计划的编制过程-淮阴工学院管理学
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管理学简述计划的制订过程下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成,希望大家下载以后,能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
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简述计划的编制原理管理学一、计划编制的基本概念计划编制是指在一定的时间框架内,为实现组织目标而确定行动步骤、资源配置、时间安排及预期成果的过程。
它是管理过程中的起点,涉及对未来行动的预见和安排。
计划编制不仅包括目标的设定,还包括具体实施措施的确定、资源的调配及进度的安排等。
计划编制旨在通过科学的方法和严谨的流程,确保组织活动的有序进行和目标的实现。
二、计划编制的原理目标导向原理计划编制必须以组织的总体目标为导向。
目标的明确性和具体性决定了计划的方向和内容。
通过设定清晰的目标,能够为计划提供明确的方向,并在实际操作中形成衡量成功与否的标准。
目标导向原理要求在编制计划时,必须从组织的长远目标和短期目标出发,明确任务和要求,以确保所有的行动步骤都能为实现目标服务。
系统性原理计划编制需要遵循系统性原理,即将整个计划视作一个系统,各个部分之间应保持协调一致。
系统性原理强调在计划编制时,要全面考虑各种因素,包括资源、环境、人员等,并将其纳入到计划体系中。
通过系统化的考虑,能够确保计划的各个环节相互配合,减少遗漏和冲突,从而提高计划的科学性和有效性。
前瞻性原理前瞻性原理要求在计划编制过程中,要具备预见性和前瞻性。
即在计划制定时,必须对未来可能出现的各种情况进行预测,并制定相应的应对措施。
前瞻性原理强调通过对未来趋势和潜在风险的分析,为计划的实施提供预警,提前准备应对方案,从而降低计划执行中的不确定性和风险。
灵活性原理计划编制应具备一定的灵活性,以适应环境变化和不可预见因素的影响。
灵活性原理认为,尽管计划的制定需要严谨和详尽,但实际执行过程中不可避免地会遇到各种变化和挑战。
计划应当留有一定的调整空间,以便在出现变化时,能够迅速调整策略和措施,确保计划的顺利实施。
可操作性原理可操作性原理要求计划必须具备实际操作的可能性。
即计划中的目标和措施必须具体、明确,并且能够在实际操作中被有效执行。
可操作性原理强调计划的实际可行性,包括资源的可用性、技术的可行性以及人员的能力等,确保计划能够在实际环境中得以实施。
管理学制订计划的八个步骤英文回答:Planning Theory: Eight Steps to Effective Planning.1. Define the Problem or Opportunity.Identify the specific need or issue that requires planning. Clearly articulate the problem statement or opportunity to be addressed.2. Establish Objectives.Determine the desired outcomes or goals that the plan aims to achieve. These objectives should be specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).3. Generate Alternative Solutions.Brainstorm and explore various possible solutions tothe problem or opportunity. Consider both short-term and long-term options, as well as innovative and unconventional approaches.4. Evaluate Alternatives.Assess the pros and cons of each alternative solution. Consider factors such as feasibility, potential impact, resources required, and alignment with objectives.5. Select a Preferred Alternative.Based on the evaluation, choose the solution that best meets the objectives and constraints. Consider the trade-offs involved and justify the selected option.6. Develop an Implementation Plan.Outline the specific steps and actions necessary to implement the selected solution. This plan should include timelines, responsibilities, and resource allocation.7. Monitor and Control Progress.Regularly track the progress of the implementation plan. Compare actual results to the objectives and identify any deviations. Make necessary adjustments to ensure the planis on track.8. Evaluate Results.Once the plan has been fully implemented, assess its effectiveness in achieving the desired outcomes. Identify areas of success and opportunities for improvement. Use the evaluation findings to inform future planning efforts.中文回答:管理学制订计划的八个步骤。