《呼啸山庄》的婚恋悲剧分析

摘要：《呼啸山庄》是爱米莉的唯一一部作品，而爱情则是该书的焦点，书中描写了凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫、凯瑟琳和林顿、希斯克厉夫和依莎贝拉、小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间的不同的感情，说明在艾米莉心中,爱情必由天性的相近产生,由对天性的忠诚而成功,爱情的幸福只来源于对天性的忠诚；然而他们的爱情却均以悲剧告终。

本文在分析他们之间爱情的基础上并对悲剧根源做必要的探究。

关键词：《呼啸山庄》爱情悲剧因素爱情是《呼啸山庄》中的焦点，书中描写了凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫、凯瑟琳和林顿、希斯克厉夫和依莎贝拉、小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间的不同的感情，然而他们的爱情果实却都是苦涩的，都以悲剧告终。

艾米莉·勃朗特想告诉读者的是爱情可以是狂野、自由和无坚不摧,也可以平和绵延如旭日阳光,两种爱情之间没有褒贬,但无论哪种爱情必由天性的相近产生,由对天性的忠诚而成功,爱情的基点是天性,爱情的幸福只来源于对天性的忠诚。

一、凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫凯瑟琳和希斯克厉夫之间的爱情是深沉、激烈而狂热的。

在对压迫的共同对抗中,希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳结为同盟,保持着精神上的高度契合。

他们情感的纽带也越系越紧,直到最后不可分离。

而他们之间的情感纽带是在无意识中形成的,甚至连他们自己都没有意识到,直到一切的变故发生之后。

凯瑟琳十分真挚地爱着希斯克利夫,但现实是无情的,一贫如洗的孤儿希斯克利夫无法给她以生活的基本保障。

最终他决定嫁给画眉田庄的男主人埃德加·林顿，而在凯瑟琳对爱情的背叛又使他们相继迷失了真正的自我，希斯克厉夫无止尽的报复中，他们彼此伤害，继而自我分裂的痛苦又使他们踏上了追寻自我的艰苦历程；在死前的那一刻，她才有足够的勇气去面对自己的内心，而当一切都明了之后，希斯克厉夫在小凯瑟琳和小哈里顿之间看到了他们的影子，这时他才觉得着一切的报复是毫无意义可言的，他也将在痛苦和内疚之中或下去。

最后,在死神的拥抱中,他们的自我得以复归,重返最初的和谐。

在凯瑟琳心中是由于背叛而变得黑暗的爱情,希克利的痛苦,以及无法分割的不同人的关系———希克利、林顿,给她带来的缠绕和痛苦,这种痛苦一直延续到她死前,在死前,她在意的并不是自己的生死,她在意的是与希克利恢复以往的那种“你就是我,他比我更像我自己”的关系,并永不再分开,也就是说,她祈求的是抹去背叛的痕迹,祈求的是本性的回归和灵魂的复合。

从呼啸山庄看男女关系的悲剧《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典之作，这部作品以其深刻的情感、复杂的人物关系和激烈的冲突，展现了一段令人唏嘘不已的男女关系悲剧。

故事中的男女主角，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳，他们的爱情从一开始就充满了矛盾和挣扎。

凯瑟琳出生在富裕的家庭，而希斯克利夫则是一个被收养的流浪儿。

社会地位的悬殊，使得他们的爱情从萌发之际就面临着巨大的压力。

凯瑟琳内心深处深爱着希斯克利夫，然而她的虚荣心和对世俗观念的屈服，让她最终选择嫁给了富有且地位显赫的埃德加。

这一抉择，成为了悲剧的导火索。

对于希斯克利夫来说，凯瑟琳的背叛是致命的打击，他的内心被仇恨所占据，从此走上了复仇的道路。

希斯克利夫的复仇行为，不仅伤害了曾经伤害过他的人，也深深伤害了他自己和他所爱的人。

他的仇恨让他变得冷酷无情，失去了人性中的善良和温暖。

而凯瑟琳在婚后，虽然物质生活富足，但精神上却陷入了极度的痛苦和矛盾之中。

她意识到自己真正爱的是希斯克利夫，却无法挽回自己的错误选择。

男女关系中的沟通不畅也是导致悲剧的一个重要因素。

希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳都没有能够坦诚地表达自己的内心感受，而是选择将情感深埋在心底，或者用极端的方式来表达。

这种缺乏有效沟通的状况，使得他们之间的误会越来越深，最终无法挽回。

再者，社会环境和阶级差异对男女关系产生了极大的影响。

在当时的社会背景下，婚姻往往被视为一种利益的结合，而非纯粹基于爱情。

凯瑟琳在这样的社会压力下，无法勇敢地追求自己的真爱，而希斯克利夫则因为自己低下的社会地位，感到自卑和无力。

此外，人性的弱点在这段男女关系中也起到了推波助澜的作用。

凯瑟琳的虚荣、软弱和希斯克利夫的偏执、极端，都使得他们的爱情在现实的考验面前不堪一击。

他们无法克服自身的弱点，去坚守那份纯粹的爱情。

从《呼啸山庄》中我们可以看到，男女关系的悲剧并非单一因素造成的，而是多种因素相互交织的结果。

社会的压力、人性的弱点、沟通的缺失，都让爱情在残酷的现实面前变得支离破碎。

简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因摘要《呼啸山庄》是由艾米丽·布朗特所创的世界上最伟大的小说之一。

艾米丽在小说中成功的塑造了爱与恨为主题的爱情悲剧故事。

自该小说诞生以来，国内外学者对于《呼啸山庄》主题的研究从未停止。

本文选取希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳爱情故事原因的角度进行探究，致力通过对男女主人公所处的阶级，受到的教育，各自成长环境的变化，及各自性格原因，来分析男女主人公的爱情悲剧。

