跨文化交际(胡超版)期末试题.
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Test PaperⅠ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, whilethe East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic andabstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern,while the East uses inductive pattern5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the great thinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two comprehensive categories: those thatare primarily produced by the body, such as_________,________,_______; and those that the individual combines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs and allusions thanin English writing. Some Western scholars name this style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a more fanciful impres sion than information, and the information is usually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other “goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term this style as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct with objective information. To them, much-repeated words may mean less after a while. We may term the Western writing as ________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that_______, while the Asian people believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western belief holds that _______,while the Asian people believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, the Philippines,Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, the Philippines, Mexico, andLatin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. It goes by thefollowing different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus ar t; objectivity versus imaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imagination versussubjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugation versus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science ve rsus religion; objectivity versus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hindu thinks in order to_______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing ______, while inChina, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world, Mediterraneancountries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, Middle EastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain, most NorthernEuropean countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain, most NorthernEuropean countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication, thehigh-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German, SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese, J apaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese, BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble”of space (territory). Studies show that people from________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, _________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; North America,Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arab countries, and manyAsian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arab countries, and manyAsian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries; South America,Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much more important to theindividual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______, ________for help,while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while in extended-familyculture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel that they had _______if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent; receiving; material;get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”; independent; giving;emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free; earning; financial; getinvolvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent; giving; spiritual; gettogether.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually ________ for allpractical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way,offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when being askedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; without waiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese friends give each other emotionalsupport, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to encourage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship b etween parents and married sons, in China, aman’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother, a man should ____________.At most he might hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________. In America, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ than that with his wife.He would be expected to ______________. He might even be counseled to _______________ the vicinity of his parents’ home to ease the conflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with his father; honorabl e; moreimportant; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; less important; sidewith his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable; more important;side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral; dishonorable; less important;side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is a hierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small, while inAmerica, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of “face”, and “face” has thesame social significance for these countries in that one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to “opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is to look upward, for theHindu is to look inward, for the Confucians is to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware of them, and we makejudgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than o ne of only two possiblechoices. People everywhere possess the same values to different degrees, and the importance of that common value, how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree.( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.I n both China and Western countries, it is very common and usual for adults tofondle other people’s babies and very small children to show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into on e harmonious identity. 天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response in Nature.天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in the company of “redness”,but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch.轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires。
