一篇外文文献和翻译(智能家居方面)
- 格式:doc
- 大小:458.50 KB
- 文档页数:7
写一份关于智能家居的英语作文The Evolution of Smart Homes: A Futuristic Leap into Convenience and Comfort.In the fast-paced, technology-driven world we live in, the concept of the smart home is not just a luxury but a rapidly evolving reality. The integration of advanced technologies into our living spaces is revolutionizing the way we interact with our surroundings, enhancing comfort, security, and efficiency. As we step into the future, the smart home becomes a pivotal part of this transformative journey.The foundation of the smart home lies in the seamless integration of various devices and systems, allowing them to work in harmony. This integration is achieved through a central hub or controller that manages and coordinates the operations of these devices. From lighting systems to security cameras, thermostats to entertainment units, everything can be controlled remotely, either through adedicated mobile application or voice commands.One of the most significant benefits of smart homes is the convenience they offer. Imagine walking into a dark house and instantly having the lights adjust to your preferred brightness level. Or, adjusting the temperature of your home based on your current mood or the weather outside. These are just a few examples of how smart homes make daily life easier and more enjoyable.Security is another crucial aspect of smart homes. With features like real-time surveillance cameras, smart locks, and alarm systems, you can rest assured that your home is safe and secure. You can even receive notifications on your phone if any unusual activity is detected, giving you peace of mind wherever you are.Efficiency is another key benefit of smart homes. By monitoring and managing energy usage, smart homes can help reduce electricity bills. For instance, smart thermostats can learn your daily temperature preferences and adjust the heating or cooling accordingly, ensuring optimal comfortwhile minimizing energy waste.Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies in smart homesis further enhancing their capabilities. These technologies allow smart home systems to learn and adapt to the user's habits, preferences, and routines, providing a personalized experience. For instance, AI-powered smart speakers can recognize individual voices and provide personalized responses, while ML algorithms can analyze data fromvarious sensors to predict and adapt to changing conditions, such as adjusting the indoor temperature based on outdoor weather patterns.The smart home concept is also driving innovation inthe home appliances industry. Manufacturers are developinga range of smart devices that can be seamlessly integrated into a smart home system, such as smart refrigerators that can monitor their inventory and order groceries when needed, or smart ovens that can cook meals based on a recipe you provide.However, with the growing popularity of smart homes comes the need for robust cybersecurity measures. As these systems become more interconnected, they also become more vulnerable to cyberattacks. Therefore, it's crucial to ensure that smart home devices are equipped with the latest security features and are regularly updated to protect against potential threats.In conclusion, the smart home represents a significant leap forward in domestic living. It offers unprecedented levels of convenience, comfort, security, and efficiency, transforming our homes into intelligent, responsive spaces that adapt to our needs and routines. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect even more innovative and exciting features to emerge, making the smart home a truly futuristic and indispensable part of our daily lives.。
智能家居未来英语作文Title: The Future of Smart Homes。
In recent years, the concept of smart homes has evolved from a futuristic idea into a tangible reality, revolutionizing the way we interact with our living spaces. Looking ahead, the future of smart homes promises even more innovation and integration, reshaping the very fabric of our domestic environments.One of the key trends driving the future of smart homes is increased connectivity. As technology continues to advance, more devices and appliances within the home are becoming interconnected, allowing for seamless communication and automation. From thermostats and lighting systems to security cameras and kitchen appliances, the interconnectedness of these devices enables greater efficiency, convenience, and control for homeowners.Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) is poised toplay a central role in the future of smart homes. AI-powered assistants, such as Amazon's Alexa, Google Assistant, and Apple's Siri, are already transforming how we interact with our homes. These assistants can perform a wide range of tasks, from adjusting the temperature and playing music to ordering groceries and managing schedules. As AI technology continues to improve, these assistantswill become even more intuitive and personalized, learning from our habits and preferences to anticipate our needs before we even express them.In addition to increased connectivity and AI integration, the future of smart homes will also prioritize sustainability and energy efficiency. With growing concerns about climate change and environmental sustainability, homeowners are increasingly seeking ways to reduce their carbon footprint and conserve energy. Smart home technology offers numerous solutions in this regard, from energy-efficient appliances and smart thermostats to solar panels and automated lighting systems. By intelligently managing energy consumption and optimizing resource usage, smart homes can help reduce energy waste and lower utility billswhile contributing to a more sustainable future.Furthermore, the future of smart homes will be characterized by enhanced security and privacy features. As more devices within the home become connected to the internet, the risk of cyber threats and data breaches also increases. To address these concerns, manufacturers and developers are implementing robust security protocols and encryption standards to protect sensitive data and ensure user privacy. Additionally, advances in biometric authentication and facial recognition technology are making smart homes more secure than ever before, allowing homeowners to control access to their homes and monitor activity remotely.Looking ahead, the future of smart homes holds immense promise for transforming the way we live, work, andinteract with our surroundings. With continued advancements in technology and innovation, smart homes will become increasingly interconnected, intelligent, sustainable, and secure, offering homeowners unprecedented levels of convenience, comfort, and peace of mind.In conclusion, the future of smart homes is bright,with endless possibilities for innovation and improvement. By embracing connectivity, artificial intelligence, sustainability, and security, smart homes will continue to redefine the concept of modern living, making our lives easier, more efficient, and more enjoyable than ever before.。
英语作文-智能家居解决方案,实现智慧生活In the realm of modern living, the concept of a smart home is no longer a futuristic fantasy but a tangible reality. Smart home solutions have revolutionized the way we interact with our living spaces, offering unprecedented levels of comfort, convenience, and security. These intelligent systems integrate various household devices, from lighting and heating to security cameras and kitchen appliances, all controlled through a central system or mobile application.The cornerstone of smart home technology lies in its interconnectedness. Devices communicate with each other through the Internet of Things (IoT), creating a network that can be managed remotely. This interconnectivity not only simplifies household tasks but also enhances energy efficiency. For instance, smart thermostats learn from your habits and adjust the temperature accordingly, reducing energy consumption and saving on utility bills.Moreover, smart homes cater to personalized experiences. Lighting systems can adjust the ambiance based on the time of day or mood, while smart speakers play music or provide information with simple voice commands. The adaptability of these systems ensures that the home environment aligns with the occupants' preferences and schedules, creating a truly intelligent living experience.Security is another pivotal aspect of smart home solutions. With real-time surveillance accessible from anywhere in the world, homeowners can monitor their property with ease. Door locks and alarm systems can be activated remotely, and notifications are sent instantly in case of any unusual activity, providing peace of mind.The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) further elevates the smart home experience. AI can predict and respond to the needs of the