通过本次研究，能够使读者对希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧有更清晰的理解和认识。

关键词：爱；恨；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；呼啸山庄ContentsAbstract (i)摘要 (ii)1．Introduction. (1)1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering Heights (1)1.2 Introduction of the tragic love story (1)1.3 The structure of this paper (2)2．Literature Review (4)2.1 Review on the oversea studies (4)2.2 Review on the domestic studies (4)3．The External Reasons for the Tragedy (6)3.1 The class barrier (6)3.2 The educational reasons (7)3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and Catherine (7)3.2.2Education conducted by European upper class (7)4．The Internal Reasons for the Tragedy (9)4.1 Catherine’s own reasons (9)4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environment (9)4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personality (9)4.1.3 Catherine’s betrayal (10)4.2 Heathcliff’s own reasons (10)4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environment (11)4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pe rsonality (11)4.2.3 Heathcliff’s revenge (12)5．Conclusion (14)References (15)Acknowledgements (16)1. Introduction1.1Introduction of Emily Bronte and her Wuthering HeightsEmily Jane Bronte (July 30, 1818 – December 19, 1848) was a great British novelist and pet in the 19th century and one of the extraordinary women writers in the literary history of England, and she is also best remembered for her only novel Wuthering Heights, which is now an acknledged classic of English literature.Emily was born at Thornton in Yorkshire. She was the younger sister of Charlotte Bronte, and the fifth of six children. It was the discovery of Emily's poetic talent by her family that led her and her sisters, Charlotte and Anne, to publish jointly a book of poems entitled Poems by Currer, Ellis and Action Bell in 1846. To evade contemporary prejudice against female writers, all three used male pseudonyms, Emily's being "Ellis Bell". She wrote many poems of her own and some of these during her short life, in the form of powerful lyrics. These lyrics have been esteemed highly as passionate utterances of the author’s innermost feelings and thoughts.She subsequently published her only novel, Wuthering Heights, in 1847, a powerful, poetic work, but whose innovative structure somewhat puzzled critics. Although it received mixedreviews when it first came out, the book subsequently became an English literary classic.Wuthering heights depicts the foundling boy Heathcliff after the adoption by the Earnshaw. He lived with Mr. Earnsh aw’s son Hindley and daughter Catherine. Hindley treat Heathcliff badly.He insulted and maltreated Heathcliff in veery possible way afther Mr.Earnshaw’s death. At the same time, peculiar emotion occurred between Cath erine and Heathcliff. Because of her vanity and ignorance, Catherine decided to marry Linton. Heathcliff left with anger. Three years later, Heathcliff returned to revenge. He succeeded in annexing all the property of Hindley’s and the Linton’s. However,Catherine’s ghost pestered him all the time and he died in the dream with Catherine.1.2Introduction of the tragic love storyWuthering Heights shows us the life scenes in a deformity society through a tragic love story, outlines all kinds of the terrible events caused by the human nature in the distorted society. The title of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors of the story (as an adjective, Wuthering is a Yorkshire word referring to turbulent weather). The narrative tale centers on the all-encompassing, passionate, but ultimately doomed love between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, and how this unresolved passion eventually destroys them and the people around them.The plot of story is actually spread gradually through four stages.The first stage describes the childhood life of Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw who the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate every moment; the special feeling between a homeless gypsy boy and an honored, upper-class lady in the unique environment, and their rebel against the tyranny ofCatherine’s brother Hindley.The second stage focuses on describing Catherine as a common lady who pursues the traditional “human love” and denies Heathcliff’s love; at last she married to Layton, a young and rich, educated gentleman, and becomes the mistress of Thrushcross Grange. She admitted Nelly that she loves Layton, because he is young, handsome, and rich and loves her, and the most important one is that he can make her become the most respected woman. While Catherine patted on her forehead and chest said: “In my soul my heart, I know I was wrong.”She also loves Heathcliff, but here love for Heathcliff is derived form “he and I are the same piece of material”. Love, from the pursuit of happiness to the pursuit of oneself, has become just “super-human love”.In the third stage, the novel, by using a lot of words, describes how Heathcliff who is filled with hatred and despair makes all kinds of actions on his revenge. This part is the main theme of the whole story. With the death of Catherine, Edgar, Isabella, Heathcliff’s son and himself, Heathcliff achieves his revenge on those who treated him badly.At last, the novel only narrates the death of Heathcliff, but reveals a brand new change of his minds when he found that Hareton and Cathy fell in love with each other. His minds changes from love, hatred, and revenge to the recovery of human nature, which reveals a light of hope in this tragic love which is full of horror color.In the novel, Heathcliff and Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. Therefore, his minds change from love, hatred, revengeto the revival of human nature, is not only the essence of the novel, but also the theme throughout the whole novel. The author layouts and arranges the changed scene unpredictably according to this theme, sometimes full of dark clouds, wail like ghosts and howl like wolves in the wilderness, and sometimes like the storms blow hard, or in a dark courtyard. The tragic love story is always surrounded in a mysterious and terrible atmosphere.1.3The structure of this paperWuthering Heights is the most unusual novel in the history of English Literature.By describing Catherine and Heathcliff's love; it shows the variation of deformity society, and the distorted humanistic. This article analyzes the book from the reasons of the tradgic love Catherine and Heathcliff. The first chapter is introduction; it gives a brief introduction on Emily Bronte and the Wuthering Heights. The second chapter is literature review, in this part it introduces thestudies of this novel on the oversea and domestic .The third chapter is the external reasons for the tragedy. The fourth is the internal reasons for the tragedy. The last, chapter five, is the conclusion of this paper.2. Literature ReviewToday considered as a classic of English literature, Wuthering Heights was met with mixed reviews when it first appeared, mainly because of mental and physical cruelty of the narrative's stark depiction. Although Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre was generally considered the best of the Bront? sisters' works during most of the nineteenth century, many subsequent critics of Wuthering Heights argued that it was a superior achievement.The novel has been studied, analyzed, and discussed fromevery imaginable critical perspective and from every aspect, yet it remains unexhausted. Most of them are focused on the character of the hero or the complicated love between the characters. Catherine, the heroine of the Wuthering Heights, is a typical tragic role in Western literature. Caterine’s emotional has different changes with different environment.