《英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)

1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies men tioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况课后习题答案1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upperclass of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many newcities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, humanrights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British wasforced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The Newsof the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures.People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance int o the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductio ns in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and theyregarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do notkeep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests,but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economicopportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible shouldreceive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美概况课后习题答案1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons a nd the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upperclass of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many newcities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, humanrights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British wasforced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports andentertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ? The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds shouldrespect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese a ir raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.-known contributions during his presidency?2. What were Nixon’s wella) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes Rea gan’s economic program calin order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and theyregarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing thefruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and becamea powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that th e power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surgedahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession. The Reagan administration combated inflationby controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policieseconomic development on its right mentioned above helped to set the country’scourse, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abusesof the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hardand there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

英美国家概况答案英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america isdescribed as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable tradewith the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized thecia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york stateemergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle for equality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the usschool systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review moneygrants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britain, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points: reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences3. class differences4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as northand south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchy evolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrin e of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it isgenerally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws,functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of government role of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seatfrom their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public chapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerless in the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at the end of the 19th century. it is a socialist party, believing that a society should be relatively equal in economic terms, and that the government should redistribute the wealth between the rich and the poor. it also thinks that the government should provide a range of public services for all the people.the conservative party --- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is basically the party of the individual, protecting the individual’ s right to acquire wealth and to spend i t as he/she wants. it advocates economic policies which are favourable to。

How did morden development in Europe inflence the settlement of north America coloniesAn:The English permanent settlements in north America began in the 17th century when wetern Europe was undergoing great changes.By the 16th century ,some new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America .The first new force was the development of captalism The next major force that brought about the modern development of Europe Revolution was the Renaissance .The third influential orce was the Religious Reformation,a religious reform movement that started from Germany.Against the background of those emerging new forces,the 13 English colonies that would become the United States of America were planted in North America.What were some of the causes of the America RevolutionAn:Internal reason：By the early 1760s,the 13 English colonies in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics,economy and culture life and enjoyed the same frontier environment,The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World;External reason:1As a result,the British government began to charge new taxes on sugar,coffee,textiles and other imported goods.2After the Seven Y ear’s War .The Quartering Act passsed by British Parliament forced the colonies the house and feed British soldiers.Main contents of the ConstitutionAn:1The Constitution set up a federal systerm with a strong central government.2The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader or president.3It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people.4It provided for national court systerm headed by a Supreme CourtThe characteristics of the constitution of the United StatesAn:1Checks and Balance:Each branch has powers that the others do not have and each branch has a way of counteracting and limiting any wrongful action by another branch.2Sharing power:the Constitution specified exactly what power the central government had and which power was reserved for the states.What are the great changes which the industrial revolution brought the AmericaAn:After the Independence War America was mainly an argriculture country.But the Industrial Revolution that started in England during the 18th century did not take long to cross the Atlantic.It brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860.1One key development was the introduction of the factory systerm.2A second development was the “American systerm”of mass production which originated in the development was the application of new technologies the industrial tasks.4A forth development was the emergency of new of business organization,notably the bank and the corporation,which facilitated the growth of industry.5Finally,the construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s,marked the start of a new era for the United States.The advantages of corporationAn:1Unlike those types of business,the corporation survived the death of its founder or founders.2Because it could draw on a pool of investors,it was a much more efficient tool or raising the large amount of capital needed by expanding business.3As it finally evolved,it enjoyed limited liability,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets.In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United StatesAn: in America, religious freedom has its historic tradition,swhich can be dated back to the colonial era among such early colonies as new England,Marryland and Pennsyluania.People came to this colonies maily because they wanted to escape religious persecution and pursued religious freedom.In the 16th ,17th ,there were some religious reformation which influenced America ter in the 1791,the Bill of Rights guaranteed Americans religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States.What are some of the features in religious that are particularly AmericanAn: Some phenomena in American religion are uniquely American.1First of all ,American with different religious live toghether under the same law.2Secongly,the religious beliefs of American continue to be strong with social progress.3Thirdly,in the United States every church is a completely independence organization,and concerned with its own finance and its own building.Some qualification for American students to enter a universityAn: Successful applicants at such cilleges are usually chosen on the basis of 1.their high school records2.recommendations from their high school teachers3.the impression they make during interviews at the university4.their scores on the Scholstic Aptitude Test (SA Ts)What is the naturalism.List at least 3 novelists and their worksAn:The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thoughts and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of raslism :American naturalism.In a word ,naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing becomes less serious and less aympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic.1Stephen Crane <The Red Badge of Courage>,<Maggie>,<A Girl of The Street>;2Theodore Dreiser <Sister Carrie>,<The Titan>,<The American Tragedy>;3Upton Sinclair<The Jungle>。

《英美概况》练习参考答案（美国部分）《最新英美概况》练习参考答案(美国部分)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================== ============== PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was name d as “America” after explorer Amerigo Vespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent the original thirteencolonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”, a poemwritten during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and was madethe national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by PresidentHerbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it wasrepainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provideconvenient sea routes forforeign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorable conditions forforeign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorable foragriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The border wasdemilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, in particular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the samelanguage, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading pa rtnerfor years) that the two countries have established the North American Free TradeAgreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed andrichest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’swelfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but alsounnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither peopleworry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in theircountry for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the American side)against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S. are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world.Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S. deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is locatedbetween the Arctic and Pacific oceans,so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, the best place toenjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of thesix states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountains are relativelylow, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km. from theRockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is known as “the father of wa ters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’s fresh water.All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River.They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, and covers adistance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is still a cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the area is known as the “breadbasket” of Americ a.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River. It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little trouble with watershortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerousfertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests are in the states ofWashington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, and thousands ofimmigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves are to be found inthe Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and the most important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But, owing to itslarge size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, theclimate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a long cold winter,and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is very cold in winterand very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremely cold;summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. TP. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White is the mainstream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics 16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%, and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, butalmost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas,an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a country of many ethnicgroups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and working together in the “melting pot”of the US and gradual ly forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westward to live inthese barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent. In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half of HispanicAmericans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin.Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and 52languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are some changes inspelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second m ost common language in America. The United States holds the world’sfifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico.Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood and Miami,Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from American Constitution. TheFirst Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics, education, charityand culture) as well as in its international relations. American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights andcriticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations.A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world,and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.。

英美概况（美国部分）简答题答案英美概况(美国部分)简答题答案UNIT35.What were some of the causes of the American Revolution? Explain the Declaration of Independence?By the early 1760s, the 13 English colonies(殖民地) in North America had developed a similar American pattern in politics, economy and cultural life and enjoyed the same frontier(开拓的) environment. The English people and Europeans had become Americans and they were ready to separate themselves from the Old World. In addition,”No taxation without represantion”, many new taxes imposed(强迫) on North American colonies by the British Parliament(国会). In 1773,a group of patriots(爱国者) responded to the tea tax by staging the “Boston Tea Party”.In September1774, the First Continental Congress(第一次大陆会议) was held in Philadelphia(费城). On April 19, 1775, the first shot was fired when 700 British soldiers went to capture(占领,俘获) a colonial arms depot(仓库) in a small town of Concord near Boston.The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 41,776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It also explained the philosophy of government: the powers of governments came from the consent of the governed and the purpose of governments were to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the AmericanRevolution mainly came from John Locke.UNIT 41 Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? Was it necessary to change the Articles of Confederation and write a new constitution for the new nation of the United States at the time?The Articles of Confederation(联邦条款) failed because the states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other. When the Congress needed money to pay the national army or to pay debts owed to France and other nations, some states refused to contribute. The Congress had been given no authority to force any state to do anything. It could not tax any citizen. Only the state in which a citizen lived could do that.2. What is a federal system? What are some of the major differences between a federal system and a confederation?The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court.。

英美概况第四版上册课后练习题含答案简介《英美概况》是一本全面介绍英国和美国的文化、历史、政治、经济和社会现象的教材。

第四版上册是其最新版本，为了帮助读者更好地掌握教材内容，本文主要介绍了《英美概况》第四版上册的课后练习题及其答案。

课后练习题第一章马恩列斯主义的世界影响1.为什么20世纪初期，马克思主义在俄国和中国得到了很多支持者？答案：在俄国和中国，工业化程度较低，社会阶级结构明显，人民处于经济和政治上的不利地位，马克思主义提供了一种解释和改变社会状况的思想和方法，因此在这些国家得到了很多支持者。