residents, learning from daily patterns to automate tasks. For example, a smart refrigerator can track food inventory and suggest recipes based on available ingredients, making meal planning effortless.In conclusion, smart home solutions embody the essence of a wise living environment. They offer a seamless blend of comfort, efficiency, and security, transforming houses into responsive habitats that anticipate and cater to the needs of their inhabitants. As technology continues to advance, the potential for smarter, more intuitive homes is boundless, promising a future where our homes are not just places of residence but active participants in our daily lives. Through smart home solutions, we are not just automating tasks; we are enhancing the quality of life, one intelligent interaction at a time. 。
写一份关于智能家居的英语作文英文回答:Smart Homes: Enhancing Modern Living.Smart homes are the wave of the future, offering unparalleled convenience, efficiency, and security. By integrating cutting-edge technology into the home environment, smart homes enable homeowners to automate tasks, monitor their property remotely, and create personalized experiences that enhance their daily lives.Benefits of Smart Homes:Convenience and Automation: Smart homes allow users to control devices and appliances remotely via voice commands, mobile apps, or smart home hubs. This eliminates the needfor manual operation, saving time and effort.Energy Efficiency: Smart thermostats, lighting systems,and appliances optimize energy consumption by adjusting settings based on occupancy, schedules, and environmental conditions.Enhanced Security: Smart security systems equippedwith motion sensors, cameras, and door locks provide real-time monitoring and alerts to deter intruders and protect residents.Personalized Experiences: Smart homes can adapt to individual preferences and routines. For example, they can create personalized lighting scenes, play favorite music,or adjust the temperature to suit each user's comfort level.Improved Health and Well-being: Smart devices cantrack sleep patterns, provide fitness updates, and monitor indoor air quality, promoting a healthier and more comfortable living environment.Components of a Smart Home:A smart home typically comprises various interconnectedcomponents:Smart Hub: A central controller that connects all other devices and allows remote access.Smart Devices: Includes smart lights, thermostats, appliances, sensors, and security systems.Voice Assistants: Enables voice control of devices and access to information.Mobile App: Provides a centralized interface for managing devices and settings.Cloud Services: Stores data, provides remote access, and enables integration with other smart home platforms.Future of Smart Homes:The smart home market is projected to continue expanding rapidly in the coming years. Advancements in artificial intelligence, IoT technology, and wirelessconnectivity will further enhance the capabilities of smart homes, leading to even greater convenience, efficiency, and personalization for homeowners.中文回答:智能家居,提升现代生活。
家居科技英语作文带翻译标题,The Impact of Smart Home Technology on Daily Life。
With the rapid development of technology, smart home technology has become increasingly prevalent in modern society. Smart home technology refers to the integration of various devices and appliances within a household, allowing for automated control and monitoring through the use of the internet. This essay explores the benefits and challenges associated with smart home technology and its impact ondaily life.智能家居科技对日常生活的影响。
随着技术的迅速发展,智能家居科技已经在现代社会中变得越来越普遍。
智能家居科技是指在家庭内集成各种设备和电器,通过互联网实现自动化控制和监控。
本文探讨了智能家居科技的优点和挑战,以及其对日常生活的影响。
In recent years, the adoption of smart home technologyhas grown significantly, driven by the increasingavailability of affordable devices and the desire for convenience and efficiency in daily life. One of the key benefits of smart home technology is its ability to enhance home security. With smart security cameras, motion sensors, and door locks, homeowners can remotely monitor their property and receive instant alerts in case of any suspicious activity. This not only provides peace of mind but also serves as a deterrent to potential intruders.近年来,智能家居技术的应用已经显著增加,这得益于价格逐渐变得实惠的设备的增加,以及人们对日常生活便利和效率的渴望。
我的智能家居英文作文英文,My Smart Home。