(Chen le,2007).Heathcliff, in Wuthering Heights, is the real dramatic center of the story. Heathcliff is a coalescence of several characters and elements, one is the concept of a man whose mind of hatred is pitiless and ruthless, and another is of a man whose desire for revenge degenerates into avarice (Davy Cecil, 1934). There are man y factors to deal with Heathcliff’s distortion; many of the previous studies attempt to explore the reasons for Heathcliff’s tragedies. In aboard, t hey are respectively Davy. L. Robert’s analysis based on prototype theory, Davy Cecil’s analysis based on b ackgrounds theory and James. C. Janet’s analysis based on love theory.2.1 Review on the oversea studiesAccording to Davy L Robert(1985)，The Prototype of Heathcliff suggests the sensational revenge and tragic characters. He addressed in his The Prototype of Heathcliff that Emily Bronte created the name “Heathcliff” to tell the readers the man’s temperament in a metaphorical way. Davy L Robert argues that the figure of Heathcliff created by Bronte stands for evil and revenge, and he also thinks that Heathcl iff’s prototype would be the devil from hell. According to James C Janet’s (2009) On Bronte’s Wuthering Heights,the relationship determines Heathcliff and Catherine’s love. Their love is thus formed in the rebellion against those social forces, families and classes, which restrict the ideals. Catherine’s choice of love, her choicefondness of wealth, position and social distinction in other words, are the primary reasons for forming Heathcliff’s tragic characters (James C. Janet, 2009). According to Davy Cecil the backgrounds deal a lot with Heathcliff’s distortion. Davy Cecil believes that the change of class state and life experience con tribute a lot to form Heathcliff’s distortion.2.2 Review on the domestic studiesIn China, many scholars combine characteristics and the fate of life experience of character types in Wuthering Heights with author’s personality and characteristic, such as Tang Zheng(2009) believed that, to a certain extent, Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights is just the author’s true portraitu re. In recent years, there are many scholars wrote many articles to discuss the hero Heathcliff. Zhao Yunmei(2009) wrote: Heathcliff’s wild and intractable personality, his stronglove, lonely character and the violent perverse revenge figure, reflect the characteristics of Byron effect. After the rise in symbolism, many scholars also do research in this aspect, such as the Wang Zhe(2011) thought, Emily in her" the one and only " novel used a large number of symbolic description, through images shaping, turns out the understanding to the deep and mystical philosophy of life.3. The External Reasons for the Tragedy3.1 The class barrier reasons for the tragedyIn England, the 18th Century, is an age of the bourgeoisie. The old aristocratic class was fast losing its power politically and economically to the rising urban middle class or bourgeoisie who worked hard, economized and accumulated great wealth and became the mainstream of the nation; the social and economic values were changing and land ownership did not always theman make, it is a world of patriarchal values. Along with the emergence of this "industrial revolution" came a class- conscious society. The new London would benefit the wealthy and the middle class but exploit and oppress the working and poor classes. The social changes taking place in England between 1801 and1847 provides context for an appreciation of Wuthering Heights. As industrialization spread, a growing middle class challenged the position of landed gentry. The Earnshaws and Heathclif f represent this moment. Heathcliff’s rise from an orphaned urchin to landholder in Wuthering Heights is a paradigm for the origins of capitalism within society.Heathcliff was a fatherless child when he was brought into Catherine’s family. He has some wil dness and strength in his bones. Belonging to a lower class, he tries to get his rights by opposing the upper class. He must do what he wants to do and follows his nature but does not care about others’ attitude. His action shows his capricious and resistant character. The influence of Heathcliff and Edgar leads to Catherine’s complex personality---strength, brawniness, a little wildness, dignity and vanity. At the beginning, due to Heathcliff’s influence, Catherine keeps her strength and brawniness.Catherine is very ambivalent in her love .Due to human nature, she loves Heathcliff deeply with childlike passion, and he r soul can’t live without him. But the social culture made her betray the love in order to satisfy her yearning for fame and wealth. She chooses Linton; hereby her love becomes a tragedy. Catherine learns dignity and vanity through contacting with Edgar. Edgar who is proud of his social status is a well-educated gentleman, so his action follows traditional manners. Besides, he is proud of his social status. She wants to marry Edgar to satisfyher vanity, so she is nearer to the social class to which Edgar belongs. In brief, Heathcliff makes Catherine keep her nature, while Edgar guides her into true middle class.Catherine’s utilitarian treatme nt of marriage is entirely caused by the social environment. The world was full of patriarchal values. Women's status was unequal in politics and economics. Their values can only be reflected in their marriage. As to Catherine, she does not overcome her vanity and weakness. The love can not escape from the times. They ruined their best things in this era. Because of this, their love must be a tragic love.In 19th century of England, economy, society, and politics had a great change. At that time, the prosperity of the middle and upper classes and the wrenched condition of the poor differed greatly. People of the underclass hardly had right in law, and destined to be abused by upper classes. Undoubtedly, cruel social environment and fierce class origin are regarded as root for their tragic love. Heathcliff is on behalf of these poor ones. He begins his life as a foundling boyadopted by Mr.Earnshaw. Uncared for and unloved, he lives in a hostile and frightening world in himself, which is caused by the real society. Heathcilff owned almost the love of Mr. Earnshaw, but he is badly treated by young Hindley, whose behaviors even make him distorted humanity. It is the injury inflicted on him during his childhood results in the tragedy later. Even when coming