2.马恩列斯主义的三个基本组成部分是什么？答案：哲学、政治经济学和科学社会主义是马克思主义的三个基本组成部分。

第二章英美宪政制度的深层问题1.英美宪政制度的两个特点是什么？答案：一是权力均衡制度的实行，二是国家最高权力代表制度的实行。

2.英国议会制度的基本形式是什么？答案：英国议会制度的基本形式是下院和上院的双院制。

第三章英国的政治体系及其现状1.请简要介绍英国两大主要政党的区别。

答案：英国两大主要政党是保守党和工党。

保守党主张经济自由主义、传统价值观和强硬外交政策，工党主张社会民主主义、平等和国际主义。

2.英国各地区的议员数目是不同的，为什么？答案：英国根据各地区的人口数确定议员数目，保证各地区在议会中的代表权重相当。

第四章美国的政治体系及其现状1.美国总统、参议员和众议员的任期分别是多久？答案：美国总统任期为4年，参议员任期为6年，众议员任期为2年。

2.美国政治体系中的分权制度是什么？答案：美国政治体系中的分权制度是各州与中央政府之间权力的分立和制衡，各州政府在一定范围内有独立的权力。

结语以上是《英美概况》第四版上册的部分课后练习题及其答案。

本文仅供参考，读者们可以通过这些练习题，更好地掌握教材的内容。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United States of America is commonly referred to as:A. UKB. USAC. USD. America答案：C2. The United Kingdom is located in:A. North AmericaB. South AmericaC. EuropeD. Asia答案：C3. The official language of the United States is:A. SpanishB. FrenchC. EnglishD. German答案：C4. The capital of the United Kingdom is:A. LondonB. ManchesterC. EdinburghD. Glasgow答案：A5. The currency used in the United States is:A. Pound SterlingB. EuroC. DollarD. Yen答案：C6. The population of the United States is approximately:A. 50 millionB. 150 millionC. 300 millionD. 500 million答案：C7. The United Kingdom is a member of the European Union (EU):A. TrueB. False答案：B8. The United States is a federal republic consisting of:A. 50 statesB. 48 statesC. 52 statesD. 46 states答案：A9. The United Kingdom's system of government is:A. MonarchyB. RepublicC. CommunistD. Dictatorship答案：A10. The United States was founded on:A. July 4, 1776B. July 4, 1777C. July 4, 1775D. July 4, 1783答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The largest city in the United States is ________.答案：New York City2. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ________.答案：Northern Ireland3. The national anthem of the United States is called________.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner4. The United Kingdom's national anthem is ________.答案：God Save the Queen5. The United States is bordered by ________ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada6. The United Kingdom's national flag is known as the________.答案：Union Jack7. The President of the United States is elected for a term of ________ years.答案：four8. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the ________.答案：government9. The United States is divided into three main regions: the Northeast, the South, and the ________.答案：West10. The United Kingdom is part of the ________ continent.答案：European三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Describe the political system of the United States.答案：The United States has a federal system of government with three branches: the legislative (Congress), the executive (President), and the judicial (Supreme Court). The President serves as both the head of state and the head of government.2. Explain the role of the Queen in the United Kingdom.答案：The Queen is the constitutional monarch of the United Kingdom and serves as the symbol of national unity. Her role is largely ceremonial, and she does not have direct political power.3. What are the main cultural influences in the United States? 答案：The United States has a diverse cultural landscape influenced by its indigenous peoples, European settlers, African slaves, and immigrants from all over the world. The main cultural influences include Native American traditions, European heritage, African American culture, and the melting pot of immigrant cultures.四、论述题（30分）Discuss the historical significance of the AmericanRevolution and its impact on the development of the United States.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that led to the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It marked the end of British colonialrule and the beginning of a new era of self-governance. The Revolution was significant because it was the firstsuccessful colonial revolt against a major European power. It also set a precedent for other colonies seeking independence and inspired movements for democracy and self-determination around the world. The impact of the American Revolution isstill felt today in the form of the democratic principles and values enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights, which continue to shape the nation's political and social landscape.。

大一英美概况试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom consists of four countries, which one is not included?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Ireland答案：D2. Which of the following is not a major city in the United States?A. New YorkB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. Toronto答案：D3. The English language originated from which country?A. GermanyB. FranceC. EnglandD. Spain答案：C4. What is the capital of the United States?A. New YorkB. Washington D.C.C. Los AngelesD. Chicago答案：B5. Which of the following is not a traditional British sport?A. CricketB. RugbyC. American FootballD. Golf6. The Statue of Liberty is located in which city?A. New York CityB. Los AngelesC. ChicagoD. San Francisco答案：A7. Which of the following is not a British colony?A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. Brazil答案：D8. The United States declared its independence from which country?A. FranceC. Great BritainD. Germany答案：C9. Which of the following is not a major British holiday?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Boxing Day答案：C10. The American Civil War took place between which years?A. 1861-1865B. 1812-1814C. 1775-1783D. 1914-1918答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and ______.答案：Northern Ireland2. The official language of the United Kingdom is ______.答案：English3. The United States is divided into ______ states.答案：fifty4. The largest city in the United Kingdom is ______.答案：London5. The currency of the United Kingdom is the ______.答案：Pound Sterling6. The United States is bordered by ______ to the north and Mexico to the south.答案：Canada7. The first permanent English settlement in the Americas was established at ______.答案：Jamestown8. The American Revolution began with the ______.答案：Boston Tea Party9. The ______ is the highest court in the United Kingdom.答案：Supreme Court10. The ______ is the national anthem of the United States.答案：The Star-Spangled Banner三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. Describe the geographical features of the United Kingdom.答案：The United Kingdom is an island nation located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It consists of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The country is known for its diverse landscapes, including the rolling hills of the countryside, the rugged coastlines, and the bustling cities. The climate is generally temperate, with mild winters and cool summers.2. Explain the significance of the American Revolution.答案：The American Revolution was a pivotal event in world history that marked the birth of the United States as an independent nation. It was fought between 1775 and 1783 and resulted in the colonies breaking free from British rule. The revolution was significant for its impact on the principles of democracy, self-governance, and the establishment of a republic based on the rule of law and the consent of the governed.3. Discuss the role of immigration in shaping the United States.答案：Immigration has played a crucial role in shaping the United States, both demographically and culturally. From the early settlers to the waves of immigrants from Europe, Asia, and Latin America, the country has been a melting pot of diverse cultures. Immigration has contributed to the economic growth, cultural richness, and thedevelopment of a unique American identity that values diversity and the pursuit of the American Dream.4. What are the main branches of the UK government?答案：The UK government is structured into three main branches: the Monarchy, the Parliament, and the Judiciary. The Monarchy, currently headed by Queen Elizabeth II, serves as a ceremonial figurehead. The Parliament, which consists of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, is responsible for making laws. The Judiciary, with the Supreme Court at its head, interprets the law and ensures that it is applied fairly and consistently.四、论述题（20分）1. Discuss the cultural influences of the United States on the world.答案：The United States has had a profound cultural influence on the world, particularly in the areas of music, film, television, and literature. American pop culture, with its emphasis on individualism and innovation, has spread globally through various media. Hollywood films have become a dominant force in the global entertainment industry, shaping global tastes and preferences. American music genres such as jazz, blues, rock 'n' roll, and hip-hop have also had a significant impact, influencing music worldwide. Additionally, American literature,with its diverse voices and themes, has contributed to global literature and thought. The United States' influence is also seen in its technological advancements, which have transformed communication, business, and everyday life around the world.请注意，以上试题及答案仅供参考，实际考试内容和形式可能有所不同。

