动词不定式可以作以上各种成分
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(一)动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:主动形式被动形式一般式(not)to make (not)to be made完成式(not)to have made (not)to have been made进行式(not)to be making完成进行式(not)to have been making(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如:It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。
如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
动词不定式用法归纳动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to是其符号,它没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
1、作主语· To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
· To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
· To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
上面的句子可以改为:· It is hard to be a doctor. · It is not easy to learn English w ell. · It’s important to plant trees in spring. 如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。
· It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning. 对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
· It is important for students to use English every day. 对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
2、作表语在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。
· His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
· My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
· Her ambition is to be a doctor. 她的理想是当医生。
英语中不定式(todo)的6种成分和2种独立用法非谓语是英语学习的重点也是难点,很多同学对这个语法知识一直是处于比较懵的状态。
其实只要掌握非谓语所充当成分的用法就可以运用自如了。
非谓语,顾名思义就是不做谓语的动词的变化形式,即to do ,doing,done。
除了谓语,句子成分中还有主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
下面看看不定式(to do)充当这6种成分的用法:一、不定式作主语1.To see is to believe. (这种情况不常用)2. It is important to learn English well.It 是形式主语,真正的主语是 to learn English well. 这种用法是常用的而且是考点!考点!考点!二、不定式作表语:常说明主语的内容、性质和特征或表动作将要发生。
1. My job is to keep the children safe.2.My task is to type the article.三、不定式做宾语1.He prefers to eat white bread and rice.2.He wants to play football.3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
如:I find it difficult to remember everything.常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有:(需要记住)agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt;care, choose, claim;dare,decide,demand,deserve,determine;expect, fail, get, guarantee;hate, hesitate, hope, hurry;intend, learn, manage, offer,plan, prepare, pretend, promise;refuse, seem, tend, threaten;want, wish 等四、不定式做宾语补足语1.I'd invite her to have dinner at my house.2 . We should allow the children to choose their own clothes.Note 1: 带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。
什么叫非谓语动词以下供你参考 1 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。
非谓语动词有三种:不定式(the Infinites)、动名词(the Gerunds)和分词(the Participles)。
动词不定式的时态、语态动词不定式的时态、语态动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语,虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语,其形式如下:主动形式被动形式一般式(not)to make (not)to be made完成式(not)to have made (not)to have been made进行式(not)to be making完成进行式(not)to have been making(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用被动语态形式。
如:It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主语)It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主语)I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作宾语)Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定语)He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作状语)在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。
如:There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
英语动词不定式的成分和用法英语动词不定式(Infinitive)是一种非谓语动词形式,由“to + 动词原形”构成,可以在句子中担任多种成分。
以下是关于英语动词不定式的成分和用法的详细解释:一、成分1.主语:动词不定式可以在句子中作为主语,表示一个抽象的概念或行为。
例如,“To learn a foreign language is difficult.”(学习一门外语是困难的。
)2.表语:动词不定式可以作为表语,描述主语的特点或状态。
例如,“Mygoal is to become a doctor.”(我的目标是成为一名医生。
)3.宾语:动词不定式可以作为宾语,表示一个动作或行为。
例如,“I wantto go home.”(我想回家。
)4.定语:动词不定式可以作为定语,修饰名词或代词。
例如,“I have a lotof work to do.”(我有很多工作要做。
)5.状语:动词不定式可以作为状语,表示时间、原因、条件等。
例如,“Tosave mone y, I decided not to buy a new car.”(为了省钱,我决定不买新车。
)二、用法1.动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形”,其中“to”是标志词,无词义。
在句子中,它不受人称和数的限制,但有时态和语态的变化。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在“to”前面加“not”。
例如,“I decided not to go.”(我决定不去。
)3.动词不定式可以带有逻辑主语,形成复合结构。
例如,“For him to dothat is impossible.”(对他来说做那件事是不可能的。
)4.有些动词后只能用动词不定式作宾语,如“want, wish, hope, decide,promise”等。
例如,“I want to buy a new car.”(我想买一辆新车。
)5.动词不定式可以和某些形容词连用,如“happy, glad, pleased, sorry”等。
英语动词不定式的成分和用法英语动词不定式由"to"加上动词原形构成,具有名词和动词的特性。
它可以作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语等。
1.主语:动词不定式可以作为整个句子的主语。
例如:To study is important.(学习是重要的。
)2.宾语:动词不定式可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例如:She wants to go shopping.(她想要去购物。
)3.表语:动词不定式可以作为系动词的补语,用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态等。
例如:His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。
)4.同位语:动词不定式可以与名词或代词等形成同位语,用来对名词或代词进行解释、补充说明。
例如:The decision to cancel the event was made yesterday.(取消活动的决定是昨天做出的。
)5.定语:动词不定式可以用来修饰名词或代词,起到修饰、限定的作用。
例如:I have a book to read.(我有一本书要读。
)6.状语:动词不定式可以用来表示目的、原因、结果、条件等,起到状语的作用。
例如:He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买些杂货。
)动词不定式的用法:1.作为目的状语,表示动作或意图的目的。
例如:He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习为了通过考试。
)2.作为原因状语,表示动作或意图的原因。
例如:He woke up early to catch the train.(他早起是为了赶火车。
)3.作为结果状语,表示动作或意图的结果。
例如:She ran fast to win the race.(她跑得快以赢得比赛。
)4.作为条件状语,表示条件。
例如:If you want to succeed, you have to work hard.(如果你想成功,你就得努力工作。
动词不定式是一种非限定性动词,由to+动词原形构成,但它还是属于动词,所以它本身可以带宾语和状语。
动词不定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语,还可用在复合结构中,而且有完成式、进行式、完成进行式和否定形式。
动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。
动词不定式的特殊情况也要掌握。
第一节动词不定式的构成与形式一、动词不定式的概念:动词不定式指由to 加上动词原形(而且只能是动词原形)所构成的一种非限定性动词,但在有些情况下to可以省略。
动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语1) 、宾语2)、表语3)、定语4) 和状语5)1) education is the principal way of gaining status in a culture that generally stresses achievement,skillfulness,and upward mobility.二、动词不定式的构成与形式:动词不定式可以作以上各种成分,但它毕竟是动词,所以有动词的属性动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语[2]和4]中的斜体部分]和状语[5]中的斜体部分]。
虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语,但它表达的意义是动作,这一动作一定由使动者发出。