back y ears after Catherine’s marriage with great possessions, Heathcliff does not belong to the upper class because of his poor origin. That is to say, for a person from the lower, no matter how rich one is now, he is always what he is. The discrimination from others make they lose whatever they are longing for, including love, and dignity. The only thing left is toretaliate the world to balance the pain of the loss. More pains, more retaliations. It is natural for the appearance of distortions. In a word, such distortions come from the social reality and Heathcliff is a representative of the effects of cruelty, deprivation and alienation that are the products of civilization.3.2 Educational reasons for the tragedy3.2.1The family education for Heathcliff and CatherineHeathcliff's character determines his tragedy; however the formation of character is inseparable from the growth process of family education. He is a foundling boy; adopted by Mr. Earnshaw His arrival does not get the love and the warmth of family. Mr. Earnshaw’s son Hindley treats Heathcliff badly. After Mr. Earnshaw’s dead, Heathcliff is treated as a servant. He is deprived of dignity, and not educated. At last his only sustenance, Catherine also away marries Linton. He suffers from serious injuries. After that, he made the terrorist revenge for everyone include their descendants.Catherine has a superior family; all the family pampers her, so she has a little capricious. When she was young Mrs. Earnshaw was dead, her father is always busy on the business no time to train and educate her. After Mr. Earnshaw’s death, Heathcliff is misused by Hindley Catherine also be affected. She can not get education, she become a wild child.She wrestles with the self-willed and rational, dead with painful.3.2.2 Education conducted by the European Upper classIn the early 19th Century, when UK was a classic patriarchy society with a strong sense of hierarchy and class contradiction, divided human into several levels. Their working people not only were exploited and oppressed by the corrupt landed aristocracy, but also ruled by the emerging bourgeois nobles. Meanwhilewomen and proletariats were oppressed too, whose personal rights had been deprived. Too much education would "ruin" girls, making them unfit for marriage and motherhood. Consequently, most middle and upper middle class girls were taught little beyond basic reading and writing, and instead were trained in "accomplishments," such as music, drawing, and dancing, to better attract eligible suitors. As far as they were concerned, marriage was the best home they turned to, on which their all success or failure depended. Adiscussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or “trade”—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities.Charlotte Bronte in her preface to the 1850 edition of Wuthering Heights, refers to Edgar as "an example of constancy and tenderness and goes on to suggest that her sister Emily was using Edgar to point out that such characteristics constitute true virtues in all human beings, and not just in women, as society tended to believe. At the top of British society was the royalty, followed by the aristocracy, then by the gentry, and then by the lower classes, who made up the vast majority of the population. The social status of aristocrats was a formal and settled matter, because aristocrats had official titles. A discussion of whether or not a man was really a gentleman would consider such questions as how much land he owned, how many tenants and servants he had, how he spoke, whether he kept horses and a carriage, and whether his money came from land or "trade"—gentlemen scorned banking and commercial activities. Considerations ofclass status often crucially inform the characters' motivations in Wuthering Heights. Catherine's decision to marry Edgar so that she will be "the greatest woman of the neighborhood" is only the most obvious example. The Lintons are relatively firm in their gentry’s status but nonetheless take great pains to prove this status through their behaviors. The shifting nature of social status is demonstrated most strikingly in Heathcliff's trajectory from homeless waif to young gentleman-by-adoption to common laborer to gentleman again (although the status-conscious Lockwood remarks that Heathcliff is only a gentleman in "dress and manners").4. The Internal Reasons for the Tragic Love4.1 Catherine’s own reasons4.1.1 Catherine’s growing environmentCatherine’s change is mainly from her values during the different environment between Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange.Cath erine’s natural environment is stabbed as “wild child”. In her narrow world, Heathcliff isher only stabbed playmates and spirit. Her stay at the grange has brought about changes for her that affect the course of the lives Heathcliff and her own, both present and future. She has awared of the social difference between Heathcliff and herself. She has looked and acted as a lady after she returns to Wuthering Heights. She laughs at Heathcliff's unkempt appearance. When the Lintons visit Catherine the next day, Heathcliff dresses up himself to impress her. It fails when Edgar, one of the Linton children, argues with him. Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. Unfortunately she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status andeducation. She therefore plans to marry Edgar who is a cultured gentleman with enough wealth to make herself as the greatness woman of the neighborhood. In fact, Catherine is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Heathcliff has overheard the first part about not being able to marry him and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three years, Edgar and Catherine are married.4.1.2 Catherine’s dual personalitiesCatherine’s character is filled with contradictions. On one hand, she is pure and free; on the other hand, she is selfish and vanity, which cause her into a dilemma since Edgar proposed her, and makes her mind collapse at last and she dies in childbirth.In the childhood, Catherine has the spirit of revolting, she always reacts against her father and her brother. During the process, she falls in love with Heathcliff. And she can bear all the punishment from her brother, except the separation from Heathcliff. "Without Heathcliff", she says, "the universe would turn to a mighty stranger". (Emily Bronte, 2005)As she grows up, Catherine hates the meaningless freedom. She seems to become another person after back home from Thorncross Grange. Catherin’s alternative could be easily found in many aspects: the changes of her manners, dress and social attitudes. Her dress is suitable in the Grange rather than in the Heights and she has become used to a life that is centered on the inside of houses and she can do no work. She has accustomed to such a style of living: others work for her, produce for her and satisfy her needs. She is attracted by the “cultural life” in the Lintons, and she starts to long for it.Catherine has thrown herself into a dilemma since EdgarLinton proposed her. She is eager for the