英美概况题库美国部分精编版MQS system office room 【MQS16H-TTMS2A-MQSS8Q8-MQSH16898】The United StatesI. Choose the correct answer.1. In area, the United States is the c largest country in the world.a. 2ndb. 3rdc. 4thd. 5th2. The Midwest in the US refers to the region d .a. west of the Mississippi Valleyb. west of the Appalachian Mountainsc. east of the Rocky Mountainsd. around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3. The Backbone of North America refers to the b .a. Appalachian Mountainsb. Rocky Mountainsc. the Rocky Mountainsd. Sierra Nevada Mountains4. Death Valley is on the western edge of a .a. the Great Basinb. Californiac. the Rocky Mountainsd. the Sierra Nevada Mountains5. Which region might have a dust storm in summer? ca. The Deep South.b. The Middle West.c. The Great Plainsd. The Central Valley of California.6. Which area has the highest rainfall in the US? ba. The region around the Great Lakes.b. The western part of Washington State.c. The Middle Atlantic states.d. The Central Valley of California.7. The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except b .a. Canadab. Japanc. Venezuelad. Saudi Arabia8. The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in b .a. Californiab. Utahc. Montanad. South Dakota9. The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of ancestry. ca. Spanishb. Frenchc. Britishd. Dutch10. How many immigrants were legally received by the US each year duringthe 1980s? ba. About 270,000.b. About 700,000.c. About 675,000.d. About 800,00011. The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the USuntil d .a. 1860b. 1863c. 1918d. 195412. American Indians now mainly live in the a .a. Southb. Westc. Midwestd. Northeast13. The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countriesexcept c .a. Mexicob. Cubac. Spaind. Puerto Rico14. According to the text, which region now leads in percentage increasein population? ca. The Northeast.b. The Great Plains.c. The South.d. The West.15. According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state inthe US is c .a. Californiab. New Yorkc. Texasd. Washington16. The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in allregion b .a. the Northeastb. the Southc. the Midwestd. the West17. According to the text, the ancestors of the present American Indians came from c .a. Europeb. Africac. Asiad. Mongolia18. Which is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century? aa. The ambition for the cast lands.b. The strong desire for Eastern goods.c. The improvements in navigation and naval architecture.d. The great spirit of adventure started by the Renaissance.19. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach c .a. the New worldb. the West Indiesc. Indiad. America20 Among the following navigators who discovered the route to India?ba. Christopher Columbus.b. Vasco da Gama.c. Bartholoneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.21. Who was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the East? ba. Jacques Cartier.b. John Cabot.c. Bartholeneu Diaz.d. Ferdinand Magellan.22. Which colony in the following was not founded first by the English? ca. Virginia.b. Massachusetts.c. New Yorkd. Georgia.23. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones exceptd .a. New Yorkb. Pennsylvaniac. Marylandd. Virginia24. The last one fo the 13 colonies was c , which was established in 1733.a. North Carolinab. South Carolinac. Georgiad. Maryland25. There was a great change in British policy towards the 13 coloniesafter .a. 1760b. 1763c. 1764d. 176726. Which Act first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies?ba. The Sugar Act of 1764.b. The Stamp Act of 1765.c. The Quartering Act of 1765.d. The Tea Act27. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order toc .a. get more money from the coloniesb. provide cheap tea for the American consumersc. help the British East India Companyd. monopolize the American tea business28. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representativesfrom all the colonies except d .a. Delawareb. Pennsylvaniac. Massachusettsd, Georgia29. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired inb .a. Concordb. Lexingtonc. Philadelphiad. Boston30. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists tod .a. abolish slavery in the coloniesb. continue a shipping trade with Englandc. win independence through peaceful meansd. declare their independence31. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence wasb .a. Benjamin Franklinb. Thomas Jeffersonc. George Washingtond. John Adams32. Which victory was considered as the turning point of the War ofIndependence? ca. The victory at Trenton.b. The victory at Boston.c. The victory at Saratoga.d. The victory at Yorktown.33. The Confederation created in 1781 was a a .a. very loose union of statesb. very powerful central governmentc. very firm league of statesd. weak government without the legislative power34. Who was called the Father of the US Constitution? da. George Washington.b. Benjamin Franklin.c. Alexander Hamilton.d. James Madison.35. According to the text, the Constitution was framed on the following ideas except that d .a. there should be three branches of government: one to make laws,another to execute them, and a third to settle questions of lawb. the three branches should be able to check and balance the otherc. the national government is a government of the people, and not ofstates aloned. the new government should impose its authority on the people through states36. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called c .a. Democratsb. Republicansc. Federalistsd. Antifederalists37. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution? ba. Eightb. Ninec. Elevend. Thirteen38. Which is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers? da. They support the ratification of the Constitutionb. The defend the principles of the Constitutionc. They help dispel the fears of a national authorityd. They spell out the people’s right39. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at leastc of the states.a. one-thirdb. two-thirdsc. three-fourthsd. three-fifths40. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the USpresident was b .a. Thomas Jeffersonb. James Madisonc. John Adamsd. James Monroe41. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas exceptd .a. non-colonizationb. America for Americansc. non-interventiond. Latin America for Europeans42. The US continental expansion was almost complete by d .a. 1840b. 1845c. 1846d. 184843. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly becauseof the b .a. use of irrigation on plantationb. Whitney’s cotton ginc. slave labourd. improved agricultural techniques44. in 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some b .a. slaveholdersb. abolitionistsc. democratsd. proslavery persons45. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that heb .a. would abolish slavery in the Southb. would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Unionc. would wage a war against slaveryd. had no idea to abolish slavery in the South46. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate? aa. It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States.b. It freed slaves only in the Confederacy.c. It brought many blacks to serve in the Union Army.d. It gave the North a high moral reason for continuing the war.47. the most important advantage the North had over the South in theCivil War was its d .a. manpowerb. superior military leadershipc. European alliesd. industrial superiority48. An advantage the South had over the North was its d .a. great mineral resourcesb. great number of railroadsc. manpowerd. superior military leadership49. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings wasb .a. James Buchananb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays50. The radical Reconstruction was ended under President d .a. Abraham Lincolnb. Andrew Johnsonc. Ulysses S. Grantd. Rutherford B. Hays51. Gold was discovered in California in c .a. 1828b. 1838c. 1848d. 185852. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed inc .a. 1850b. 1859c. 1869d. 189053. Telephone was invented in 1876 by b .a. Thomas B. Edisonb. Alexander D. Bellc. Guglielmo Marconid. George Westinghouse54. According to the text the value of manufactured goods in the US wasworth twice as that of her agricultural products by d .a. 1860b. 1890c. 1894d. 190055. The first imperialist, the US-Spanish War, broke out in c .a. 1886b. 1890c. 1898d. 190056. After US-Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas exceptd .a. Puerto Ricob. Guamc. the Philippinesd. Cuba57. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the firstplace in economy in Europe was a .a. Germanyb. Francec. Britaind. Russia58. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to b .a. be ready for the warb. observe strict neutralityc. give financial help to the Alliesd. end the trade relations with Germany59. The US joined the First World War in d .a. 1914b. 1915c. 1916d. 191760. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of d .a. disarmamentb. creation of an international organization of nationsc. freedom of the seas, in peace and ward. creation of an international peacekeeping force61. Which statement about the US in 1920s is not true? ba. The gross national product rose.b. Only the rich could afford new consumer goods.c. The youth suspected the values of the older generation.d. There was a fast urbanization in the whole country.62. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thought that the basic role of the Government was to b .a. provide government aid for the poorb. create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprisesc. intervene in the affairs of economyd. take the responsibility for the welfare of the people63. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of d .a. soil erosionb. declining labor supplyc. inflationd. overproduction64. Which one is not right to comment on the New Deal? da. It relieved unemployment through a vast scheme of public works.b. It offered relief to farmers through providing money at low rates of interest.c. It brought in old age and unemployment insurance through providing a system of pension.d. It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar.65. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except d .a. the prohibition of the sale of arms or equipment to nations at warb. the prohibition of loans to belligerent nationsc. cash-and-carry policyd. active intervention to prevent aggression66. The US formerly entered the Second World War in d .a. 1937b. 1939c. 1940d. 194167. Normandy Landing took place on a .a. June 6, 1944b. July 6, 1944c. April 30, 1945d. April 12, 194568. At which conference did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree tocall a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945? da. The Conference in Teheran, on Nov. 28, 1943.b. The Conference in Cairo, on Nov. 23, 1943.c. The Conference at Dumbarton Oaks, in the fall of 1944.d. Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945.69. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to WesternEurope was known as c .a. containment policyb. Truman Planc. Marshall Pland. Communist prevention70. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of b .a. economic equalityb. nonviolencec. military protestd. black power71. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under Presidentc .a. Dwight D. Eisenhowerb. John F. Kennedyc. Lyndon B. Johnsond. Richard M. Nixon72. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank betweenChina and the US was established under President b .a. Nixonb. Carterc. Reagand. Bush73. The power of the state in the US is actually from d .a. the central governmentb. the state constitutionc. the US Constitutiond. both b and c74. The supreme law of the United States includes d .a. the US Constitutionb. treaties under the authority of the United Statesc. laws to ensure the constitutional power being practicedd. all the above three75. The terms of the senator and representative are d and years respectively.a. two…fourb. two…threec. two…sixd. six…two76. Which Amendment provided for the direct election of senators? ba. The 16th Amendment (1913)b. The 17th Amendment (1913)c. The 18th Amendment (1919)d. The 19th Amendment (1920)77. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in d .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Supreme Courtd. the Senate78. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in b .a. the Cabinetb. the Housec. the Senated. the Executive Office79. Who is second in line in presidential succession? aa. The Speaker of the House.b. The Vice President.c. The president pro tempore.d. The leader of the majority party in the Senate.80. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in a .a. the Rules Committeeb. the standing committeec. Subcommitteed. the select committee81. Which one in the following limits the President to two successive terms only? ca. The 20th Amendment (1933)b. The 21st Amendment (1933)c. The 22nd Amendment (1951)d. The 23rd Amendment (1961)82. The American President has all the following powers except c .a. deploying armed forcesb. making treatiesc. declaring war on another countryd. granting pardons83. The president’s major appointments should be approved by c .a. Congressb. the Housec. the Senated. the Supreme Court84. Which is not correct to explain the executive agreement? ca. An agreement between the president and another country.b. It has the force of a treaty.c. It requires the approval of Congress.d. It does not require the Senate’s advice and consent.85. the President’s veto can be overridden by two-thirds votes inc .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. both housesd. the Supreme Court86. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries arec .a. the Supreme Courtb. the courts of appealc, the district courtsd. specialized courts87. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is d .a. to review decisions of the courts of appealb. to review decisions of the federal district courtsc. to try the impeachment cased. to interpret the US Constitution88. The cases involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in c .a. the courts of appealb. the appellate courtc. the federal district courtsd. the state supreme court89. The emblem of the Democratic Party is b .a. elephantb. donkeyc. beard. bull90. The first Democratic President was c .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson91. The first Republican President was b .a. George Washingtonb. Abraham Lincolnc. Thomas Jeffersond. Andrew Jackson92. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was a .a. Grover Clevelandb. William McKinleyc. Theodore Rooseveltd. Woodrow Wilson93. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated b .a. at the state conventionb. at the national conventionc. by the leaders from state party organizationsd. by the party’s national committee94. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on thea .a. Tuesday after the first Mondayb. first Tuesdayc. Tuesday after the second Mondayd. Monday after the first Tuesday95. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal tothe number of c .a. its senatorsb. its representativesc. its senators and Representativesd. its counties96. The American President is actually elected by c .a. the Houseb. the Senatec. presidential electorsd. American citizens97. Who is chiefly responsible for education in the US?a. The federal government.b. The state government.c. the county government.d. The local government.98. In the US school system, there are twelve levels called c .a. classesb. divisionsc. gradesd. degrees99. The elementary and secondary education in the US lasts c .a. 8 yearsb. 10 yearsc. 12 yearsd. 14 years100. The average teacher salary in private secondary schools is bthat in public schools.a. higher thanb. lower thanc. almost same asd. half of101. A great majority of doctor-level universities in the US arec .a. privateb. supported by religious groupsc. publicd. supported by private funds102. After completing four-year study in a college, the student usuallycan earn c .a. a university degreeb. graduate degreec. a bachelor’s degreed. a master’s degree103. In order to remain in college the student must maintain at least a average. ba. Bb. Cc. Dd. F104. The first daily newspaper in America was published in c .a. 1690b. 1775c. 1783d. 1800105. Which newspaper first uncovered the Watergate scandal in 1972? ba. New York Times.b. Washington Post.c. New York Daily News.d. Los Angeles Times.106. The world most-read magazine is c .a. TV Guideb. Timec. Reader’s Digestd. People Weekly107. The TV networks in the US are owned b .a. by the federal governmentb. by private companiesc. by state governmentd. by local governments108. Democratic and Republican National Conventions were televised forthe first time in c .a. 1945b. 1950c. 1952d. 1960109. Which one in the following is not proper to describe the Americanfamily values? da. Individual freedom.b. Belief in equality.c. Personal independence.d. Formal and strict relations between parents and children.110. If a junior staff member challenges and argues points with an older executive, the junior is considered being d .a. impoliteb. rudec. immorald. harmless111. To make distinctions between persons, the Americans may useb .a. the family titleb. the occupational titlec. Mr. or Ms.d. Sir or Ma’am112. To Americans, if weaknesses were pointed out by others, it would be c .a. disgracefulb. all rightc. resentfuld. indifferent113. By American standards, which one in the following is not a taboo?da. Financial affairs.b. Person’s age.c. Religion.d. Person’s work.114. According to the text, which word in the following is not proper to describe an American? ca. Optimistic.b. Acquisitive.c. Formal.d. Frank.II. Fill in the blanks:1.“The backbone of the continent” refers to .(the Rocky Mountains)2.During Ratification, those who supported the Constitution andpreferred a strong national government were called , theiropponents were called . (Federalists, Antifederalists)3.The war of 1812 was also known as for America goteconomically independent after it. (Second War of Independence)4.Washington D. C. is situated on River which is thetraditional dividing line between the South and the North. (thePotomac)5.The United States is the most populous country. (third)6.In his Abraham Lincoln expressed his ideas of ademocratic government “of the people, by the people and for thepeople.”(Gettysburg Address)7.In the year , President Nixon visited China, and later during‘s presidency, formal diplomatic relations between China and theUnited States were established. (1972, Jimmy Carter)8.The division of powers by a constitution between the centralgovernment and state government is called .(Federalism)9.By law any American citizen of and over years ofage and of being a resident within the United States foryears can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualifiedpresident-elect takes office on the of January followinghis election. (natural-born, 35, 14, 20th)10.When a Bill is vetoed by the President, it can still become a law ifthe Congress . the veto by a vote of both houses.(override, two-thirds)11.The United States is bordered on the north by , on the south byand , on the east by , and on the westby . (Canada, Mexico, The Gulf of Mexico, The Atlantic,the Pacific)12.Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, theybecame a center for . and . The middle colonies wereknown as the , which produced wheat and potatoes as themajor staple. The southern colonies developed a . system. Themain crop in the South was , much later, . (fishing,shipbuilding, breadbasket, plantation, tobacco, cotton)13.The First World War was waged between tow groups of imperialistpowers: . and . ( the Allies/the Entente, the CentralEuropean Powers)14.The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was theformation of the . (League of Nations)15.The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adoptedin , which granted women the right to . (1920, vote)16.The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of thein New York in October, . This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Australia and South America. (stock market, 1929)17.The candidate with the most voters in a state wins all of thatstate’s votes. This is known as the “”principle. The candidates who wins the of the 538 ElectoralCollege votes will be US President in the next four years. (electoral, winner-take-all, 270)18.American universities offer three main categories of graduate degrees:1) , 2) , 3) . (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph. D)19.Each of the fifty states in the US provides a free schooling ofyears to its residents. (12)20.Among the five Great Lakes, only Lake belongs entirely tothe US. (Michigan)21.The emblem of the Democratic Party is , and that of theRepublican Party is . is considered the firstDemocratic President, and first Republican President is .(donkey, elephant, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln)III. True or False Statements:1.People usually regard Christopher Columbus as the discoverer of theNew World, though before him, Norsemen from Scandinavia had alreadyfound this continent.2.During the Ratification of the Constitution, Thomas Jefferson andother federalists worked hard to support a strong central government.3.The Missouri Compromise brought a solution to the immediate problemof the extension of slavery.4.Germany’s unrestricted submarine campaign against merchant ships wasone of the reasons that pushed America into World War I.5.Standing committees are permanent ones to determine whether proposedlegislation should be presented to the entire House or Senate forconsideration.6.Louisiana Purchase was the largest real estate deal in US history,which got for America the present Louisiana State.7.Franklin Roosevelt was one of the greatest American Presidents whoseNew Deal effectively put an end to the Great Depression.8.The Vice President is officially the presiding officer of the Houseof Representatives, and in his absence, the president pro temporetakes his place to deal with day-to-day business.9.Immediately after Abraham Lincoln took office, the southern statesbegan to secede from the Federal Union and organized the Confederate States of America.10.The people of the US are predominantly white, among whom the mostpowerful and influential group is the White Anglo-Saxon Protestantswho are the descendents of the early English settlers.11.Voting requirements are different in one state from another, andvoting qualifications are not determined by federal government.12.When the state governments act out the powers given to it in theconstitution, the Federal Government has no right to interfere.13.In the , every state constitution divided political power among threeelements.14.The power of the state in the US is actually from the stateconstitution and the US Constitution.15.The supreme law of the United States includes the US Constitution,treaties under the authority of the United States and laws to ensure the constitutional power being practiced.16.It was the New York Times that first uncovered the Watergate scandalin 1972.17.Generally speaking, older people with more education and high incometend to vote while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has thelowest voting percentage in the United States.18.As the opposite of Federalists, the Anti-Federalists insisted on theexpansion of slavery in the country.IV. Explain the following terms:FederalismMelting potMosaicSeparation of powersJudicial reviewWinner-take-allFilibusterPocket vetoCold warNew DealMissouri CompromiseV. Questions for discussion1.How many states are there in the United States? And which two statesare geographically separated from the others?2.What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and theAppalachian Mountains?3.Do you think that geography has played an important role in theeconomic development of the United States? Explain.4.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?5.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the UnitedStates?6.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?7.Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.8.Why did the discoveries of the New World before Columbus not exertgreat influence in the world at that time?9.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17thcentury?10.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?11.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonialdays?12.How do you understand checks and balances in American politicalsystem?13.What do you know about the American Civil War, its causes, process,results, etc?14.How do you comment on the constitutional division of powers inAmerican political system?15.Which president in American history do you think is the greatest? Why? two universally celebrated holidays in America and describe howpeople usually celebrate them.VI. Questions based on further reading1. Where can you see the Old Faithful Geyser?a. Yellowstone National Parkb. Death Valleyc. Great Lakesd. Lake District2. In 1884 when fund-raising in America for the base of Statue ofLiberty was in difficulty, . came to the rescue.a. Daniel Joncaireb. Frederic-Auguste Bartholdic. Jeanne Emilied. Joseph Pulitzer3. “We hold these Truths to be self-evident, that all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.” The sentence is taken from .a. Declaration of Independenceb. the Thirteenth Amendmentc. Bill of Rightsd. Emancipation Proclamation4. is a legislative device to thwart majority action on a measure by prolonging or delaying a veto.a. Filibusterb. Tie votec. Pocket vetod. Override5. American Civil War broke out in .a. Fort Sumterb. Fort Jeffersonc. Fort Pickensd. Fort Taylor6. The time period traditionally assigned to Reconstruction is to .a. 1861, 1865b. 1862, 1868c. 1863, 1878d. 1865, 1877。