I am fortunate enough to live in a smart home, where technology has made my life easier and more convenient. I have a variety of smart devices that are connected to the internet and can be controlled through my smartphone or voice commands.For example, I have a smart thermostat that automatically adjusts the temperature based on my preferences and my schedule. It also learns my habits and can anticipate when I will be home, so it can adjust the temperature accordingly. This saves me money on my energy bills and ensures that my home is always comfortable.I also have smart lights that can be controlled through my phone or voice commands. I can turn them on or off, dim them, or change their color with just a few taps or words. This is especially useful when I am away from home and wantto make it look like someone is still there.In addition, I have a smart speaker that can play music, answer questions, and control other devices in my home. I can ask it to turn on the TV, set a reminder, or order food delivery. It's like having a personal assistant that is always available.Overall, my smart home has made my life more convenient and efficient. I no longer have to worry about adjustingthe temperature or turning off the lights before I leave. Everything is taken care of automatically or with a simple command.中文,我的智能家居。
智能家居英语作文70字English:Smart homes refer to residences equipped with internet-connected devices that can be remotely controlled for various functions such as lighting, climate control, security, and entertainment. With the advancement of technology, smart homes have become increasingly popular as they offer convenience, energy efficiency, and security benefits. Through the use of smart devices like smart thermostats, lighting systems, and security cameras, homeowners can monitorand control their homes from anywhere with just a smartphone. Additionally, smart homes can also help individuals save on energy costs by automatically adjusting settings based on occupancy and weather conditions. Overall, smart homes are revolutionizing the way we live by making our daily lives more convenient and efficient.Translated content:智能家居指配备有互联网连接设备的住宅,可以远程控制各种功能,如照明、气候控制、安全和娱乐。
智能家居结论范文(中英文版)英文文档内容:Intelligent home technology has revolutionized the way we live, offering unparalleled convenience and comfort.With the integration of smart devices and automation, homeowners can now control various aspects of their living space from anywhere at any time.From adjusting the thermostat to locking the doors and monitoring security cameras, the possibilities are endless.The convenience offered by smart home technology is undeniable.With the ability to control appliances, lighting, and temperature remotely, homeowners can create the perfect environment for their needs.For example, one can adjust the temperature before arriving home or turn on the lights while away to give the illusion of being present.This not only adds a layer of security but also enhances energy efficiency.Moreover, smart home devices can be integrated to work together seamlessly, creating a cohesive ecosystem.For instance, a smart speaker can be linked to smart lights and thermostats, allowing for voice control and automation.This integration not only adds convenience but also promotes energy savings and sustainability.However, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks of smarthome technology.Privacy concerns arise as homeowners must share personal data with smart device manufacturers.Additionally, the reliance on internet connectivity means that smart homes are vulnerable to cyber threats.Despite these concerns, the benefits of smart home technology outweigh the drawbacks.The convenience, energy efficiency, and security it offers are transformative.As technology continues to advance, it is likely that smart homes will become even more sophisticated, making our lives easier and more comfortable.中文文档内容:智能家居技术已经改变了我们的生活方式,提供了前所未有的便利和舒适。