honorable life in Thorncross Grange, where she can become a rich and great woman, but she also loves Heathcliff with her soul, just like she said to Nelly "My love for Edgar is like the foliage in the woods: time will change it, I'm well aware, as winter changes the trees. My love for Heathcliff resembles the eternal rocks beneath: a source of little visible delight, but necessary. Nelly, I am Heathcliff"(Emily Bronte, 2005)The duality of Catherine's character revealed a crisis point with her marriage to Edgar - the one event in the novel above all others which determine the futures of the central characters. Catherine's marriage to him is a betrayal of her nature. Not only has she broken with her kindredspirit, Heathcliff, but she has physically removed herself from the wildness and freedom from the Heights. Catherine's marriage to Edgar and her rejection of Heathcliff is a rejection of herself. This choice made by Catherine favored wealth, civilization and social position over her natural affinity with the untamed, uncivilized world represented by Heathcliff.Catherine’s dual characters cause her tragedy, which has aroused the readers’ sympathy. As she lies dying, she says，“I wish I were girl again, half savage and hardy, and free, and laughing at injuries, not maddening under them! Why am I so changed?”(Emily Bronte,2005) she regrets her choice but now she has to face it and gives up her life at last.4.1.3Catherine’s betrayalWhen Catherine is a little girl, she is pure and free, she loves Heathcliff without minding his identity, and she falls in love with Heathcliff and bears all the punishment from her brother. But when she encounters Edgar, she realizes that from him she canget more respects and she would be the greatness woman of the neighborhood. She knows that she would never marry Healthcliff. In her heart, she still loves Heathcliff but she is totally absorbed in the new way of life and values as her spirit and nature belong to upper-class. Compared with Heathcliff, Linton is young, handsome, rich and in love with her. The most important is Linton can make her become the most respected woman. Catherine is a faithful partner of Heathcliff, they develop the true love in common resistance. However, Catherine finally betrays Heathcliff.Catherine’s betrayal of Heathcliff is the distortion of her personality and self-betrayal.The relationship determines the nature of their love. Their demand for love is conveyed in the process of their struggle for individual fulfillment and humanity.Catherine shows her passionate love for Heathliff and inseparability of them. But the nature of love should be explored within a context, because the novel shows love is based on mutual bullion and mutual aspirations. Catherine eventually betrays Heathcliff and becomes the mistress of Thrush cross Grange.Seduction by the glamour of the Grange is the beginning of Catherine’s change and distortion.Because Catherine is kind, she loves Heathcliff by the mercy. Because of her vanity, selfish and arrogant, she had betrayed her love to marry Edgar. Eventually Catherine becomes all the fuses of the tragedy. Catherine has been living in the pain of contradiction, her efforts herself to become an upper-class lady. She chooses to marry Linton, the real gentleman, although she still loves healthcliff. After the marriage, Catherine is still not out of pain, and contradictions until her death. Because her betrayal, a direct result of the tragic misfortune of her life, because her death, Heathcliff makes all the crazy revenge.So Catherine’s betrayal is the beginni ng of his own personal hell; for Heathcliff，Catherine’s betrayal is the turning point of his life; For Heathcliff, Catherine’s b etrayal leads him to cruel punishment or treatment to anyone who has relationship with Catherine or anyone he hates.4.2Heathcl iff’s own reasons4.2.1 Heathcliff’s growing environmentYoung Heathcliff’s childhood is full of both half-happiness and half-sadness, and it formats his life experience and social status and distorts his nature at the same time.A homeless gypsy boy named “Heathcliff” was abandoned by his parents after he was born, and this has a huge influence on his unreasonable disposition. Later he was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw. He is treated well by Mr. Earnshaw, and from Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff learns the kindness. The children of the Earnshaw family are the teenaged Hindley and his younger sister, Catherine. Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's affections and becomes bitterly jealous of Heathcliff. However, Catherine grows much attached to him. After Mr. Earnshaw dies, Hindley becomes master of Wuthering Heights, and forces Heathcliff to become a servant instead of a member of the family and exterts tyranny on Heathcliff. Despite the abuse of Hindley, Heathcliff still endure and tolerate on the support of Cathe rine’s love until they meet the Lintons . The seed of hatred has planted in his heart gradually. So his character is formed in this discrimination and betrayal of Catherine, both kindness and cruelty during his teenage time.4.2.2 Heathcliff’s extreme pers onalitiesHeathcliff is an orphan taken to Wuthering Heights by Mr. Earnshaw and reluctantly cared for by the rest of the family. Heand Catherine later grow close, and their love becomes the central theme of the first volume; his revenge and its consequences are the main theme of the second volume. So his extreme character is love and hatred.At first, Heathcliff is a pure and kind boy. When Mr. Earnshaw died, Heathcliff was very sad and made a heart-breaking cry. From this we can see his natural kindness character. He also has a strong love in his heart. It is the love that is natural and pure. He loves Catherine so much and faithfully and long-lasting. Only when he learned that Catherine was engaged with Edgar Linton, he left Wuthering Heights with angry, before this happened, he never thought that he would leave here for any reason, even when Hindley treated his badly. That’s because of his love for Catherine that gave him the hope. After three years, when he returned to Wuthering Heights, he still loves Catherine. Only having Catherine’s love, he can own the happiness.Heathcliff’s death for love expresses his everlasting love for Catherine, and the resurgence of his human nature.Due to the unfair life, misery experience and the betrayal love of Catherine, he becomes cruel, selfish and fierce. He deprived Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange step by step. He also hurts the young generation, making Cathy marry to his sick son. For revenge, Heathcliff‘s heart is distorted, of course, we admit that his revenge on people who had hurt his is successful. But his revenge is pointless; he spent all his life on revenge and at last, he lives lonely and is empty in spirit. He finally dies and achieves the reunion with Catherine.Healthcliff himself is contradicting. On one hand, he is kind and pure in nature; on the other hand, he becomes cruel when he returns to Wuthering Heights and take revenge on people。