英美概况美国历史练习题I. Multiple Choices1. The history of the U.S. is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A. 1620B. 1607C. 17762. The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A. MarylandB. South CarolinaC. DelawareD. Colorado3. _____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A. John CabotB. MagellanC. BalboaD. Cartier4. The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A. simpleB. easyC. roughD. hard5. The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A. 1765, 1766B. 1764, 1765C. 1763, 17646. The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A. PhiladelphiaB. BostonC. New York7. The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A. 1776, 1784B. 1775, 1783C. 1706, 17148. Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A. GettysburgB. PittsburghC. Trenton9. The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A. New YorkB. SaratogaC. Bunker Hill10. On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A. YorktownB. BostonC. Charleston11. The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to revise _____.A. The Articles of the ConfederationB. Bill of RightsC. Civil Rights12. The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A. the Bill of RightsB. the ArticlesC. Civil Rights13. After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A. WashingtonB. New YorkC. Philadelphia14. The pamphlet "Common Sense" was written by _____.A. Thomas EdisonB. Thomas PaineC. Thomas Jefferson15. The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handed policy which was called _____.A. the "Intolerable Acts"B. Un-American ActivitiesC. the Sedition Act16. The greatest contribution made by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A. abolishing the Sedition ActB. reducing taxesC. purchasing Louisiana from France17. The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____. The U.S.won the war.A. 1812, 1814B. 1813, 1815C. 1814, 181618. As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A. 1/4B. 1/2C. 1/319. In 1844 the U.S. forced the Chinese Government to sign the first unequal treaty of _____.A. WangxiaB. NanjingC. Tianjin20. The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A. 50, 1781B. 13, 1781C. 13, 178721. _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Boston22. It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A. Alexander HamiltonB. Thomas JeffersonC. George Washington23. _____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A. John AdamsB. Thomas JeffersonC. James Madison24. The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A. James MadisonB. James MonroeC. John Adams25. The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance's program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A. Monroe DoctrineB. Sedition ActC. Holy Alliance26. _____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A. John AdamsB. Andrew JacksonC. Andrew Johnson27. _____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A. Douglas BillB. Monroe DoctrineC. Sedition Act28. During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared the abolition of slavery.A. Homestead BillB. Emancipation ProclamationC. Both A and B29. The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A. Bull RunB. GettysburgC. Richmond30. The first imperialist war took place between the U.S. and _____ in 1898.A. BritainB. FranceC. Spain31. The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A. Abraham LincolnB. Andrew JohnsonC. Thomas JeffersonD. George Washington32. In 1918 President _____ issued the "Fourteen Points".A. Woodrow WilsonB. William H. TaftC. Theodore RooseveltD. Warren G. Harding33. Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A. New YorkB. ChicagoC. Washington34. In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A. firstB. secondC. third35. McCarthy was notorious for his harsh _____ persecution of the progressive people.A. religiousB. spiritualC. political36. The Ku Klux Klan was the most notorious terrorist society which persecuted the _____.A. blacksB. IndiansC. progressive people37. On August 14, 1914, the U.S. and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A. the Teheran DeclarationB. the Atlantic CharterC. the Washington Proclamation38. In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the so-called "_____", invading China by means of both force and culture.A. Open Door PolicyB. Big StickC. Douglas Bill39. The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____, lasting for about four years.A. 1913, 1917B. 1914, 1918C. 1915, 191940. The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A. Axis, AlliesB. Holy Alliance, AxisC. Central Powers, Allies41. The assassination of a(n) _____ prince, Arch Duke Ferdinand, served as the direct fuse for the outbreak of WWI.A. AustraliaB. BelgiumC. Austria42. Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A. 33B. 38C. 3943. The frequent emergence of the economic crisis in the U.S.A. led to the following disastrous effects except _____.A. inflationB. the rise of pricesC. the decrease of populationD. the decrease of the purchasing capacity44. In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. New YorkC. Philadelphia45. _____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A. 48B. 47C. 4546. At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S. and Britain discussed the problem of opening the second battlefield in Europe.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Casablanca47. In July 1945, Britain, the U.S. and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam to formulate an occupation policy and set up a program for the future of Germany. The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A. CairoB. TeheranC. PotsdamD. Quebec48. The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A. the Allies and the Axis (powers)B. the Axis and Holy AllianceC. the Central Powers and the Allies49. The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A. Paris TreatyB. Versailles TreatyC. Teheran Treaty50. The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945. At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N. etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A. YaltaB. TeheranC. Potsdam51. The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A. 1920B. 1918C. 191952. The U.S. Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A. LevestoneB. William FosterC. Earl Browder53. The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A. 1929, 1933B. 1933, 1937C. 1924, 192954. The programmer of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished to participate in was called _____.A. Eisenhower DoctrineB. Marshall PlanC. Truman Doctrine55. The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A. Vietnam WarB. Cold WarC. Korean War56. In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO to coordinate the military actions of member nations against the _____.A. GermanyB. JapanC. Soviet Union57. The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A. 1939, 1945B. 1937, 1943C. 1938, 194558. After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A. the Allies, the Axis PowersB. the USSR, the USAC. the old capitalist countries, the new ones59. There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970's.A. sixB. fiveC. seven60. The President Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a policy called _____ to save the economic situation.A. Good NeighborB. the Open Door PolicyC. the New Deal61. The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A. Midway IslandB. BritainC. Normandy62. In Feb. _____ came President Nixon's historic visit to China.A. 1979B. 1972C. 197363. In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A. the Korean WarB. the Vietnam WarC. the US-Spanish War64. On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. Japanese65. The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A. 13B. 50C. 4866. The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A. the easternB. the westernC. the northern67. _____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A. The English KingB. the local governmentC. the local people68. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A. George WashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. both A and B69. _____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A. King George IB. King George IIIC. King George II70. In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A. San FranciscoB. ChicagoC. New York71. President Nixon visited China in _____.A. 1973B. 1974C. 197272. _____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A. Theodore RooseveltB. George WashingtonC. FranklinD. Roosevelt D. Thomas Jefferson73. The city's name "Philadelphia" means _____.A. brotherly loveB. fishing pitC. philosophy答案：1-5 BDBBA 6-10ABCBA 11-15AABBC 16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA 26-30BABBC 30-35AABAC 36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA 46-50BCABA 51-55CBABC 56-60CABAC 61-65 ABACA 66-70AABBA 71-73CCA。

