基于PLC的模糊PID水箱液位控制系统设计
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基于PLC的模糊PID水箱液位控制系统设计
摘 要
常规PID控制器结构简单、稳定性好、工作可靠,被广泛应用于过程控制中,但常规的PID在系统参数、工作环境发生变化时往往不能获得较好的控制效果。采用基于PLC知识和不依赖精确数学模型的模糊控制来解决这类问题。
本文首先通过机理法建立液位控制系统水箱的数学模型,为了改善调节过程的动态特性,采用串级控制,主调节器用模糊控制,副调节器采用PID控制。根据液位系统的特征,选取合适的模糊控制规则和隶属度函数,建立模糊控制规则查询表,设计PID控制器和模糊控制器,将设计好的串级系统在Simulink软件上进行仿真,比较常规PID控制器和模糊PID控制器的控制性能。
通过西门子SIMATIC S7-300 PLC 编程系统和力控组态软件6.0设计了西门子PLC的常规PID系统和模糊PID控制算法。通过组态软件力控6.0实时监控液位变化,将设计好的液位控制系统进行仿真。实验表明模糊控制器具有良好的动、静态控制效果。
关键词:过程控制,PID控制,模糊控制,PLC,力控组态软件
Based on PLC fuzzy PID water level control system design
Abstract
The conventional PID controller simple structure, good stability, reliable working, are
widely used in process control, but the conventional PID parameters in the system, working
environment change often cannot obtain the good control effect. Based on PLC knowledge and
not rely on the accurate mathematical model of fuzzy control to solve the problem.
This paper first through the mechanism of water level control system method to establish
the mathematical model, in order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the regulatory
process, the cascade control, regulation is the fuzzy control, vice regulator PID control.
According to the characteristics of liquid level system, to select the suitable fuzzy control rules
and membership functions, establish the fuzzy control rules lookup, PID controller and fuzzy
controller design, the design good ship machine system in Simulink software, and simulation is
the conventional PID controller and fuzzy PID controller control performance.
Through the Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 PLC programming system and the force control
configuration software design of the 6.0 Siemens PLC conventional PID systems and fuzzy PID
control algorithm. Through the configuration software force charged with 6.0 real-time
monitoring level changes, Will design good level control system was simulated. Experiments
show that the fuzzy controller has good dynamic and static control effect.
Key Words: Process control, PID control, Fuzzy control, PLC, Force contro
目 录
1 绪论 ...................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 过程控制概述 ............................................................................................................... 1
1.2 模糊控制理论的产生和发展状况 ............................................................................... 2
1.3 PLC的特点及发展状况 ............................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 PLC的特点 .......................................................................................................... 3
1.3.2 PLC技术发展动向 .............................................................................................. 5
1.3.3 可编程控制器的硬件组成 .................................................................................. 6
1.4 课题研究的主要内容与论文结构 ............................................................................... 6
1.4.1 课题研究内容 ...................................................................................................... 6
1.4.2 论文结构 .............................................................................................................. 7
2 水箱液位控制系统设计及模型分析 .................................................................................. 7
2.1 水箱液位串级控制系统设计 ....................................................................................... 8
2.2 水箱液位控制系统组成及工作原理 ........................................................................... 9
2.3 双容水箱数学模型建立与分析 ................................................................................. 10
3 PID控制和模糊控制 ......................................................................................................... 14
3.1 PID控制 ...................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.1 PID简述 ............................................................................................................. 14
3.1.2 数字式PID控制算法 ........................................................................................ 16
3.2 模糊控制 ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.1 模糊控制器的基本结构 .................................................................................... 18
3.2.2 模糊集合 ............................................................................................................ 20
3.2.3 隶属度函数及其确定 ........................................................................................ 22
3.2.4 模糊推理 ............................................................................................................ 24
3.3 液位模糊控制器的设计 ............................................................................................. 25