呼啸山庄希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳的爱恨情仇呼啸山庄，这座位于英格兰乡间的宅邸，见证了希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳之间的悲剧爱情。

他们的爱恨情仇渗透在这座庄园的每个角落，成为人们传颂的传奇故事。

希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳是两个深爱着对方的灵魂，然而，由于外界的种种因素和人性的脆弱，他们命运多舛，最终无法得到彼此的完美爱情。

希斯克利夫，一个贫穷但野心勃勃的孤儿，在遇见凯瑟琳之前，一直受到社会地位的限制和歧视。

他用傲慢和不羁的姿态面对这个世界，同时对凯瑟琳敞开心扉。

然而，凯瑟琳却嫁给了他的好友爱德加。

这样的背叛让希斯克利夫深陷痛苦中，他将对整个世界的愤怒都归咎于凯瑟琳及其家族。

凯瑟琳，一个美丽而自私的女子，虽然深爱着希斯克利夫，但出于家族的利益和社会地位的考虑，选择了与他毫不相干的男子结婚。

然而，她始终无法割舍对希斯克利夫的感情。

婚后，凯瑟琳一方面享受着与爱德加的幸福生活，一方面又时常陷入对希斯克利夫的思念与懊悔之中。

命运的捉弄让希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳在生与死之间徘徊。

在凯瑟琳去世后，希斯克利夫陷入了对她的思念和憎恨之中。

他将自己封闭在呼啸山庄中，沉浸在对凯瑟琳的回忆中。

希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的爱如烈火般燃烧，却又像风暴般席卷他的内心。

他在对凯瑟琳的幻想中找寻慰藉，同时对她留下的女儿凯瑟琳展开报复。

凯瑟琳的女儿凯瑟琳，或许是注定要重演她父母悲剧的角色。

她与赫斯顿庄园的主人哈顿相爱，却被希斯克利夫强行分开。

希斯克利夫试图通过迫使凯瑟琳与自己的儿子拉任斯结婚来实现对凯瑟琳的复仇，然而，这种仇恨与报复行为却只是进一步加剧了悲剧的发生。

凯瑟琳因希斯克利夫的阻挠而与哈顿的感情逐渐破裂，最终导致了哈顿的自杀。

整个故事中，爱与恨交织在一起，形成了希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间复杂的情感关系。

他们深爱对方，却又因为外界的限制和自身的欲望而无法得到彼此。

希斯克利夫的爱既是对凯瑟琳的迷恋，也是对自我价值的肯定；凯瑟琳既是对希斯克利夫的情感依赖，也是对现实世界的逃避。

从呼啸山庄中学到的爱情教训《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典之作，这部作品以其强烈的情感、复杂的人物关系和深刻的主题而闻名。

在阅读这部作品的过程中，我们可以从中汲取许多关于爱情的宝贵教训。

爱情不应被仇恨扭曲。

希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的爱情，原本是纯真而热烈的。

然而，由于社会地位的差异和外界的压力，他们的爱情遭遇了重重阻碍。

希斯克利夫在失去凯瑟琳后，心中充满了仇恨，这种仇恨逐渐扭曲了他对爱情的理解和追求。

他的复仇行动不仅伤害了他人，也让自己陷入了无尽的痛苦之中。

这让我们明白，仇恨会蒙蔽我们的双眼，让我们失去对爱情的正确判断和追求。

当我们遭遇爱情的挫折时，不能让仇恨占据内心，而是要学会以宽容和理解去面对，才能让爱情保持原本的美好。

爱情需要彼此的理解和包容。

凯瑟琳在面对爱情时，内心充满了矛盾。

她既爱着希斯克利夫的灵魂，又渴望着林顿所代表的社会地位和财富。

她没有真正理解希斯克利夫的内心痛苦，也没有坚定地选择和他站在一起。

而希斯克利夫也没有充分理解凯瑟琳的无奈和挣扎。

这导致了他们之间的误会越来越深，最终酿成了悲剧。

在现实生活中，情侣之间难免会有分歧和矛盾，如果不能相互理解和包容，就很容易让爱情出现裂痕。

我们应该学会站在对方的角度去思考问题，尊重对方的选择和感受，这样才能让爱情长久地维持下去。

爱情不是占有，而是成全。

希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的爱近乎疯狂的占有欲。

他认为只有将凯瑟琳完全据为己有，才是真正的爱情。

然而，这种极端的占有欲最终导致了凯瑟琳的早逝和他自己的痛苦。

真正的爱情应该是希望对方幸福，而不是将对方束缚在自己的身边。

当我们爱一个人的时候，应该给予对方足够的自由和空间，让对方能够追求自己的梦想和幸福。

如果我们的爱成为了对方的负担，那么这种爱就失去了它原本的意义。

爱情需要面对现实的考验。

在《呼啸山庄》中，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情受到了社会地位、财富、家族等现实因素的影响。

