more serious. First, Second, Confronted with,A, we shoud take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, For another, Finally, Personally,I belive that Consequently,I am confident that a bright future is awaiting us because 二、对比选择型作文模板 When it comes to ＿＿＿＿ ,different people hold different views . Some contend that＿＿＿＿. For one thing,＿＿＿＿ .For another,＿＿＿ . In spite of all these claims, others maintain that ＿＿＿＿，They point out that＿＿＿＿ .Another instance often cited is that＿＿＿＿ . It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. As for me, there’s some truth to both arguments .It’s advisable to ＿＿＿＿＿＿. 职业生涯的选择 When it come to (the career choice),different people hold different views.Some contend that (you should be committed to a lifetime career).For one thing,(you must show you loyalty).For another( you can have more room to improve yourself in one protessional.) In spite of all these claims,others maintain that( you can change jobs fairly often),and they point out that( job-hop canbroaden your horizons). Another instance often cited is that (is that you can have better chance to earn more durin the process of job-hop). It’s no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue.As for me,there’s some truth to both arguments. It’s a advisable to (make your choice depending on a ccording to your context).
自考本科英语作文范文 1. Aording to a recent survey， four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Inter.没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into aount the fact that education does not end with graduation.人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not plete with graduation.越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it es to education， the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， who plain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来
大学英语专业英语写作 试卷 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】
Answer Sheet I . Rewrite the following titles according to general rules: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. II. Identify the figures of speech employed in each of the following sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. III. Sentence identification A. Identify sentences as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. B. Identify sentences as loose, periodic, or balanced: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. IV. Rewrite the following according to the requirements listed in the brackets: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
V. Read the following, identify the mistakes and rewrite the sentences: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. VI. The following sentences are given in a wrong order. You are required to reorganize these sentences into a coherent paragraph by putting the numbers of these sentences into their correct order. The correct order: VII. Choose the most suitable topic sentence for each paragraph. 1. 2. 3. VIII. Choose from the following transitional expressions and put them in the blanks in the paragraphs. 1. 2. 3. 4. IX. Writing I. Rewrite the following titles according to general rules. (5 points, 1 point for each) 1. approaches to teaching english as a foreign language 2. what can the artist do in the world of today 3. hit-and-run accidents 4. best ways to say I love you 5. where i lived, and what i lived for
全国2018年10月高等教育自学考试 英语写作试题 课程代码：00603 全部题目用英文作答 I．Supply the missing paragraph(20 points) The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing．Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words．Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided． Why People Should Exercise In the past, I had never been inclined to participate in sports. Honestly, I didn’t like it, but many persons whom I lived with kept telling me every day how good it was. Since the peer pressure was growing, I decided to go to the gym. It wasn’t until then that I could really understand people when they said exercise really helped a person get organized and keep healthy, physically and mentally. For starters, if you are a lazy person, it is difficult to take the first step. But it is all a matter of committing yourself to something that will provide you with much positive feedback. Once you start exercising and observing positive results, you will actually enjoy it. It takes much effort and a strong will, but it’s worth it. The principal thing to do is to take up a sport you like. If you do, you will start organizing your day in a way that enables you to do whatever you have to, including exercising. You will no longer be a person stressed-out without time to carry on with all your activities. Moreover, exercising is good because it affects you positively in a mental and psychological way. Exercising helps you set specific goals which, along with a strong will, can be achieved. When reaching the goals, you come to know your abilities and your weaknesses, and your self-esteem is enhanced. Any sport relieves stress because it distracts you from thinking about school, work, or your problems, among other things. It helps keep you uplifted and avoid 1
成人自考英语作文题目 在成人自考考试中，你会见到的一些英语写作的题目。下面是小编给大家整理的成人自考英语作文题目，供大家参阅! 成人自考英语作文题目1 你是(Li Yuan)负责组织一次班级郊游活动，请根据一下提示写一份通知： (1)郊游活动的具体内容 (2)要求各自准备一道菜或者点心跟大家分享 (3)列出必要物品，如：相机，雨衣/雨伞、遮阳帽、手电筒等 (4)感谢大家合作 参考答案： Notice Hi，Everyone，here a good news.We will hold a class outing this Sunday at 7:00 a.m.in the BeiHai Park. We will go to the park by bus at 6:00 a.m.,so dont be late.We will enjoy some shows provided by our students in the morning.And in the afternoon,we will do some games to enjoy us. Everyone is asked for a dish or a dessert to share with other people.At the same time ,dont forget to bring your camera,raincoat,sunbonnet,flashlight and so on. Thank you for cooperation!
Li Yuan 成人自考英语作文题目2 请以低碳生活(a low carbon life)为主题，写一篇100-120词的短文，内容包括： (1)流行低碳生活的背景(如极端气候、各种灾害、环境污染等) (2)实施低碳生活的若干方式(如家庭生活、工作学习、外出旅游中的节约行为 (3)低碳生活带来的积极影响 参考答案： A Low-carbon Life With the rapid development of the economy ,the issue of environment pollution is more and more serious,notably global warming.So the extreme weather events and natural disasters were inevitable. Man is making the earth sicker and sicker. Therefore,we should live a low carbon life.First of all,when we go out,we should take a bus or ride a bike instead of driving a car.Cars not only let out carbon dioxide but also waste energy.Second,we had best not use plastic bags which can bring about the white pollution.We should use the environmentally friendly bags.Third,its of great use to plant trees.Trees can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.Finally,we should start with small things,Therefore,as students,we ought to turn out the
高考英语作文套路 Recently, the problem of …has aroused people's concern. 最近,……问题已引起人们的关注. （The Internet）has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. （互联网）已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. It is commonly believed that …/ It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为…… Many people insist that …很多人坚持认为…… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…… A lot of people seem to think that …很多人似乎认为…… 引出不同观点: People's views on …vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that…. 人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……,然而其他人却认为……People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解.
2017大学英语期末考试作文 Until6 Write a article about your classmates’ eating habits using the results of Activity 6 in Part Three. Your composition should include both their similarities and differences. Sample 1 Our Eating Habit The survey shows that students usually spend little time eating. They eat three meals a day, with rice as their basic food (staple). Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, steamed bread, and dumplings. Most students like fresh fish, seafood and eggs. Most students eat their meals at the school cafeterias. They don’t cook at home, and some haven’t even tried cooking. Their parents or grandparents do the cooking in their families. What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. They think fruit can provide all the necessary nutrients their bodies need. With some students, milk is gradually taking the place of water and other drinks. Besides, in many families, it is now the father who does