这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语。
考研题中,语法中所考动词不定式部分包括检测考生是否掌握动词不定式与其逻辑主语之间的一致,其中主要包括它们之间主动和被动的关系以及它们在时间上的一致,同时动词不定式还有其否定形式。
所有这些涉及到动词不定式的各种形式。
现以动词make为例,其形式如下:主动形式被动形式一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made完成式 (not) to have made (not) to have been made进行式 (not) to be making完成进行式 (not) to have been making第二节动词不定式的用法一、不定式结构作主语1. 不定式前置1) Derive [A] mineral resources from [B] sedimentary rock [C] isa [D] major modern industrial activity.2) in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is realy a hard nut.[A] To make high scores[B] To make low goal[C] To the high scores [D] Make the low goals2. 上述形式一般情况不多见,作为考试的规范英语,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.3. 不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词,也适用于其他动词It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago.4. 不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出,也可以通过带“for +名词短语”辨出It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(总复习).It is not difficult for those who study maths well to pass the exam.5. 在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate, foolish, good, impolite, kind, naughty, nice, silly, stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.间或也可用for + there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
语法主谓一致主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
1 并列结构作主语时谓语用复数注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。
2 主谓一致中的就近原则1) 当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。
2)当either…or…与neither…nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。
3 谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
4 谓语需用单数1)代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。
(用复数也可,意思不变)。
5 指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)在代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。
如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该个集体。
主动形式被动形式一般式(not) to make (not) to be made完成式(not) to have made (not) to have been made进行式(not) to be making完成进行式(not) to have been making一作定语置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
①The next train to arrive is from Washington. 表示将来的动作②Have you anything to be taken to your sister只有动宾关系,则需用被动语态③Do you have anything to say on the question 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态④Would you please give me some paper to write on 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词不定式作定语时=定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive。
二、作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①)②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语是aim,duty,hope,idea,mistake,plan,purpose,suggestion等为中心词(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定式说明主语的内容。
④Our work is serving the people.⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving thepeople is out work,-----------------------------------------------------------------⑥The story told by is interesting.而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质、状态,三、作宾补1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)Advise allow appoint believe cause challenge command compel consider declare drive enable encourage find forbid force guess hire imagine impel induce inform instructinvite judge know like order permit persuade remind report request require select send state suppose tell think train trust understand urge warnFather will not allow us to play on the street.父亲不让我们在街上玩耍I found him lying on the ground. 用分词做宾补(现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动)=I found it important to learn. 先加形式宾语,再加形容词,最后加带to do=I found that to learn English is important. 带一个从句此类动词还有get,have。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2) to + be 的不定式结构,作宾补的动词。
Acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, fancy(设想), feel find, guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以为), understandWe consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。
3) to be +形容词Seem, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean…The book is believed to be uninteresting.人们认为这本书没什么意思。
4) there be+不定式believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstandWe didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。
5)as 短语做补语,如regard, think believe, take, consider.Mary took him as her father . 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。
四:作状语1)目的状语To… only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to,so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……)He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。
2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。
What have I said to make you angry.3) 表原因I'm glad to see you.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to sit on当动词与介词连用时,常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。
五、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。
如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置后3)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is… to…的句型(错)It is to believe to see. (对)To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。
六、作宾语1) 动词+不定式 Want to do be warned not to do被动2)动词+不定式=动词+宾语+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…I want to speak to Tom. 我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom. 我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3)动词+疑问词+ to(疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时,谓语动词用单数)decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
The question is how to put it into practice.问题是怎样把它付诸实施。
4)有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语=接that引导的从句。
I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.5)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式。
He feels it his duty to help the poor.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------(1)语态在There be结构中,修饰主语的不定式可用被动,也可用主动。
如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同,如:These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)(2)时态1) 现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2) 完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时:She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。