英语句子分类

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英语句子分类

初中英语语法之句子的种类

英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。

陈述句:This is a dog.

疑问句:Is this a dog?

祈使句:Open your eyes!

感叹句:What a beautiful building it is!

1 陈述句

凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”,通常用降调。

Eg: We live in Beijing.

We don’t live in Beijing.

(1) be 动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句

01. be 动词的否定句

句型:主语 + be动词 + not + …

I wasn’t good at English.

They weren’t at home yesterday.

He isn’t my cousin.

02 情态动词的否定句

句型:主语 +情态动词 + not + 动词原形

Eg:I can’t do it myself.

You mustn’t take the books out.

You must not go there alone.

03 一般动词的否定句

句型:主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形

They didn’t live in Shanghai.

He doesn’t do his homework every day. They didn’t have the class-meeting yesterday afternoon.

04现在完成时的否定句

句型:主语 + have/has+ not + 动词的过去分词+……

I haven’t finished reading the book yet.

He hasn’t had his breakfast yet.

05过去完成时的否定句

句型:主语 + had+ not + 动词的过去分词+……

He hadn’t finished reading the book by the end of last

month.

(2).否定结构应注意事项

01 使用not 的部分否定

含有not的句子,如果使用了very, always以及不定代词all, both,

every及every的复合词,则表示部分否定。

I don’t play football very well.

It isn’t always hot here in summer.

02 not的其他否定表示

1. not… at all 一点也不…

I’m not tired at all.

I don’t like it at all.

2. not…any more, not… any longer 再也不…

I don’t live here any longer. = I no long live here.

I can not eat any more. = I can eat no more.

03 使用not 以外的否定词表示否定

1.用no表示:no+名词= not any…一点也不…

There is no wind. = There is not any wind.

2. never 绝不

I will never forget you.

He has never been abroad.

3. few / little 几乎没有

He has few friends. Few people understand the difference.

I have little money.

There is little water in the glass.

4. no one = nobody 无人

No one knows the answer.= Nobody knows the answer.

5.nothing = not anything 什么也没有

I have nothing to do today.

6. none of …没有任何人;什么也没有

None of them can answer it.

I eat none of the food.

7.含有否定副词seldom /hardly的句子

He can hardly write his name.

We seldom watch TV.

04 too…to…(太…以至于不….) 的句型表示否定

He is too old to work.

2 祈使句

表示请求、命令。建议等。句子没有时态变化,谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语,句末用感叹号或者句号,用降调。

含有第二人称主语的祈使句

Be careful!

Don’t make such a noise.

01 肯定的祈使

句型动词原形+ …+(省略主语)

Stand up.

Be quiet, please.

有时,为了加强语气,可以在动词之前加do.

Do sit down.

Do study hard.

用客气的语气表示祈使句时,可在句首或句尾加上please,但如果在句尾加 please时,那在please 之前一定要加一个逗号“,”。 Go this way, please.

祈使句中如果有唤语,一定要用逗号“,”隔开,放在句首或句尾。

Li Ming, come here.

Come here, Li Ming.

02 否定的祈使句

句型 Don’t +动词原形+…

Don’t swim in the river.

Don’t be late.

Please don’t be noisy.

句型转换之祈使句和陈述句的改写

祈使句= You must…

Come here. = You must come here.

Don’t do that again. = You mustn’t do that again.

Please + 祈使句= Will you (please)…?

Please help me. = Will you (please) me ?

2 含有第一、第三人称主语的祈使句

Let’s say goodbye here.

Don’t let him do that again.

01 肯定的祈使句

句型 let+第一人称(me, us)+动词原形+…

let+第三人称代词(him/her/it/them)或名词+动词原形+…

let me try again.

Let’s go at once.

Let Tom go there himself.

02 否定的祈使句

Let’s + not + 动词原形+…

Don’t let + 第三人称代词的宾格或名词+动词原形+…

Let’s not say anything about it.

Don’t let them play with fire. 句型转换

Use your head and you will find a way.

If you use your head, you will find a way.

3 感叹句

感叹句通常有what, how引导,表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what修饰名词,how 修饰形容词,副词或动词,感叹句结构主要有以下几种:掌握它的搭配,即掌握了感叹句的重点。

How +形容词+ a +名词+ 陈述语序。例如:How clever a boy

he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!

How+形容词或副词+陈述语序。例如:How lovely the baby is!

小毛头真可爱!

What +名词+陈述语序。例如:What noise they are making!

他们真吵!

What +a/an+形容词+名词+陈述语序。例如:What a clever

boy he is! 他是多聪明的孩子!

What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序。例如:What wonderful

ideas (we have)! 我们的主意真棒!What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序。例如:What cold weather it is! 多冷的天!

What a clever boy he is!的省略形式为:What a clever boy!

what + n.:What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊!

What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀!

how + adj.:How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀!

how + adv. :How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀!

How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀!

How + adj. + a (an) + n.

How nice a boy (he is)!=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊!

【专项训练】:

一、陈述句和疑问句: 1、They happy when they hear the news.

A.will B.will be C.were D.don’t

3、We satisfied with their work.

A.don’t B.are not C.won’t D.weren’t being

4、He coffee at all. He tea.

A.doesn’t like, prefers B.likes, doesn’t prefer

C.would like, not prefers D.prefers, is not fond of

5、She me only twice since last year.

A.sees B.was seeing C.has seen D.have seen

6、My grandma in the country. Now she in the city.

A.used to live, lives B.used to living, lived

C.uses to live, is living D.was used to live, lives

7、You make such mistakes again.

A.should never B.should not always

C.would always not D.would not forever

10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it.

A.usually drinks B.is usually drunk

C.usually is drunk D.drank usually

11、“Is she going to the post office?”“No, .”