大学英语第四册读写教材练习答案(1-5单元)
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21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案UNIT1TEXT AII1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution whicha person makes or has made to human civilization.2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.7.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.8.The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the bestform of motivation.IV1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.moraleV1.left behind2.rise3.made history4.were endowed with5.put up with6.going nowhere7.ifocuses on8.be built on9.put in e up with 11.take charge 12.set...apartVIefficiency emergency fluency frequencyproficiency tendency urgency sufficiency1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5.tendency6.frequencyVII1.For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time — it's that they don't have good study habits.2.Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.3.The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.5.You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.VIII1.President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations.puters don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3.We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4.He dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5.Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.IXBCBAD DCABA DABCAX西蒙顿说,如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话,那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
⼤学英语读写教程4课后答案⼤学英语读写教程4课后答案【篇⼀:新视野⼤学英语读写教程4课后习题⽂本】lass=txt>unit 1-----------------------------------------------------------------------------have you ever known anyone famous? if so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. youmay have even heard them object to people saying there is anything different about them. im really just a normalguy,protests an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. there is, of course, usually a brief period while they are popular when they actually start to believe they are asgreat as their worshipping fans suggest. they start to wearfancy clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. this period, however, does not often last long.they fall back to reality as fast as they had originally risenabove it all. what will it feel like to soar to such altitude andlook down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? and what will it feel like to have flown so high only to wake from your dream and realize you are only human? some only seethe cruelty in losing something they had gained. they often make desperate attempts to regain what they lost. often these efforts result in even greater pain. some become bankrupt financially and emotionally. the only real winners are thosewho are happy to be back on the ground withthe rest of us.你有没有认识过任何名⼈?如果是这样的话,你可能会发现他们和我们其他⼈有着惊⼈的相似。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL>Unit One<DIV&NBSP;&NBSP;CLASS=MSONORMAL>III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案UNIT1TEXT AII1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution whicha person makes or has made to human civilization.2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.7.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.8.The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the bestform of motivation.IV1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.moraleV1.left behind2.rise3.made history4.were endowed with5.put up with6.going nowhere7.ifocuses on8.be built on9.put in e up with 11.take charge 12.set...apartVIefficiency emergency fluency frequencyproficiency tendency urgency sufficiency1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5.tendency6.frequencyVII1.For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time — it's that they don't have good study habits.2.Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.3.The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.5.You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.VIII1.President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations.puters don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3.We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4.He dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5.Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.IXBCBAD DCABA DABCAX西蒙顿说,如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话,那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in whichit has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming everynight, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for nottrying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; wewould do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his sonwould one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same istrue of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Section AIII. 1. idle 2. justify 3. discount 4. distinct 5. minute 6.accused 7. object 8. contaminate 9. sustain 10. worshipIV. 1. accusing... of 2. end up 3. came upon 4. at her worst 5. pay for 6. run a risk of 7. participate in 8. other than 9. object to/objected 10. at bestV. 1. K 2. G 3. C 4. E 5. N 6.O 7.I 8. L 9. A 10. DVI. 1. delay 2. pain 3. hardship 4. suffering 5. fever 6. defeat 7. poverty 8. treatment 9. noise 10. agonyVII. 