岩体裂隙网络各向异性损伤力学效应研究(陈新,杨强,李德建)思维导图
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岩体裂隙网络随机生成及连通性研究王晋丽;陈喜;黄远洋;张志才【摘要】Based on statistic parameters of random distribution of fractures, a fracture network is generated by application of the Monte Carlo simulation technology. In terms of undirected graph theory, the backbone (conducting part) of fractures is obtained. Probability of fracture connectivity about the orientations of the uniform distribution is compared to that of the normal distribution. The Monte Carlo Experiments based on a two-dimensional fracture network model are used to validate the critical number of fractures, as well as the critical fracture length derived from Balberg and others. The result shows that the backbone of fractures is drawn quickly and easily with the undirected graph method. Under the same conditions of the fracture features, the probability of fracture connectivity for orientation following a uniform distribution is 20% larger than that of a normal distribution. When fracture connectivity probability is greater than 90% , the estimated value from Balberg and others is in gaad agreement with the actual parameter value. The results in this work provide a valuable analysis method for groundwater seepage calculation.%基于裂隙几何参数分布的统计特性,应用Monte Carlo模拟技术生成二维裂隙网络.利用无向图方法实现裂隙网络连通图的绘制,并比较了走向服从均匀分布和正态分布的裂隙连通概率.在此基础上,对Balberg等人提出的渗流临界裂隙数(即主干裂隙数)和临界裂隙长度估算方法进行了验证.结果表明,无向图方法可以方便、快捷地实现裂隙网络连通图的绘制;同等条件下走向服从均匀分布比走向服从正态分布的裂隙连通概率大20%左右;当裂隙连通概率大于90%,Balberg等人提出的渗流的临界裂隙数和临界裂隙长度估计值与实际参数值吻合较好,研究成果为裂隙地下水渗流计算提供了分析方法.【期刊名称】《水文地质工程地质》【年(卷),期】2013(040)002【总页数】6页(P30-35)【关键词】岩体;Monte Carlo方法;裂隙网络;连通性;地下水渗流【作者】王晋丽;陈喜;黄远洋;张志才【作者单位】河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,江苏南京210098;河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098【正文语种】中文【中图分类】P641;TU452岩体在其形成后的漫长地质年代里,由于构造运动、卸荷作用、风化作用等的影响,孕育了大量的断层、裂隙、节理。
第25卷第5期岩石力学与工程学报V ol.25 No.5 2006年5月Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering May,2006含复杂裂隙网络岩体渗流特性研究的复合单元法冯学敏,陈胜宏(武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉 430072)摘要:研究含复杂裂隙网络岩体渗流特性的复合单元法,该方法首先利用蒙特卡罗方法随机生成符合给定概率分布特征的复杂裂隙网络;然后通过交切和拓扑运算将各裂隙段置于常规有限单元内部,形成内含由多个裂隙段分划而成的子单元的复合单元,根据推导的公式计算渗流场进而分析岩体的渗透特性。
该方法具有以下几个主要特点:(1) 可与传统的有限元法融合;(2) 可考虑每条裂隙的具体位置、产状、开度、长度和渗透性质;(3) 可考虑岩石的渗透性及其与裂隙间的流量交换;(4) 可计入不连通裂隙对渗流场的影响;(5) 复合单元的拓扑信息由裂隙网络与常规有限单元边界的交切及其单元内部裂隙段的相互交切而生成,由于先没有考虑裂隙,故复合单元前处理简单。
用复合单元法分析含复杂裂隙网络岩体的渗流行为及其渗流特性是一种新的数值模拟手段。
算例分析表明该方法的可行性和有效性。
关键词:渗流力学;裂隙网络;岩体;蒙特卡罗方法;随机模拟;复合单元法中图分类号:O 357.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1000–6915(2006)05–0918–07 COMPOSITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR SEEPAGE CHARACTERISTICS STUDY ON ROCK MASSES WITH COMPLICATED FRACTURENETWORKFENG Xuemin,CHEN Shenghong(School of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei430072,China)Abstract:The composite element method for the seepage problem in the rock masses containing complicated fracture network is studied. Firstly,the Monte Carlo method is adopted to generate the stochastic fracture network according to the given probability distribution features;and then the fracture network is located within the conventional finite element to form composite element,which is composed of several subelements incised by the fracture segments. Based on the deduced algorithm,the nodal hydraulic potential of respective subelements can be calculated;and then the analysis of the seepage characteristic in rock masses is performed. The main features of this method are as follows:(1) it can be integrated into conventional finite element method;(2) the number,position,orientation,trace and aperture of every fracture are taken into consideration in the analysis;(3) the permeability of rock and the flow exchange between rock and fractures are considered;(4) the obturated fractures are not omitted and their effects on the seepage are taken into account;and (5) the topological information of composite elements is obtained by the intersection and incision between the fractures and the finite element boundaries and those among the fractures themselves. In this way,the composite element mesh generation of rock masses is not restricted by fractures and can be considerably simplified. The composite element method provides a new approach of the numerical simulation for the seepage solution in the rock masses containing complicated fracture network. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method are verified by the numerical example.收稿日期:2005–04–25;修回日期:2005–06–30基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(50379039,50239070)作者简介:冯学敏(1977–),男,2000年毕业于武汉水利电力大学水电系,现为博士研究生,主要从事水工结构与岩土工程渗流方面的研究工作。
中国矿业大学(北京) 岩土工程研究中心
第一章
)1.1钢结构的应用和发展
)1.2钢结构的特点
)1.3钢结构设计基本方法
一、结构设计的原则
1.目标
(1)承受各种作用,满足功能要求;
安全性: 承受作用,保持稳定,不倒塌;
适用性: 工作性能良好,满足使用要求;
耐久性: 在正常维护下结构具有足够的耐久性;
稳定性:在偶然事件发生时及发生后仍能保持必须的稳定性。
(2)技术先进,经济合理,
安全适用,确保质量。
2.作用(S)
随机变量)
式中:
——根据标准荷载求得的内力;
——屈服强度;
——
、、——
一次二阶矩极限状态设计法
功能函数
表示结构的失效概率则:
(
β
1.3 钢结构设计基本方法
1.3 钢结构设计基本方法
四、钢结构设计过程。