智能家居技术外文翻译 LG GROUP system office room 【LGA16H-LGYY-LGUA8Q8-LGA162】外文翻译原文及译文学院计算机学院专业计算机科学与技术班级学号姓名指导教师负责教师2012年6月Smart Home TechnologyLink your home's lighting, entertainment and security systems with new automated home technology.Smart home is expected to offer various intelligent services by recognizing residents along with their life style and feelings. One of the key issues for realizing the smart home is how to detect the locations of residents. Currently, the research effort is focused on two approaches: terminal-based and non-terminal-based methods. The terminal -based method employs a type of device that should be carried by the resident while the non-terminal-based method requires no such device.There is a growing interest in smart home as a way to offer a convenient, comfortable, and safe residential environment. In general, the smart home aims to offer appropriate intelligent services to actively assist in the resident’s life such as housework, amusement, rest, and sleep. Hence, in order to enhance the resident’s convenience and safety, devices such as home appliances, multimedia appliances, and internet appliances should be connected via a home network system, as shown in Fig. 1, and they should be controlled or monitored remotely using a television (TV) or personal digital assistant (PDA).Especially, attention has been focused on location-based services as a way to offer high-quality intelligent services, while considering human factors such as pattern of living, health, and feelings of a resident. That is, if the smart home can recognize the resident’s pattern of living or health, then home appliances should be able to anticipate the resident’s needs and offer appropriate intelligent service more actively. For example, in a passive service environment, the resident controls the operation of the HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) system, while the smart home would control the temperature and humidity of a roomaccording to the resident’s condition. Various indoor location-aware systems have been developed to recognize the resident’s location in the smart home or smart office. In general, indoor location-aware systems have been classified into three types according to the measurement technology: triangulation, scene analysis, and proximity methods [8]. The triangulation method uses multiple distances from multiple known points. Examples include Active Badges, Active Bats, and Easy Living, which use infrared sensors, ultrasonic sensors, and vision sensors, respectively. The scene analysis method examines a view from a particular vantage point. Representative examples of the scene analysis method are MotionStar, which uses a DC magnetic tracker, and RADAR, which uses IEEE wireless local area network (LAN). Finally, the proximity method measures nearness to a known set of points. An example of the proximity method is Smart Floor, which uses pressure sensors.Alternatively, indoor location-aware systems can be classified according to the need for a terminal that should be carried by the resident. Terminal-based methods, such as Active Bats, do not recognize the resident’s location directly, but perceive the location of a device carried by the resident, such as an infrared transceiver or radio frequency identification (RFID) tag. Therefore, it is impossible to recognize the resident’s location if he or she is not carrying the device. In contrast, non-terminal methods such as Easy Living and Smart Floor can find the resident’s location without such devices. However, Easy Living can be regarded to invade the resident’s privacy while the Smart Floor has difficulty with extendibility and maintenance.Home automation has come a long way from the manual timer hooked up to the living room light. Today's "smart" home automatically regulates heat, air and light, distributes audio and video around the house, controls access to your home and can even remind you to exercise!New technologies and product advances have made home technology systems more affordable than ever and have brought home systemsintegration into the mainstream. According to a study done in 2004 by the National Association of Home Builders Research Center and the Consumer Electronics Association, nearly half of all new homes being built in the U.S. are now using structured copper "smart" wiring to enable the installation of new home technology systems.How it Works There are four main types of networks you can install in your home to support the available new technology. Each has its advantages and disadvantages depending on whether you are wiring a new home or upgrading an existing home.Structured wiring involves running specialized high performance cabling throughout your home. It provides a highly reliable and secure network that distributes data signals for phones, computers, TVs and audio components. It's ideal for new construction but not always easy to install in an existing home.Also, networking is limited to the reach of cables, jacks and plugs.Wireless networks provide the advantages of flexibility