1. justify 2. glorify 3. exemplifies 4. classified 5. purified 6. intensify 7. identify 8. terrified VIII. 1. bravery 2. jewelry 3. delivery 4. machinery 5. robbery 6. nursery 7. scenery 8. discovery IX. 1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX. 1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyXI. 1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII. l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案21世纪大学英语读写教程(第四册)课后习题参考答案UNIT1TEXT AII1.He defines greatness as the lasting contribution whicha person makes or has made to human civilization.2.The example of Churchill shows the importance of persistence and dedication in achieving greatness.3.Firstborns and only children tend to make good leaders in times of crisis, but middle- born children are better peacetime leaders.4.A 20th century politician should be an effective public speaker and a social person.5.Intelligence seems to be less important than other factors, such as the ability to communicate effectively.6.The ability to overcome traditional ways of thinking is also crucial.7.They simply don’t devote the amount of time required.8.The study showed that enjoying one’s work is the bestform of motivation.IV1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle9.intrinsic 10.criteria 11.obsession 12.innate13.contribution(s) 14.contemporary 15.submitted 16.moraleV1.left behind2.rise3.made history4.were endowed with5.put up with6.going nowhere7.ifocuses on8.be built on9.put in e up with 11.take charge 12.set...apartVIefficiency emergency fluency frequencyproficiency tendency urgency sufficiency1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency5.tendency6.frequencyVII1.For some students, it's not that they don't put in enough time — it's that they don't have good study habits.2.Children perform differently at school. It's not that they have different IQs — it's that they are brought up in different environments.3.The company is not very productive. It's not that its staff aren't talented — it's that their energy hasn't been channeled effectively.4.I'm really sorry. It's not that I don't want to go to the cinema with you— it's that I have to finish my paper tonight.5.You have a stomachache. It's not that the food was bad — it's probably that you have too much stress from your work.VIII1.President Wilson didn't try to bring the US back to economic and political isolation. Instead, he believed in international cooperation through an association of nations.puters don't teach students in groups. Instead, they can help them learn effectively according to their different needs.3.We shouldn't focus on minor points. Instead, we should try to solve the problem of the greatest urgency at present.4.He dosen't get anybody else to help him. Instead, he likes to attend to everything himself.5.Teaching success shouldn't be measured by the scores the students receive on tests. Instead, it should be measured by whether the students have internalized the ability and desire to learn.IXBCBAD DCABA DABCAX西蒙顿说,如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话,那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
大学英语读写教程4答案Unit 1: Understanding Key PointsPart A: Exploring the Topic1.Answer: B2.Answer: C3.Answer: A4.Answer: D5.Answer: APart B: Analyzing Organizational Patterns1.Answer: E2.Answer: D3.Answer: C4.Answer: B5.Answer: APart C: Interpreting Language and Tone1.Word: exclusive–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: limited to only one person or group2.Word: assumptions–Answer: noun–Paraphrase: beliefs or ideas taken for granted without proof3.Word: foster (verb)–Answer: verb–Paraphrase: encourage the development or growth of something4.Word: skeptical–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: inclined to doubt or question5.Word: conformity–Answer: noun–Paraphrase: compliance with standards, rules, or laws Unit 2: Making InferencesPart A: Identifying Supporting Details1.Answer: D3.Answer: C4.Answer: B5.Answer: DPart B: Drawing Conclusions1.Answer: D2.Answer: C3.Answer: B4.Answer: A5.Answer: DPart C: Inferring Meaning1.Word: futile–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: incapable of producing any useful result2.Word: profound–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: having deep meaning or significance3.Word: plausible–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: seemingly reasonable or possible4.Word: discrepancy–Answer: noun–Paraphrase: a difference between two things that should be the same5.Word: implicit–Answer: adjective–Paraphrase: suggested or implied but not directly expressed Unit 3: Developing Academic SkillsPart A: Identifying Transitional Words1.Answer: A2.Answer: C3.Answer: B4.Answer: D5.Answer: APart B: Recognizing Text Structures1.Answer: C2.Answer: A4.Answer: D5.Answer: CPart C: Understanding Cohesion and Coherence1.Answer: No2.Answer: Yes3.Answer: Yes4.Answer: No5.Answer: YesUnit 4: Evaluating ArgumentsPart A: Analyzing Claims and Evidence1.Answer: C2.Answer: B3.Answer: D4.Answer: A5.Answer: DPart B: Examining Logical Fallacies1.Answer: B2.Answer: C3.Answer: D4.Answer: A5.Answer: BPart C: Assessing Bias and Assumptions1.Answer: Yes2.Answer: No3.Answer: Yes4.Answer: No5.Answer: YesUnit 5: Synthesizing InformationPart A: Summarizing Key Points1.Answer: B2.Answer: D3.Answer: A4.Answer: C5.Answer: BPart B: Evaluating Sources1.Answer: A2.Answer: C3.Answer: B4.Answer: D5.Answer: APart C: Constructing Arguments1.Answer: B2.Answer: A3.Answer: D4.Answer: C5.Answer: BThis document contains the answers to the exercises in the book。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit1答案Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we may have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
新视野大学英语读写教程4(第三版)课本练习参考答案[1-5单元A部分]UNIT ONESection ALanguage focusWords in use[3]crumbled discern surpass shrewd conversion distort radiant ingenious stumped proposition1.As the gender barriers crumbled, the number of women working as lawyers, doctors, or bankers began to increase significantly form the mid-20th century.随着性别障碍的瓦解,从20世纪中期开始,从事律师、医生或银行家工作的女性数量开始显著增加。
2.With the data collected each year, the owner of the shop can discern customer trends and how things like weather and economic indicators affect sales performance.通过每年收集的数据,店主可以了解顾客的趋势,以及天气和经济指标对销售业绩的影响。
3.His supervisor pushes and motivates him in such a positive manner that he is not only able to reach but to surpass his personal goals.他的上司以一种积极的方式推动和激励他,使他不仅能够达到,而且能够超越自己的目标。
4.He is a man with a(n) shrewd business sense. He has built his initial investment into a substantial and even excessively large fortune.他是个精明的生意人。