英美概况面试题及答案高中问题一：英国的首都是什么？英国的官方语言是什么？答案：英国的首都是伦敦。

英国的官方语言是英语。

问题二：请简述美国的独立日是哪一天，并解释其意义。

答案：美国的独立日是7月4日，这一天是为了纪念1776年《独立宣言》的签署，标志着美国从大不列颠的统治下独立出来。

问题三：英国和美国在政治体制上有何不同？答案：英国是一个君主立宪制国家，拥有女王作为国家元首，而实际政治权力由首相和议会掌握。

美国则是一个联邦制国家，实行总统制，总统既是国家元首也是政府首脑。

问题四：请列举至少三个英国和美国在文化上的不同点。

答案：英国和美国在文化上的不同点包括：1) 饮食习惯，例如英国人喜欢下午茶，而美国人更倾向于快餐文化；2) 教育体系，英国的教育体系较为传统，注重学术研究，而美国的教育体系更注重实践和创新；3) 社会礼仪，英国人通常比较保守和讲究礼仪，而美国人则更加随意和直接。

问题五：英国的“脱欧”对英国和欧盟有什么影响？答案：“脱欧”指的是英国退出欧盟。

这一事件对英国意味着需要重新建立与欧盟的贸易关系，同时也可能影响英国的国际地位和经济。

对欧盟而言，英国的退出可能会削弱其整体经济实力和政治影响力。

问题六：美国历史上有哪些重要的移民潮？这些移民潮对美国的发展有何影响？答案：美国历史上重要的移民潮包括19世纪的爱尔兰和德国移民潮，以及20世纪的拉丁美洲和亚洲移民潮。

这些移民潮极大地丰富了美国的多元文化，促进了社会和经济的发展，同时也带来了一些社会问题，如文化融合和就业竞争。

问题七：请简述英国的工业革命对世界历史的影响。

答案：英国的工业革命是18世纪末到19世纪初的一场重大社会经济变革，它标志着从手工劳动向机械化生产的转变。

工业革命极大地提高了生产效率，促进了城市化，改变了人们的生活方式，并对全球经济和社会发展产生了深远影响。

问题八：美国的文化多元性是如何形成的？答案：美国的文化多元性主要是由其历史上的大规模移民潮形成的。

英美概况2试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 巴黎C. 柏林D. 罗马答案：A2. 美国的官方语言是什么？A. 英语B. 西班牙语C. 法语D. 德语答案：A3. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 英镑B. 欧元C. 美元D. 日元答案：A4. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 8月15日D. 10月1日答案：A5. 英国的哪个地区以美丽的自然风光著称？A. 苏格兰高地B. 法国南部C. 意大利北部D. 西班牙东部答案：A6. 美国最大的城市是哪一个？A. 纽约B. 洛杉矶C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：A7. 英国的国花是什么？A. 玫瑰B. 郁金香C. 菊花D. 百合答案：A8. 美国的总统任期是多久？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 8年答案：A9. 英国的哪个城市是工业革命的发源地？A. 曼彻斯特B. 利物浦C. 伯明翰D. 利兹答案：A10. 美国的国鸟是什么？A. 鹰B. 鸽子C. 鹦鹉D. 猫头鹰答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的全称是________。

答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2. 美国的首都是________。

答案：华盛顿特区3. 英国的国旗被称为________。

答案：联合旗4. 美国的国旗有________颗星。

答案：505. 英国的国歌是________。

答案：天佑女王6. 美国的国歌是________。

答案：星条旗7. 英国的皇家宫殿是________。

答案：白金汉宫8. 美国的自由女神像位于________州。

答案：纽约9. 英国的著名大学包括________。

答案：牛津大学10. 美国的著名大学包括________。

答案：哈佛大学三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 简述英国的地理位置。

答案：英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部，由大不列颠岛、爱尔兰岛的北部分和周围的许多小岛组成。