他们没有足够的勇气和能力去对抗这些现实的压力，最终导致了爱情的悲剧。

《呼啸山庄》一段“全军覆没”的三角恋，写尽了爱情中人性的贪婪22岁的凯瑟琳决定嫁给漂亮、年轻、活泼、有钱并且爱他的埃德加了。

嫁给他后她会成为画眉山庄的主人，会成为附近最了不起的女人。

但是，在她内心深处最深爱着另一个人。

这个人除了爱她一无所有，嫁给他就得做乞丐。

她虽然选择了嫁给埃德加，但是心里却不放下希刺克厉夫。

她说：世上每一个林惇（埃德加）都可以化为乌有，我绝不能够答应放弃希刺克厉夫。

鱼和熊掌不可兼得，最后三个人都不得善终。

艾米莉.勃朗特用灰暗的笔触勾勒了在扭曲的人性下三个人热烈、痛苦又绝望的爱。

在英国史上被称为“最奇特的小说”。

英国当代著名小说家毛姆也曾说：我想不出另外还有哪本书把爱情的痛苦、欢乐和残酷无情表现得如此强有力。

毛姆指的就是凯瑟琳、希刺克厉夫和埃德加的这段三角恋。

而美丽的凯瑟琳的选择就是悲剧的根源。

在爱情中，她太自私，太贪婪。

她既放不下那种刻骨铭心的灵魂之爱，又舍不得俗世中的体面与尊贵，当鱼与熊掌不可兼得时，她却想把这些全部握在自己的手中。

01.那段刻骨铭心的灵魂之爱，至死她都不愿意放下希刺克厉夫是个孤儿，8岁时被老恩萧（凯瑟琳的父亲）带回来呼啸山庄。

进入山庄后，他饱受冷眼和欺辱，只有小凯瑟琳真心对他。

恩萧先生去世后，年轻的恩萧先生（凯瑟琳的哥哥）开始管家，希刺克厉夫的日子过得更艰难了，但是他并不放在心上，因为无论是快乐还是惩罚，凯瑟琳都与他同在：凯瑟琳会把她所学的都交给他，会陪他在地里干活或玩耍；希刺克厉夫受罚挨打，凯瑟琳则被罚不许吃饭；副牧师留许多章节给凯瑟琳背诵，希刺克厉夫被打得胳膊疼……但只要他们在一起，一切不快都会烟消云散，他们像野人一样生长。

在这朝夕相对、同甘共苦的岁月中，他们的心越走越近，彼此爱上了对方。

爱你等于爱自己，凯瑟琳自己就说过：不论我的灵魂是什么做成了，他的和我的是一模一样的。

两个相似的灵魂完全契合，爱在他们心里扎根。

但是，凯瑟琳还是背叛了爱情。

一个偶然的机会凯瑟琳在画眉山庄住了五个星期，当她再回到呼啸山庄时，她的言行举止发生了巨大的改变：她不再时一个不戴帽子的小野人，而是一个从一匹漂亮的小黑马身上下来的一个非常端庄的人。

呼啸山庄的爱情悲剧根源1.凯瑟琳自我背叛和自我迷失○1自我背叛：凯瑟琳·恩肖和她父亲从利物浦捡回来的流浪儿希斯克利夫之间的爱情是从小就埋下了种子。

他们性格相似，从小就青梅竹马，两小无猜，心心相印。

然而，凯瑟琳和希斯克利夫对画眉田庄的一次偶然的造访改变了这一切。

此后凯瑟琳离开呼啸山庄，嫁给了林顿。

其实，凯瑟琳决定嫁给林顿，不是因为她爱林顿，而是因为林顿年轻漂亮，无忧无虑，又有钱，又爱她。

其实她己心里很清楚，她深爱的人是希斯克利夫，在遇到林顿之前，她也从没想过要嫁给别人。

“在艾米莉看来，凯瑟琳和林顿的不能相容意味着人性中最强大的激情是无法被道德化、文明化的，它超出两者的界域之外，凯瑟琳背弃希斯克利夫而选择嫁给林顿意味着她背弃了深层的自我，从此遭受自我失落的痛苦。

”凯瑟琳对自己的本性，也即“自我”的背弃，是该小说中一切悲剧的起源。

○2自我迷失：凯瑟琳违着心嫁给了林顿，背叛了自己的爱情，也背叛了希斯克利夫的爱情。

她背弃希斯克利夫而选择嫁给林顿就意味着她背叛了她自由的天性，意味着她背弃了深层的自我，于是她只能从此遭受痛苦和悔恨，从此陷入无尽的孤寂中，灵魂不再完整。

这种“自我”的迷失，作者在小说开头就以“迷路孩子”的意象进行了铺垫。

在小说第三章，凯瑟琳第一次以一个无家可归的游魂形象出现在洛克伍德的梦中。

尽管凯瑟琳婚后的生活表面上看似平静美满，她也尽量使自己成为画眉田山庄优雅的女主人，可她的本性里充溢着荒原狂野的气息，她的身体里躲着一只野兽，这只野兽只是暂时安眠而已。