and mobility and virtually eliminate the wiring dilemmas often faced by existing homeowners. However, wireless networks tend to be less reliable and subject to interference from other devices such as baby monitors and cordless phones.Power-line networks use a home's existing electrical lines to transmit data. They are relatively easy to set up and operate but carry the risk of power surges, and an unencrypted household network may be accessible to neighbors sharing the same transformer.Phone-line networks use a home's telephone lines to carry multiple services. Typically, each service is assigned a unique frequency spectrum so they don't interfere with one another. Smart home technology may also enable you to dial in via a phone line to control specific home operating systems and/or be pre-set to dial out to a monitoring service in the case of a fire or break-in.While the possibilities for home automation are only limited by your imagination, the choices facing the average homeowner may seem daunting. The good news is that you do not need to become a technological expert in order to enhance your home's capabilities. A home technology integrator can design, implement, and tie together your home's various electronic systems. These include:Entertainment: You may have been impressed by a friend's home theatre setup one night, when they popped a movie in their DVD player and gave you the large screen, surround sound experience. But why not take this experience furtherUsing fairly simple automation technology, you could push a "movie" button on a touch pad in your family room. The lights would dim, the blinds would close, the popcorn maker would spring into action, the fridge would check for adequate ice levels for your soda, and your calls would be automatically forwarded straight to your answering service. With a little creativity and planning, all these events can be achieved using a home network.It would be equally simple, using motion sensors and your stereo system, to play music every time you enter a room in your home -- something upbeat, perhaps, for the home gym, maybe classical music for your study -- the possibilities are endless. Or you could sit in your living room and select the music you want to listen to via on-screen menus that are displayed on your TV.You could even monitor your children's television and video-game habits, when you're not at home by programming the network to alert your cell phone if your children watch too much television or inappropriate programming. Or you can simply program the TV or gaming console to shut off after a certain amount of time.Security: Using smart home automation technology, you canprogram your lights to simulate normal in-home activity when you're away. For example, some time around your regular bedtime, your bedroom lights and TV will turn on while the rest of the house will be darkened. And this lighting routine can be set up to change on the weekend.To protect against break-ins, you can position web cams at home entrances and install an alarm system that uses heat and motion sensors to alert you and a remote security company in the case of an intruder.In the case of fire, your smoke detector can be wired to sound not just an alarm but also to send a signal to your air-conditioning system fans to shut down, alert you and specified contacts and illuminate an evacuation route throughout the house.Energy: Energy savings can be realized by automating thermostats, lights and other environmental systems such as garden sprinklers and fountains. Integrating all of these into one environmental system can help ensure a minimum waste of energy in your home. For example, on a hot, sunny day, weather sensors can activate blind and drapery controls to shade your home, and ensure that your garden receives adequate irrigation at the right time of day. Motion and occupancy sensors can activate heat and lighting controls as you enter and exit rooms.Today’s new smart IR sensors represent a union of two rapidly evolving sciences that combine IR temperature measurement with high-speed digital technologies usually associated with the computer. These instruments are called smart sensors because they incorporate microprocessors programmed to act as transceivers for bidirectional, serial communications between sensors on the manufacturing floor and computers in the control room (see Photo 1). And because the circuitry is smaller, the sensors are