2. 描述一下美国的地形特征。

英美概况习题答案英国概况8. The Capital of Wales is __B___.A SwanseaB CardiffC RhondaD Belfast10. There are two major national parties in Britain: the Conservative party and _C____.A the Liberal PartyB the Democratic PartyC the Labour PartyD the Republican Party5. In 1653 __A___ was made Lord Protector for life.A. Oliver CromwellB. Charles IC. William II11. Norman Conquest began in ___B__.A. 1016B. 1066C. 103516. Charles I was beheaded in ___A__.A. 1649B. 1648C. 165317. It was __A___ who summoned Model Parliament in 1295.A. Edward IB. Henry IVC. Simon de Montfort21. The Glorious Revolution in 1688 was in nature a __A___.A. coup d’étatB. racial slaughterC. peasant rising22. The Industrial Revolution laid a good foundation for the ___A__.A. factory of the worldB. expansion of marketsC. social upheaval25. The Great Charter was signed by __C___ in 1215.A. King Henry IIB. King RichardC. King John26. In the early 14th century feudalism began to ___C__ in England.A. growB. flourishC. declineD. end30. The Anglo-French hostility which began in 1337 and ended in 1453 was known as __B___.A. the Wars of RosesB. the Hundred Y ears’ WarC. Peasant Uprising31. In the first half of 17th century __B___ grow rapidly in England.A. feudalismB. capitalismC. Catholicism41. In 1689 the ―Bill of Rights‖ was passed. ___C__ began inEngland.A. The Constitutional MonarchyB. All Estates ParliamentC. House of Lancaster53. The Seven Y ears War between England and France lasted from _____ to ____A_.A. 1756, 1763B. 1713, 1720C. 1754, 1761C. G. B. Shaw & H. G. Wells填空10. In 1086 William had his official to make a general survey of the land, known as _____ Book.11. The most famous scholar during Anglo-Saxon Times was _____.12. The Battle of _____ paved the way for the Norman Conquest to England.13. The Norman Conquest increased the process of _____ which had begun during the Anglo-Saxon Times.14. Duke William was known in history as William the _____.15. Along with the Normans came the _____ language.18. The _____ _____ in 1688 was in nature a coup d’etat.25. By the treaty of _____ in 1783, Britain recognized the independence of the US.26. In _____ Britain launched the Opium War against China.32. The nature of the Wars of the Roses was a _____ _____ war.33. By the beginning of the Tudor reign the manor system was replaced by the _____ system.34. In the summer of 1588 the Spanish ships, the _____ _____ was defeated by English ships.35. The greatest English humanist was Sir _____ _____ whose work _____ became a humanistic classic in the world literature.36. English Renaissance began in _____ century.37. The House of _____ was notorious for its absolutist rule.38. During the Civil Wars (1642 –1648) the supporters of Parliament were called _____ while the supporters of the King Charles I were called _____.39. In 1653 Cromwell was made _____ _____ for life and started his military dictatorship openly.Domesday Bede Hastings feudalism Conqueror French Glorious Revolution Paris 1840 Chartered feudal civil money Invincible Armada Thomas More, Utopia 16th Stuart Roundheads, Cavaliers Lord ProtectorPolitical System1. The British Monarchy is ___C__.A. electiveB. democraticC. hereditary2. The Constitutional Monarchy started at the end of the __A___ century.A. 17thB. 16thC. 15th3. The __B___ is used as a symbol of the whole nation and is described as the representative of the people.A. Prime MinisterB. CrownC. Parliament4. The oldest part of British Parliament is _B____.A. the House of CommonsB. the House of LordsC. the CharmerD. the Shadow Cabinet5. The decision making organ in British Parliament is __B___.A. the CrownB. the CabinetC. Shadow Cabinet6. The life of Parliament is fixed at ___C__ years.A. fourB. sixC. five7. The House of Commons consists of __A___ members who are elected from the _____ electoral districts.A. 651, 651B. 535, 535C. 635, 63510. The _____ _A____ is the supreme administrative institution.A. British governmentB. British ParliamentC. OppositionD. Privy Council11. The ___A__ is the core of leadership of the British government.A. CabinetB. Privy CouncilC. Crown15. The president (or head) of the House of Lords in Britain is __A___.A. Lord ChancellorB. SpeakerC. Prime minister16. ___B__ was formed by the trade unions, cooperatives, the Social Democratic Federation, the Independent Labour Party and the Fabian Society in 1900.A. The Conservative PartyB. The Labour PartyC. The Liberal Party.17. It is the ___A__ who organizes the Cabinet and presides over its meetings.A. Prime MinisterB. Lord PresidentC. Speaker28. During the Civil War, the supporters of the King and the Church were known as ____B_.A. RoundheadsB. LoyalistsC. the Whigs23. The two major parties in Britain are the _____ Party and the _____ Party.24. During the Civil War, the non-Puritan Anglicans who supported the king and church were known as Cavaliers or _____, the Puritans who supported Parliament were known as Roundheads or _____ _____.25. In 1833 the T ory changed its name to the _____, and in 1860s the _____ became liberals.Conservative, Liberal loyalists, Parliament Men Conservative, WhigGeography12. London is situated on the River of __B___. A. Parret B. Thames C. Spey13. Edinburgh is the capital of __B___. A. England B. ScotlandC. Wales33. The contribution made by the Normans to Britain is the following except ___D__.A. final unification of EnglandB. foundation of aristocracyC. great administrative progressD. some peculiarities of dialect34. About __A___ percent of the population live in cities or towns. A. 80 B. 85 C. 9035. The land available for farming in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland does not exceed _A____ million acres.A. 30B. 25C. 4036. The highest mountain in England is __C___.A. Mt. MourneB. Mt. SnowdonC. Mt. Seafell37. The second largest city in England is ___B__.A. GlasgowB. BirminghamC. Manchester14. The climate of Britain is moderated by the _____ _____ _____ and is much milder than that of many places in the same latitude.15. Britain’s Industrial Revolution took place between _____ and _____.Atlantic Gulf Stream 1750, 185014. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early __C__ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called __D___A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In ____B_, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared __A__ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation4．Christianity was brought to Britain____D______．A．directly by the Roman priests B．directly by traders and soldiersC．directly by the Pope D．indirectly by trader and soldiers 9．Magna Cater was proposed by the barons led by___B________against King John in 1215．A．Simon de Montfort B．Langton C．Watt Tyler D．Jack Straw12．The Doomsday Book was completed in____D______．A．1083 B．1084 C．1085 D．108615．The English Renaissance was usually thought of as beginning with the accession of _____C________to the throne A．The House of Lancaster B．The House of PlantagenetC．The House of Tudor D．The House of Stuart16．King John was forced to put his seal to Magna Carter_____B_____．A．on July 9,1215 B．June 19.1215 C．June 14,1381 D．July 15,131817．The spirit of Magna Carter was_____A_____.A．A limitation of the powers of the king B．the foundation of English libertiesC．a limitation of the powers of the barons D．an expansion of the powers of tie king22．William，Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the Battle of Hastings in BA．1065 B．1066 C．1067 D．106836．The English Renaissance is said to have begun in__C_____.A．1422 B．1478 C．1485 D．149541. In England no females were allowed to vote in national elections before__A____.A. 1918B. 1920C. 1928D. 194560. Parliament has the following functions except__C____.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring war and making peaceD. examining the actions of the Government65. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date fromthe__A____centuries.A.l2th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except __C___.A. Y aleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of T echnology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New Y ork are located in _D____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important ___A__ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by __B___.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, __B___ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention55. President Jefferson bought __B___ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the LouisianaC. KansasD. Ohio58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and __C___ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to ―save American _D____.‖A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported _______.13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into _____ and ______.34. The most-known universities in Britain are _____ and _____ which date from the _____ and _____ centuries.11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 33. further education, high education 34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th美国概况1 The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except __C___.A George WashingtonB Thomas JeffersonC William PennD Benjamin Franklin2 The New Deal was started by __A___.A Franklin RooseveltB J.K. KennedyC George WashingtonD Thomas Jefferson3 The United States was rated __C___ in the world in terms of land areas.A secondB thirdC fourthD fifth5 The Bill of Rights consists of __C___.A 10 very short paragraphs in an amendmentB 10 amendments adopted in 1787C 10 amendments added to the Constitution in 1791D the amendments concerning the freedom of speech, the freedom of the press and the freedom of religion8 The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from _D____.A George WashingtonB Thomas JeffersonC John AdamsD John Locke9 The District of Manhattan is in the city if ___C__.A Washington D.C.B San FranciscoC New Y orkD Chicago10 The seats in the Senate are allocated to different states__D___.A according to their populationB according to their sizeC according to their tax paid to federal governmentD equally1 C, 华盛顿、杰弗逊和弗兰克林都是美国创建时的元老功勋、而William Penn 是美国宾州的创始人。