现实与梦幻纠结在一起，表现了凯瑟琳被两个爱人分裂的痛楚。

对于凯瑟琳来说，只有摆脱了肉体的束缚，才能与爱人在灵魂上合二为一。

最终，凯瑟琳在精神错乱的状态下死去，其灵魂在荒原上久久徘徊，不肯离去。

离开了呼啸山庄，离开了希斯克利夫，凯瑟琳就等于失去了她的另一个自己，迷失了自我的她犹如一只迷途的羔羊，一个无家可归的流浪儿，只能在孤独中承受漂泊之苦。

呼啸山庄中的爱情与复仇呼啸山庄是英国作家艾米莉·勃朗特的代表作之一，以其复杂的情节和深刻的主题而闻名于世。

本文将讨论呼啸山庄中的爱情与复仇，并探究这两种情感在小说中的体现和作用。

第一部分：爱情的跌宕起伏呼啸山庄中的爱情一直贯穿始终，牵动着整个故事的发展。

最杰出的爱情线索莫过于希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳之间的情感纠葛。

希斯克利夫深爱着凯瑟琳，但她却嫁给了另一个男人，爱德众德。

这种无法得到回应的爱让希斯克利夫痛苦不已，种下了复仇的种子。

然而，凯瑟琳的婚姻并没有给她带来幸福。

她内心深处仍然对希斯克利夫怀有感情，而与爱德众德的婚姻却令她感到束缚和不满。

凯瑟琳的死使这段爱情无法有所进展，同时也使希斯克利夫的复仇欲望更加炽热。

另一对爱情线索是小说中的第二代人物，凯瑟琳的女儿凯瑟琳·厄肖。

她爱着希斯克利夫的儿子拉金，但两人之间的感情也受到了复仇的影响。

拉金因为家族仇怨而变得冷漠和残忍，使凯瑟琳痛苦不堪。

尽管爱情在他们之间存在，但复仇的阴影使这段感情注定要经历挫折和痛苦。

第二部分：复仇的残酷与无情呼啸山庄中的复仇主题贯穿始终，给小说增添了紧张和悲剧色彩。

希斯克利夫经历了辛苦的童年，在知道自己无法与凯瑟琳在一起后，他发誓要向整个厄肖家族报仇。

他以残酷和无情的手段对待厄肖家族的成员，特别是凯瑟琳的家人，以满足自己内心的痛苦和愤怒。

拉金也被复仇的阴影笼罩着，他对厄肖家族怀有深仇大恨。

他虽然爱着凯瑟琳，但他选择了以痛苦和折磨的方式对待她，只因为她的姓氏。

复仇成为了拉金生活中的主旋律，使他失去了自己的人性和善良。

第三部分：爱情与复仇的交织爱情和复仇在呼啸山庄中相互交织，共同构成了小说的核心。

希斯克利夫的复仇源于他对凯瑟琳的爱，而凯瑟琳对希斯克利夫的爱也是复仇的对象。

他们的爱和复仇之间形成了一种不可分割的联系，推动了整个故事的发展。

凯瑟琳和拉金之间的爱情也受到了复仇的影响。

拉金的复仇心理使他变得冷酷和无情，让凯瑟琳痛苦不堪。

呼啸山庄名著的悲剧内核是什么《呼啸山庄》是英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特的经典之作，这部作品以其深刻的情感、复杂的人物关系和强烈的悲剧色彩而著称。

那么，其悲剧内核究竟是什么呢？首先，社会阶级的差距与束缚是酿成悲剧的重要因素之一。

故事中的希斯克利夫是一个被恩肖先生收养的吉普赛弃儿，他在呼啸山庄中处于社会底层，饱受歧视和压迫。

而凯瑟琳作为恩肖家的小姐，尽管与希斯克利夫相爱，却在面对社会的压力和自身对地位、财富的渴望时，选择了嫁给画眉田庄的林顿先生。

这种社会阶级的差异使得他们的爱情无法自由发展，最终走向悲剧。

希斯克利夫因为社会地位的低下，无法获得与凯瑟琳平等的爱情权利，而凯瑟琳也因为无法摆脱社会对于阶级和婚姻的固有观念，背叛了自己的真心。

这种社会现实的残酷束缚，让他们的爱情在萌芽之初就注定了要遭受重重磨难。

其次，人性的扭曲与复仇是悲剧的主要推动力。

希斯克利夫在遭受爱情的背叛和社会的不公后，性格变得扭曲和极端。

他心中充满了仇恨，发誓要对所有伤害过他的人进行报复。

他通过阴谋和残忍的手段，夺取了画眉田庄的财产，并让林顿和凯瑟琳的后代都陷入了痛苦之中。

他的复仇行为不仅伤害了别人，也让自己的灵魂深陷黑暗，永远无法得到解脱。

在复仇的过程中，他失去了自我，变成了一个被仇恨驱使的魔鬼。

然而，当他的复仇计划一一实现时，他并没有获得真正的快乐和满足，反而陷入了更深的痛苦和孤独。

这表明，复仇并不能治愈内心的伤痛，反而会让人陷入无尽的悲剧之中。

再者，爱情的复杂与矛盾也是这部作品悲剧内核的关键所在。

凯瑟琳对希斯克利夫的爱是深沉而热烈的，但她同时也渴望过上富裕、体面的生活。

这种内心的矛盾让她在爱情和现实之间摇摆不定，最终做出了错误的选择。

她以为嫁给林顿可以满足自己的物质需求和社会地位，但却忽略了自己内心真正的情感需求。

而希斯克利夫对凯瑟琳的爱则是纯粹而执着的，他无法接受凯瑟琳的背叛，这种强烈的爱转化为了无尽的恨。

他们之间的爱情充满了误解、挣扎和痛苦，最终以凯瑟琳的早逝和希斯克利夫的孤独终老而告终。