新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册Unit 1III.1. idle2. justify3. discount4. distinct5. minute6.accused7. object8. contaminate9. sustain 10. worshipIV.1. accusing... of2. end up3. came upon4. at her worst5. pay for6. run a risk of7. participate in8. other than9. object to/objected 10. at bestV1. K2. G3. C4. E5. N6.O7.I8. L9. A 10. DCollocationVI.1. delay2. pain3. hardship4. suffering5. fever6. defeat7. poverty8. treatment9. noise 10. agonyWord buildingVII.1. justify2. glorify3. exemplifies4. classified5. purified6. intensify7. identify8. terrifiedVIII.1. bravery2. jewelry3. delivery4. machinery5. robbery6. nursery7. scenery8. discoverySentence StructureIX.1. other than for funerals and weddings2. other than to live an independent life3. other than that they appealed to his eye . . `4. but other than that, he'll eat just about everything .5. other than that it's somewhere in the town centerX.1. shouldn't have been to the cinema last night2. would have; told him the answer3. they needn't have gone at all4. must have had too much work to do5. might have been injured seriouslyTranslationXI. -1. The plant does not grow well in soils other than the one in which it has been developed.2. Research findings show that we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what wemay have done during the day.3.Some people tend to justify their failure by blaming others for not trying their best.4.We remain tree to our commitment: Whatever we promised to do; we would do it.5.Even Beethoven's father discounted the possibility that his son would one day become the greatest musician in the world. The same is true of Edison, who seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.6. They were accused by authorities of threatening the state security.XII.l.出入除自己家以外的任何场所时,如果你带有宠物,一定要了解有关宠物的规定。
2 一些女性完全可以不待在家里,而是去工作,挣一份不错的工资。
但是为了家庭,她们放弃了工作。
3.你怎么为这样粗鲁的行为辩护?你将会为此付出沉重的代价,因为他们己经以低毁名誉的罪名起诉你了。
4.批评有其重要作用;我们可能当时不喜欢它,但是它能激励我们去做更伟大的事情。
5.他毫不让步的行为遭到公众的反对,这使得他陷人了精神上崩溃、经济上破产的境地。
6.即使你失败了,也不要被失败伤害,更不要被失败左右。
记住:失败是学习过程中必要的一步;它不是学习、的结束,而是学习的开始。
ClozeXIII.1 .B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5. B 6.A 7.B 8.A 9. C 10.AII.D 12.C 13. D 14.A 15. C 16.D 17.B 18.C I9. A 20.DSection BReading Skills.I.1. I was a black and was looked down on because of the ugly shadow of racism in 1976.2. It means that the man was different from others for he was honest and paid debts.3. The farmer's attitude toward me changed when he learned that I was the son of an honest man whowas different from other blacks.4. Because American social morality has changed for the worse.5. Because people believe in honesty and this helps me in my life.Comprehension o f the TextII.1.F2.T3.F4.T5.T6.T7.F8.TVocabulary1 . melted 2. restore 3. initiative 4. obligation, 5. induce6. lest7. relief8. furnish9. enquire 10. meanwhileExercises on Web course only:11. deposit 12: intent 13. behave 14.amused 15. glueIV1. kept his word 2: shrugged off 3. melted away 4. enquire into 5. cool off6. pave the way for7. hold up8. fall apart9. wipe away 10. on credit新视野大学英语(第二版)第四册Unit 2Section AComprehension o f the text1. He lived a poor and miserable life during his childhood.2. Because no one in Britain appeared to appreciate his talent for comedy. His comic figures did notconform to British standards.3. Because his dress and behavior didn't seem that English.4. It was the first movie in which Chaplin spoke.5. He used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along without a prepared script.6. His transformation of lifeless objects into other kinds of objects, plus the skill with which heexecuted it again and again.7. She brought stability and happiness to him and became a center of calm in his family.8. Comic.VocabularyIII.1. coarse2. betrayed3. incident4. postponed5. execute6. surrounding7. applause8. extraordinary9. clumsy 10. sparkedIV.1. for2. against3. up4. about5. up6. to7. down8. down9. in 10. onV.l. I 2.J 3.B 4.D 5.E 6.G 7.F 8.L 9.N 10.ACollocation<br />VI.1. service2. help/hand3. influence4. guarantee5. visit6. span .7. welcome8. spirit9. duties 10. buildingsWord BuildingVII.1. artist2. terrorist3. novelist4. activists5. biologists6. idealist7. capitalists8. touristVIII.1. terrorism2. industrialism3. realism4. idealism5. criticism6. heroism7. racism8. Modernismsentence structureIX1. If I had known that you were coming, I would have met you at the airport.2. If he had tried to leave the country, he would have been stopped at the border.3. If we had found him earlier, we could have saved his life.4. If I had caught that plane, I would have been killed in the air crash.5. If he had been in good health, he could have written many books.X.1. it is a wonder to find2. It is a surprise for us to find3. it is a waste of time to argue with him4. It's a comfort to know5. It is a relief for us to learnXI1. If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous, it would have attracted a larger audience.2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3. I never had formal training, I just learned as I went along.4. As their products find their way into the international market, their brand is gaining in popularity.5. She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all hermoney was gone, but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6. No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.XII1 .If the characters in this comedy had been more humorous,it would have attracted a larger audience.‘2. She has never lost faith in her own ability, so it is a possibility for her to become a successful actress.3 .I never had formal training,I just learned as I went along·4. As their products find their way into the international market,their brand is gaining in popularity.5 .She could make up a story by saying she was knocked unconscious by thieves and that all hermoney was gone,but she doubted whether she could make it sound believable.6 .No one was certain whether he postponed the visit on purpose, but this brought more criticism of him.XII.1.如果没有查理·卓别林,世界电影史就会不一样了。