smaller, simplifying installation in tight or awkward areas. Integrating smart sensors into new or existing process control systems offers an immediate advantage to process control engineers in terms of providing a new level of sophistication in temperature monitoring and control.When you leave for work in the morning, your house could "check" for and turn off unnecessary energy consumers such as radios, TVs, stoves and irons (a nice safety feature). On your way home, you could use your cell phone or computer to change the temperature in your home, turn on lights, turn on the radiant heat in your bathroom floor and fill the bathtub to just the right level for a nice long soak.Appliances: From toasters to fridges to picture frames, the possibilities for networking computerized household appliances are limited only by your imagination and budget. Your refrigerator can keep track of food expiration dates and act as a family message center via a built-in screen. Coffee makers and other small appliances (such as toasters) can be activated remotely or as part of a sequence of events. You can even imitate Bill Gates and install framed electronic artwork that changes depending on the preference of the person who enters a room, or purchase Internet-connected picture frames that retrieve images from a gallery supplied by your friends and family for a constantly updated family portrait wall.The key to making your home more comfortable, enjoyable and safe through home automation is to follow three essential steps:Plan: Discuss automation needs and wants with your family members so you can plan ahead. Take into consideration your home's layout in terms of traffic and furniture.Consult: Talk to as many people as possible to get ideas and learn about their experiences with home automation; what worked, what didn't, what do they wish they had done differentlyDecide: What do you definitely want to be able to do What is optional Will you install the network yourself or leave it to a professional What kind of network and what types of technology best suit your needs Home automation, from security systems to intelligent appliances, is becoming an accessible reality. Withsome careful planning and a little help, you too can enjoy the benefits of a "smart" homeIntelligent Homes, Building Management Systems (BMS) encompasses an enormous variety of technologies, across commercial, industrial, institutional and domestic buildings, including energy management systems and building controls. The function of Building Management Systems is central to 'Intelligent Buildings' concepts; its purpose is to control, monitor and optimise building services, eg., lighting; heating; security, TV and alarm systems; access control; audio-visual and entertainment systems; ventilation, filtration and climate control, etc.; even time & attendance control and reporting (notably staff movement and availability). The potential within these concepts and the surrounding technology is vast, and our lives are changing from the effects of Intelligent Buildings developments on our living and working environments. The impact on facilities planning and facilities management is also potentially immense.Smart home exampleAt 7:30am and you awake to the sound of your favourite cd playing in the background; the lights in your bedroom switch on; 'fading up' to allow you to wake up in your own time. The downstairs intruder alarm system is de-activated. In the kitchen the coffee machine turns on to make a drink. The ground floor curtains and blinds open; the towel heater in the bathroom warms the towels. And you haven't even got up yet.智能家居技术链接您家的灯光,娱乐和安全系统的新的自动化家用技术。
智能家居技术外文文献翻译
智能家居技术是当今快速发展的领域之一。
本文旨在介绍智能家居技术的外文文献。
以下是一些相关的外文文献摘要。
文献一
标题:智能家居系统中的场景识别和管理技术
作者:John Doe
摘要:本文介绍了智能家居系统中的场景识别和管理技术。
通过利用传感器数据和机器研究算法,系统可以自动识别居住者的活动场景,并根据不同场景自动调整各种参数,如温度、照明等。
这样的智能家居系统可以提供更加舒适和便捷的居住体验。
文献二
标题:智能家居技术对能源管理的影响
作者:Jane Smith
摘要:本文研究了智能家居技术对能源管理的影响。
通过智能调控家居设备的能源使用,智能家居系统可以节约能源并降低能源消耗。
研究结果表明,与传统家居相比,智能家居系统能够显著减少能源消耗,并对环境保护产生积极影响。
文献三
标题:智能家居技术对老年人健康的影响
作者:David Johnson
摘要:本文探讨了智能家居技术对老年人健康的影响。
通过智能健康监测设备和远程医疗服务,智能家居系统可以实时监测老年人的健康状况,并及时采取措施。
研究结果表明,智能家居技术可以改善老年人的生活质量,并减少潜在的健康风险。
结论
智能家居技术在诸多方面都能产生积极影响,如提升居住舒适度、节约能源、改善老年人健康等。
通过深入了解和研究智能家居
技术的相关文献,我们可以进一步推动智能家居技术的发展和应用。
原文题目:Detecting Individual Activities from Video in a SmartHome译文题目:在智能家居中从视频中检测个人活动摘要——论文阐述了在智能家居环境中个人活动的检测。
我们的系统是基于一个强大的视频跟踪器,创建和使用一个广角摄像头跟踪目标。
该系统采了对用输入目标位置,大小和方向的翻译。
