“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。
在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：
This is the ship by which I went to Shanghai.
This is the student for whom I bought the book.
考点1 简单介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。
（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：
Is this the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)
In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)
The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb) （2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)
The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)
（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why 替换。例如：
I”ll never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army.
The factory in which (=where) his father works is far away from my hometown.
I don”t know the reason for which (=why) he was late.
（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：This is the pilot for whom I bought a camera.
This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.
This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.
1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which
B. during which
C. from which
D. for which
解析：关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。
2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把……当作……”，故答案选D。
考点2 复杂介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如：
We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden.
Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?
考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：
(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose
B. that
C. on which
D. by which
解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。
考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。高考考例：
(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
考点5 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：
1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that
D. the larger of which
解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。
2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. of which
B. which of
C. of them
D. of that