《最新英美概况》练习参考答案（本答案不包括练习中的开放性习题、思考题和讨论题）====================================================PART TWO The United StatesChapter Eight The LandP. 209—210I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the Star-Spangled Banner, Defense of Fort McHenry, 1812.2. the Stars and the Stripes, Old Glory, the Star-Spangled Banner.3. The White House, The Capitol, The Pentagon.4. June, 14th, June 14th.5. the Potomac, no state, the Federal government.6. 36, 36 states.7. Amerigo Vespucci, American War of Independence.8. Pierre L’Enfant, light, service.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. C2. D3. C4. A B C D5. C DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. (1) At first the Continent was named as “America” after explorer AmerigoVespucci.(2) During the American War of Independence, the former British colonies firstused “the thirteen united States of America” in the Declaration of Independence.(3) The official name of America was adopted on November 15, 1777, when theSecond Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation.2. The 50 stars represent the 50 States, while the 13 stripes represent theoriginal thirteen colonies.White indicates purity and innocence; red indicates valour and bravery, and blue symbolizes vigilance, perseverance and justice; it is also a symbol of respect to God.3. The stars and strips have different meanings.Each star represents each state in America, while strips represent the original thirteencolonies before the independence of America.4. (1) The lyrics of the national anthem come from “Defense of Fort McHenry”,a poem written during the War of 1812.The poem was set to the tune of a popular British drinking song, “The AnacreonticSong” (or “To Anacreon in Heaven”).(2) The Star-Spangled Banner was used officially by the Navy in 1889, and wasmade the national anthem by congress on March 3, 1931, which was signed by President Herbert Hoover.5. The White House was built in1792 and its original color was grey.During the War of 1812, it was badly damaged by the British troops, and in 1814 it was repainted white.President Roosevelt named it “White House” in the 1940s.P. 213I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the central part of, Mexico and Gulf of Mexico, east, west.2. 48, Hawaii, Alaska.3. the Rio Grande, Pacific.4. 9,629,091, the third, Canada.5. Alaska, Texas.6. Arctic, glaciers.II Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. T4. F5. FIII Answer the following questions.1. (1) The Atlantic coast, the Pacific coast and Hawaii provide convenient searoutes for foreign trade.(2) The long coastline with many harbors and inlets provides favorableconditions for foreign trade and the fishing industry.(3) Mainland America, mainly within the northern temperate zone, is favorablefor agriculture.2. The U.S. and Canada share the “world's longest undefended border.” The borderwas demilitarized after the War of 1812 and has remained peaceful. Military collaboration began during World War II and continued throughout the Cold War on both a bilateral basis and a multilateral relationship through NATO. Both countries are NATO members and have high military interdependency, inparticular, during the Cold War against Soviet threat.Today Canadians and Americans are in close cultural proximity, sharing the same language, similar religion and political systems as well as many values.Their economic relations are so close (they have been each other’s No. 1 trading partner for years) that the two countries have established the North American Free Trade Agreement, the world’s largest free-trade zone. Both enjoy the most developed and richest economies in the world as well as a comparable standard of living (Canada’s welfare system is even more comprehensive and covers more widely).To guard the over 8000-kilometer long land border is not only expensive but also unnecessary (in a sense, impossible, because it is too long), because neither people worry that their neighbors would cross the border on a large scale or stay in their country for a long time.3. The border between the U.S. and Mexico is heavily guarded (mostly on the Americanside) against illegal immigrants entering the U.S. while people can enter Mexico freely. The cause is mostly economic rather than political. There is a huge disparity in the standard of living between the U.S. and Mexico whose per capita GDP is only about 20% that of the U.S. (2012 World Bank statistics). It is estimated six out of the eleven million illegal immigrants living in the U.S.are Mexicans, and millions more plan to enter the U.S. They try to benefit from the American business or job opportunities or from the American welfare system or even to engage in drug-trafficking and smuggling. Another purpose is to combat crime and terrorism, particularly after the 9.11 terrorist attacks. The U.S.-Mexican border areas witness the most serious drug-trafficking and gang violence in the world. Some Mexicans, in particular those haunted by the serious drug-related violence in recent years, try to escape from the violence in Mexico by moving to the U.S. In a word, if the US-Mexico border is open and unguarded as the U.S.-Canada border, there would be millions of Mexicans trying to migrate to America so that the consequent problems would be very difficult for the U.S.deal with.4. Alaska, facing Russia across Bering Strait, is located between the Arctic andPacific oceans, so it’s important for strategic position and transportation.5. Hawaii, like a chain of beads, is located in the central Pacific Ocean, thebest place to enjoy the oceanic scenery.It is famous for natural scenery: white beach, blue sky, and palm trees, etc.The famous Pacific Fleet is located at Pearl Harbor, Oahu Island.P. 221—222I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Lake Superior, Erie, Ontario.2. Columbia Plateau, the Great Canyon.3. the Rockies, the father of waters.4. dairy farming, Harvard, Yale, MIT.5. Death Valley, Great Salt Lake.6. 38, Yellowstone National Park, Old Faithful.7. 4,800, British Columbia, the backbone of the continent, Mt. Elbert.8. Hoover Dam, The Rio Grande, Ruhr.9. half, “Barn of America”, Great Lakes.10. dividing line, Lake Erie, New York.II Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A B C2. D3. A D4. A B5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. T3. F4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United Statesconsisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, where the earliest English settlements in North America was made.In the late 18th century, the New England Colonies initiated the resistance to the British Parliament's efforts to impose new taxes without the consent of the colonists. The confrontation led to the Declaration of Independence in July 1776, which resulted in the War of American Independence that brought about the birth of the United States of America.2. The Appalachians holds one sixth of the continental territory. The mountainsare relatively low, and the average altitude is only 800 meters high.These old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, and have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts.3. It is the most important and longest river in the US. It flows about 6,400 km.from the Rockies to the Gulf of Mexico, and the fourth longest river in the world.With hundreds of tributaries, the river is know n as “the father of waters”.The chief tributaries are the Missouri River, the Ohio River, and the Arkansas, etc.4. They are the largest lake group in the world and contain about half of the world’sfresh water. All the five lakes are inter-connected, reaching the Atlantic by way of the St. Lawrence River. They are the important economic lifeline of the Midwest.The world-famous Niagara Falls also attracts numerous visitors.5. The Great Plain stretches from the west of the Mississippi to the Rockies, andcovers a distance of about 6,400 kilometers. The land is flat and open, and is originally covered with rich prairie grass, but no trees. Today the area is stilla cattle country. Much of the nation’s wheat is grown here, therefore the areais known as the “breadbasket” of America.The Grand Canyon is located in Colorado Plateau, and is cut by Colorado River.It is one of the great natural wonders of the world, and is set up as national park. It measures about 277 miles long, up to 18 miles wide between the tops of its steep walls, and more than a mile deep.P. 224--225I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. little, 63%.2. the Central Plains, the Rockies, electricity.3. Bingham.4. 1/3, Washington, Oregon.5. Gulf of Mexico, Okalahoma.6. gold, gold, Gold Rush.II. Respond to the following items.1. America is rich in water resources. As a whole the country has little troublewith water shortage. Except for the desert regions around the southern Rockies, there are large supplies of fresh water and numerous fertile valleys.2. About 1/3 of America is covered with forests. The greatest virgin forests arein the states of Washington and Oregon. America has about 500 million acres of commercial forests and about 75% of commercial timber is produced in the eastern part of the country.3. In 1848, gold was discovered in California. The news soon spread out, andthousands of immigrants from around the world invaded the Gold Country of California. The peak of the rush was in 1849, thus the many immigrants became known as the '49ers.4. Coal deposits are widely distributed in America, and most coal reserves areto be found in the Appalachians, the Central Plain, and the Rockies.Most of iron ore is mainly found in the Appalachians and the areas near Lake Superior, and themost important mining area is in Minnesota.P. 226--227I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. northern temperate (P225 书中该词拼写错误), landforms and surrounding waters.2. temperate, tropical.3. temperate, north, hurricanes.4. maritime, distinct, similar.5. Mediterranean, arid, semiarid.6. temperate, temperature.II Answer the following questions.1. The United States is mainly situated in the northern temperature zone. But,owing to its large size, varied landforms and surrounding waters, the climate is tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the Great Plains, and arid in the Great Basin.2. New England belongs to maritime climate. It has distinct seasons with a longcold winter, and short and warm summer. Spring and Fall are warm, and the region receives plenty of rainfall.The Middle Atlantic States have a similar climate to that of New England, but the average temperature is a little higher.3. The Great Plains have a variety of weather throughout the year, which is verycold in winter and very hot in summer, with often strong winds.4. The climate around the Great Lakes is temperate. Winters are sometimes extremelycold; summers are very hot; the region receives sufficient rainfall. The wind blows freely, and often causes sudden and extreme changes in temperature and creates many tornadoes.P. 232I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T P. 237I Write down the names of the places according to the photos.1. Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco2. Niagara Falls3. Las Vegas4. Red Rock Country5. The Grand Canyon6. DisneylandP. 240I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. FChapter Nine The People and Their CultureP. 243I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. third, China, 313.7 million. (书中in 2010错误, 应改为 in 2012.)2. 1%, high, below.3. urban, 250.4. northeastern part, 1/4, half.5. New York city, 27 million, Chicago, 9 million.6. California, Texas.II Answer the following questions.1. American population is characterized by variety in composition. The White isthe main stream, and takes up about 72.4% of the total population. Hispanics16.3%, Blacks 12.6%, Asians 4.8 %, American Indians and Alaska Natives 0.9%,and Native Hawaii and other Pacific Islanders 0.2%.2. The most densely populated region is the northeastern area, including parts of New England, the Mid Atlantic and Mid West. The size of the region takes up about 1/4 of the total, but almost 1/2 of the total population lives there.3. Comparing with the large size, the population density of the Great Pains is low. The northern part is rather empty. In the combined area of North and South Dakotas, Nebraska and Kansas, an area as great as France and Italy put together, there are only 6.2 million inhabitants in 2010.4. The northeastern part is the most densely populated region in America, because this place is the birthplace of America, also the highly developed area.Since the unfavorable living conditions in the west part of the Great Plains and Rockies, the population is thin.The south and west used to thinly populated, but with the rapid development in recent years, the population increases fast, and the population along the Pacific Coast grows dense.P. 247--248I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 55 million, Mexico.2. variety, 100, 31.3. African Americans, slaves.4. Civil Rights, equal civil rights.5. Texas, New Mexico.6. American Indians, Indian Reservations.II Answer the following questions.1. Melting pot is metaphorically used to refer to the US because it is a countryof many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World for freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their differen t ethnic cultures towards some “standard” by living and workingtogether in the “melting pot” of the US and gradually forming a new nation.2. Indian Reservation is the living place of Indians. Indians were driven westwardto live in these barren desert places when Europeans settled in American continent.In these isolated places, they were allowed to keep a part of their own culture and customs.But the Reservations lacked basic public facilities and life-sustaining opportunities. The situation is somewhat better today, but there continues to be problems3. The Hispanics are Spanish-speaking people from Latin America. Over half ofHispanic Americans are of Mexican descents. The second largest group is of Puerto Rican origin. Other origins include Cuban Americans, Colombian Americans, Dominican Americans, etc.P. 250--251I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 337, 176.2. Spanish, French.3. English, American.4. Spanish, Spanish.5. Cantonese, third, Chinese American.6. their native, English.II Answer the following questions.1. About 337 languages are spoken by Americans, of which 176 are indigenous, and52 languages formerly spoken in the country are now extinct.2. American English was inherited from British colonization, but there are somechanges in spelling, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation, etc.3. Spanish is the second most common language in America. The United States holdsthe world’s fifth largest Spanish-speaking population. Spanish is also an official language of Puerto Rico. Spanish is also the most widely taught second language in America.4. The largest French-speaking communities are in Northeast Maine; Hollywood andMiami, Florida; New York City; and certain areas of rural Louisiana.P. 253--254I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. high adherence, diversity.2. Christians, Protestants, Roman Catholics.3. 30, Baptists, Methodists.4. Judaism, Chinese Americans.5. African Americans, African slaves.6. India, Asian countries.II Answer the following questions.1. The principle of the separation of church and state comes from AmericanConstitution. The First Amendment of the US Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and fords the establishment of any religious government.2. Religion plays an important role in many aspects of American life (politics,education, charity and culture) as well as in its international relations.American foreign aid (governmental and private) is very closely related to religion, and based on Christian values that all men and women are the children of God, therefore brothers and sisters; the US State Department issues an annual report on human rights and criticizes the human rights records in many countries (of which religious freedom is stressed), which is regarded as interfering the internal affairs of other countries; American churches sent many missions abroad, establishing churches, schools and hospitals around the world, such as what the missionaries did in China in 19th and early 20th centuries (e.g., John Leighton Stuart <司徒雷登>and the Yanching University <燕京大学>) . They worked with the American government for the diffusion of their religion and values.Value-oriented diplomacy is one of the characteristics of American international relations. A very important mission of American diplomacy is to diffuse its values around the world, and many such values derive from religion, such as equality, liberty and fraternity; religion even plays a role in the American decisions of war and peace, such as the American war on terror in Iraq and Afghanistan.3. Their basic beliefs include the love of learning; the worship of God out oflove, not out of fear; and the performing of the heartfelt good deeds without concerning about rewards.4. The major non-Christian religions include Judaism, Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism, etc.P. 257I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. racial, cultural2. hard work3. formal class system4. “do-it-yourself”5. The Epic of AmericaP. 261-262I Fill in the blanks with names of the holidays.New Year’s DayThe third Monday in January, Martin Luther King DayWashington’s Birthday, Presidents DayThe last Monday in May, American CivilIndependence Day, “Fourth of July”Columbus Day, Christopher ColumbusNovember 11The fourth Thursday in November, Thanksgiving DayDecember 25, Christmas Day, Jesus ChristP. 264I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. 19352. Franklin Roosevelt3. Aid to families with Dependent Children (AFDC)4. MedicareP. 270I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TP. 275I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Baseball2. American football3. the Dream Team4. the Australian Open, the French Open, Wimbledon, the US Open5. mixed martial artsP. 279I Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. T5. TP. 286-287I Link the following great names with famous sayings below them.B, A, J, D, F, C, E, I, G, HChapter Ten A Brief History of the United StatesP. 290-291I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a broad land bridge2. adapted to the different environments they lived in3. hunting, fishing4. collectiveII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. C3. C (书中C选项中的第四个词“no”删掉)4. C5.AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. T5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Menzies argued that Zhenghe discovered North America much earlierthan Columbus did. He presented many archeological findings ofChinese articles in North America which were believed to be leftbehind by Zheng’s fleet.2. Some Native Americans tribes lived in the eastern woods, some inthe western deserts, others along the coastal areas, thereforedifferent cultures and languages evolved due to the differentenvironment conditions.3. Native Americans had developed a relative high civilization (somecould plant maize and bean, some could build dams and big houses withmany rooms, while others could also weave clothes and make pottery).They had collective ownership of means of production and women in sometribe enjoyed high status.4. Native Americans believed that everything in nature had spiritualpower. Damaging the environment such as overfishing would offend thespiritual power in nature and get punished.5. The continent of America was named after Amerigo Vespucci, who mademany descriptions of the new continent in his letters and people thenthought he had first discovered North America.P. 293-294I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. several times larger2. New Netherland3. West India4. make France the most powerful nation in Europe and North AmericaII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. D3. D4. A5. BIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. T5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Spanish colonists came to North America to find gold, to serve theirking and to spread their religion.2. People from many places lived together peacefully, they spoke manydifferent languages, had different religions, they learned to betolerant and contributed to the diversity in today’s America.3. King Louis XIV wanted to develop New France to make France strongerthan Great Britain and Spain by exploiting the natural resources inNew France.4. The major colonies established by major European powers includedNew Spain, New Netherland, New France and the British colonies inNorth America. Most colonies were established through the use of forcebecause European settlers were militarily more powerful than NativeAmericans who had only primitive weapons such as spears and arrows. P. 297-298I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. Jamestown, Georgia2. Puritans wanted to be able to communicate with God directly throughreading the Bible to understand God; education was also importantin cultivating democracy among its citizens.3. build a school supported by tax4. diversified, cosmopolitan and tolerant5. rural and engaged in farmingII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. A2. D3. D4. C5. AIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. Because they were persecuted back in Britain and they wanted toestablish “a city upon hill” in the New World for the rest of theworld to look upon.2. Because some colonies were merged in larger ones and there werethirteen colonies before the American War for Independence.3. The differences were a result of different climate patterns,different settlers and their values and beliefs.4. The Mayflower Compact was important because it expressed people’swill to govern by themselves. It started the democratic election ofleaders and people reached a consensus that they would abide by thejust and equal laws passed by their chosen leaders.5. Slavery was mostly in the southern colonies because of the climatecondition in the South where summer is long and hot while winter shortand warm. The land is also rich. Therefore, natural conditions makesplanting of cotton, tobacco and rice based on slavery profitable inthe South (while the white were either unfit or too proud to till theland in the hot climate).P. 301-302I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. a high degree of autonomy, liberties and democracy2. they were actually British subjects and needed British protection3. t hey believed that only their chosen representatives had the power to tax them.4. the closing of the port of Boston, depriving the self-rule ofMassachusetts5. appealing to the English king to abolish the Intolerable ActsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. A3. A4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. F2. F3. F4. F5. FIV Answer the following questions.1. After the Seven Years’ War, Britain tightened its economic andpolitical control over the colonists, who resisted the Britishcontrol because they had been used to a high-degree autonomy anddemocracy.2. They were named the “Intolerable Acts”because the measures wereintolerable to the colonists. The Acts hurt the economic interestsand violated rights of the colonists. The acts included closing theport of Boston, the deprivation of self-rule of Massachusetts andothers.3. The colonists were united and they enjoyed the advantages of beingfamiliar with the home battleground. They also received foreign aidfrom France, Spain and the Netherlands.4. The Declaration of Independence is significant because it announcedcolonists’belief (the first in the world) that all people are equaland have some natural rights (life, liberty, etc.) that cannot beviolated. It also establishes a political principle that a governmentshould protect people’s rights since its power comes from people.If a government violates people’s rights, people then have the rightto overthrow it and establish a new one that can serve people well.The American Revolution is important because it gave birth to thefirst modern republic in the world. It is the first time that coloniesdefeated tyrannical oppressors and won independence, setting a goodexample for other colonies.5. Maybe the American Revolution could have ended in failure.P. 307-308I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. the expanded areas lied west to the earliest colonies2. millions of acres of land3. through war, purchase and threats.4. the Manifest Destiny5. opportunities to realize their dreamsII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. D2. BC3. D4. D5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. F3. T4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Politically, it laid the foundation for the U.S. to become a worldpower; economically, it financed the American development;culturally, it is the source of many literary creations and helpedto forge the American national character.2. Many aspects of the American national character can find their rootsin the Westward Movement such as mobility, independence, optimism andcreativity.3. It was in nature an excuse to justify their aggressive expansion.4. American Indians were the real owners of the land and surelyresisted the expansion of the whites. To get their land, the whitesrepeatedly killed, expelled and mercilessly exploited the Indians.Many Indian tribes died out and the survivors were driven to Indianreservations. Many Indians are still living in poverty.5. Agriculture was greatly enhanced in the West; agriculture fed thepeople and revenue financed the American economic growth; it alsocontributed a great deal to the American Industrialization byproviding rich resources, cheap labor and a huge market for industrialproducts.P. 311-312I Fill in the blanks with proper words or expressions.1. willingly2. unified, high/protective, free3. would be solved by itself4. abolitionists, abolitionII Choose the answer that best completes the sentence.1. B2. ABCD3. ABCD4. AD5. DIII Decide which of the following statements is TRUE:1. T2. T3. F4. F5. TIV Answer the following questions.1. Slavery broke up the domestic market, making the free movement ofcapital and labor impossible.2. Politically, the balance between the North and South was broken whenmore states entered the Union as free states and the South was afraidthat the North would try to abolish slavery when the North could gatherenough votes to pass laws unfavorable to the South; economically, theNorth wanted to develop capitalism which demanded free labor, hightariffs and a unified market and the South wanted to retain itsplantation economy based on slavery; culturally, many people opposedslavery because of its inhumanity, anti-equality and anti-democracynature.3. After the announcement of the Emancipation of Proclamation,hundreds of blacks joined the Union army to fight for their freedom;。