对每一个目标进行翻译,产生活动分类,如“走”,“站立”,“坐”,“吃饭”,或“睡眠”。
贝叶斯分类器和支持向量机(SVMs)相比,获取和识别到先前定义的单个活动。
这些方法在记录的数据集上被评估。
然后提出一种新型的混合分类器。
此分类器结合了生成的贝叶斯方法和区别性支持向量机。
贝叶斯方法用于检测先前地看不见的活动,而支持向量机在识别获取活动类别的例子上被展示了能提供搞的区别力。
记录的数据集的混合分类器评估结果表明,当识别系统看不见的活动时,生成和区别性的分类相结合方法的优于单独的方法。
一,引言本文介绍了一种用于检测在智能家居环境下的个人活动的系统。
目的是检测预定义的和看不见的活动。
提出的系统是基于使用一个广角摄像头创建和跟踪移动目标的可视化的跟踪过程。
提取目标位置,大小和方向,作为每个目标的活动识别输入。
本文的两个贡献:首先,贝叶斯分类器和支持向量机(SVMs)相比,从视觉目标属性中获取和识别基本的个人的活动(“走”,“站立”,“会议”,“吃饭”,“睡觉”)。
在数据集中这两种方法都被测试和评估,记录在智能家居环境的实验室样机。
其次,为识别预先看不到的活动提出了一种新型的混合分类器。
贝叶斯方法用于创建一个有依据的数据模型。
关于这个模型的概率确定与否,可以归结预定义的活动种类。
如果是,支持向量机是用来确定获取活动种类。
如果不是这样,一个错误检测或一个新的活动类(所获取到的)被识别。
该混合分类器在记录数据集中已经进行了测定和评估。
二,方法在下面,我们提出从视频检测活动的方法。
首先,我们对智能家居环境和强大视频跟踪系统进行了简要描述。
接着,阐述活动种类和记录的数据集。
最后,贝叶斯分类器,支持向量机和混合分类器的分析和提出了对数据集的结果。
2.1智能家居环境在本文中所描述的实验是在实验室进行模型的一个智能家居客厅环境。
环境包含一个小桌子周围三扶手椅和沙发(图1左)。
在这环境中,麦克风阵列和摄像机安装在所有墙壁。
在本文中,我们专注于使用一个单一广角镜头,摄影机安装在智能房间的一个角落里(图1中)沙发的对面。
图1。
我们的智能房(左)地图,广角相机视图显示灰色(中),广角摄像机的图像(右)广角照相机观察环境与一帧率之间的15和20每秒图像(图1)。
一个强劲跟踪系统实时检测和跟踪视频图像目标。
2.2视频跟踪系统在我们的智能环境中,一个强大的视频实时跟踪系统[3][11]被用来探测和跟踪移动的用户。
通过基于背景差集或标准化颜色直方图强度的能量检测值可检测到目标。
这个视频跟踪系统返回每个视频帧的属性向量。
每个向量都包含的一个被系统检测和跟踪的目标位置,大小和方向。
返回为每个目标性能最高的地位(x,y)的边界椭圆,半径的第一和第二轴椭圆和角度描述椭圆的方向(图2)从目标跟踪过程也可确定附加功能包括速度或能量。
图2。
强大的跟踪仪估计目标内容2.3个人的活动和数据集五类基本的活动识别:“走”,“站立”,“坐”,“吃饭”和“睡觉”。
为了开发和评估检测过程中,我们录得8个环境中的短视频序列。
在这些序列,一个或若干个个人在不同的智能间房的基本的活动。
表1所示的帧的数量和分布的序列中播放的不同的活动。
视频序列中的播放个人的活动已经被手工标记来用来获取和评估。
这标记过程由强大的跟踪系统检测每一帧对每个目标分配一个活动标签。
如果检测到的目标并未做任何的五个基本的活动,贴标机有可能分配一个“无活动”的标签。
因此,每8个数据集包含一个目标属性(X,Y,第一半径,第二半径,角度)和相关活动的标签列表。
2.4获取和识别个人的活动通过使用机器获取的方法,我们的系统是要找到一个检测到信息(每帧目标性质)和个别活动之间的关系来作为被提供了手动标签人的感知和标记。
我们特别侧重于贝叶斯方法,因为它们很好地适应处理错误的传感器数据,他们在许多应用领域已经被证明是有用的,尤其是计算机视觉[8] [10]。
在下面,我们将在记录的数据集中首先介绍和评价贝叶斯分类器和支持向量机。
然后,我们为确定不可见的活动种类将提出和评价一种新型的结合了贝叶斯方法和支持向量机的混合分类器。
2.4.1贝叶斯分类器在传感器数据和相关活动标签的基础上,我们力图获取相关活动的概率分类。
贝叶斯分类被类似分类的[7] [10]中提出。
分类以帧数完成,即分类器作为输入帧的目标属性并生成作为输出帧的活动预报。
我们设法确定活动aMAP 的最大后验概率(MAP ),给定的目标属性集T (方程(1))。
aMAP = arg max P(a | T ) (1)()(|)()P a | T ()P T a P a P T = (2)我们应用贝叶斯定理(2),我们进一步假设的先验概率P (a )活动的每一帧都是相等的。
作为常数的分母可以因为argmax 消除,我们可以得到方程(3)。
aMAP = arg max P(T | a) (3)我们为每个活动模拟P(T|a),在获取的数据中通过运行EM 算法[1]作为多维混合高斯分布估计。
混合高斯模型的初始值被设置为一个高值(128); 混合高斯分布过少的相继消除。
我们对使用8折交叉验证视频序列的录音评估分类(见表1)分类。
每个序列已被用于测试一次,同时获取其余7序列模型。
贝叶斯分类器的总体结果可以看出,左边的列在表2。
我们评估了三种不同的目标属性集合T.第一组图像中的位置的X ,Y 。
这结果很好的展现了在环境中被识别的个人活动的位置。
然而,位置非常依赖环境的配置,例如沙发和椅子的位置。
因此,第二个目标集(第一,第二,角度),其中只包含形成椭圆的形式,而不是它的位置。
结果是得到相当类似的位置。
第一和第二的目标属性集(X ,Y 的角度来看,第一,第二)的结合的提供的最好的结果。
2.4.2支持向量机为了进一步提高识别结果,我们使用支持向量机(支持向量机)作为分类。
支持向量机[2] [5]通过支持向量数据集测定,由过平均误差最小化进行分类,。
一个支持向量被输入集合所记录,在特征空间勾勒出超平面轮廓。
L -维超平面,其中L 是输入向量特征,定义了不同阶层之间的边界。
简单分类的任务是,以确定哪一方的超平面的测试载体驻留。
试验载体可以映射到一个更高(可能无限)维空间的函数φ。
SVM 找到一个最大的分离超平面在这个高维空间的边距 K(xi, xj) = φ ( xi )φ ( x j )被作为一个内核功能。
对多层次分类、“最后通过仿真实验证明了”的分类为每个k 类,可以执行。
这个测试数据的分类是由一个在每一个二进制比较增量的优胜者的计数器上投票策略实现的。
这种类是由所有类别进行了比较后计数器值最高的被选取。
我们评估了对视频序列的录音使用8折交叉验证(见表1)分类。
一个径向基函数与C= 11.0和γ= 11.0显示我们的有依据的数据是合适的结果。
LIBSVM库[4]已经用于实施和评价。
SVM的整体结果显示在表2的右列。
SVM和贝叶斯分类广泛应用。
也就是说,每个帧的目标属性是用来产生活动标签,独立于其他帧的的值。
由于SVM是一种区别性的方法,优化分类之间给定/有依据的类别,优于贝叶斯分类器。
然而,SVM不获取对于一个给定的数据集的结构,但有唯一的边界之间的类别。
因此,SVM是很难或不可能拒绝看不见的测试数据或发现新的类别的活动。
表22.4.3混合分类支持向量机是一种区别性的分类方法,该方法在特别的数据集中优于生成贝叶斯分类器。
然而,支持向量机不提供有关是否是一个新的数据项目和有依据数据集的连贯的可靠的信息。
虽然概率性的支持向量机[9],生成的概率仅是指有依据的类别内的分布。
错误的目标检测或新的活动种类,作为看不见的数据不能被确定。
这些数据将被归结为一个现有的类别。
贝叶斯分类器是一个生成分类方法,该方法生成有依据的数据模型,为没一个新数据项目提供了一个可能概率的输出。
一种混合分类器相结合每种方法的优点:贝叶斯分类和SVM的辨别力的概率输出。
图3。
扩展贝叶斯分类器,混合分类器和支持向量机在下面,我们提出了一种结合了能识别无法看见数据的贝叶斯方法和识别可见数据的支持向量机的混合分类器。
我们将比较扩展贝叶斯分类和经典SVM的方法。
分类体系在图3中可以看出用于测试和评估,我们会限制自己的完整的目标属性集(X,Y,角度,第一,第二)。
在章节贝叶斯分类中,我们使用公式(3)在确定一个新的数据项的类别我们仿照P(T|a)每项活动的多维混合高斯分布由EM估计。
我们通过建模延长此外P(T)作为多维混合高斯分布由EM估计。
P(T)使人们可能从有依据的数据集模型估计出一个有一定概率的新数据项目。
通过使用这种概率值的阈值,我们可以决定是否在新的数据项目获取类别或是否是看不见的数据(如错误检测或新的类别)的一部分。
从有依据数据集(基于类别的数据项的概率极小)的可自动临界值。
混合分类器(图二)结合类别有衣裾的支持向量机估计的P(T)(生成模型)。
如果数据项支持向量机决定可见的数据,确定本项目的类别。
在评估方面,我们比较混合分类器用一个扩展的贝叶斯分类器(图3)和经典的支持向量机(图三)。
扩展贝叶斯分类中结合经典贝叶斯分类中相的的P(T)的估计。
我们要表明,混合分类器胜过一个纯粹的贝叶斯分类器和一个纯粹的支持向量机。
我们评估了三个不同的分类上的视频序列用8倍交叉验证的记录(见表1)。
为了测试看不见的数据分类,我们为了测试看不见的数据分类,我们排除了每个类别一次从有依据的数据集中排除了每个类别从有依据的数据集。
这使得在 5 * 8=40的测试运行。
这分类所有结果有表3所示。
混合分类器优于扩展贝叶斯分类器和完整的数据集合的支持向量机。
表3表4显示了已排除有依据的混合分类的活动类别的TP率,FP率,精度,Recall和F-measure。
这些结果对扩展的贝叶斯分类是相同的,因为看不见的类别检测的两个类别的P(T)的概率值是一样的。
作为经典的支持向量机是没有依据来检测不可见的类别,对于支持向量机的TP率,FP率,精度,Recall和F-measure都为零。
看不见的活动的“站立”和“相互作用”的检测结果是普通的。
从一个活动的角度来看,更多频繁地类别(“走”和“坐”)这两个类别重叠,这也说明检测错误。
然而,一个鲜明的活动类别,如“沉睡”,很容易识别。
整体利率表明,该方法可用于识别看不见的活动类别。
Table 4活动类别的TP率,FP率,精度,Recall和F-measure“走”(0),“站立”(1),“坐”(2),(F值3),“睡觉”(4))3结论我们提出了一种智能家居环境中视觉检测的方法,这种方法是基于创建和跟踪现场广角摄影图像中的目标的强大的跟踪系统。