英美国家概况答案【篇一：英语国家概况-谢福之-课后答案-简答题(美国部分)】er 81. how is the american population distributed?the distribution of the american population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. the great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los angeles and san francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?the new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.chapter 91. why did american change its policy and enter world war ii? because of the formation of the axis , the american government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten america’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for america’s entrance into the war.2. what were nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing u.s. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. what were the contents of reagan’s economic program? reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations beeliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.chapter 101. what are the two characteristics of the u.s. constitution? one is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. what are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?a senator must be over 30 years old , a u.s. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a u.s. citizen for no less than seven years.3. what are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national lawsd) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional.4. what is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?the democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. they stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.chapter 111. what industry developments took place during the colonial period of america?during the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they alsobuilt small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in america had become clear.2. how did the civil war affect the american economy?after the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. why does america try to reduce trade barriers?because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.chapter 121. how does an american university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the sat.2. what functions do american higher education institutions perform?higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. what similarities do four famous university share?they all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. what are the origins of thanksgiving day?thanksgiving is associated with the time when europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. during the following summer the native america helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. so they held a big celebration to thank god and the native americans.第四大题chapter 81．why is the united states regarded as a”melting pot” anda ”salad bowl” ?the united states is not merely a nation,but a nation of nations.the immigrants came in waves,including the europeans,the africans and the asians.therefore,america is described as amelting potwhere various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into american culture.recently,america has been called asalad bowlin that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously,but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2． what do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?the best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward differentcultures.people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other.society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated.at the same time the immigrants should keep their own language,customs and religion,contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society. chapter 91. what was the cause of the american civil war?the southern planters of america needed a large number of black african slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property.in the north,with the development of industry,there was a growing demand for free labor.what’s more,t he northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads.but the southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.the accumulating conflicts led to the division of the north and the south and finally the american civil war.2. what made the united states a powerful country by the end of world war ii?during the two world wars,america remained neutral in the early stage.however, americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries.therefore,they not only retained their military forces,but also accumulated great wealth.when america entered the wars,it was almost at the end of the wars.by sharing the fruit of victory with other allies,america greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of world war ii.chapter 101. how is the american president voted into office? what are your ideas about the american election?each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency.to win a presidential election,a candidate has to spend millions of dollars,travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival.the general election is technically divided into two stages.during the first stage,presidential electors for each state will be chosen.in the second stage the electors meet and vote a president.since the second stage is only a kind offormality,everyone knows who will be the next president an soon as the first stage is over.i think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns.and, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the u.s. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become president.2. what was president eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?president eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the cold war.he placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war.he also frequently authorized the cia to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened.the cia helped topple the governments of iran and guatemala,but it suffered an embarrassing failure in indonesia.in addition,eisenhower used u.s.power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in south vietnam,which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the united states.chapter 111. how did the u.s constitution lay the groundwork for american’s economic development ?the u.s.constitution,as an economic charter,established that the entire nation was a unified or commonmarket.there were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce.it provided that thefederal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states,establish uniform bankruptcy laws,create money and regulate its value,fix standards of weights and measures,establish post office and roads,and fix rules governing patents and copyrights.the last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of intellectual property,a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in americas economic development.the government has always played an active and important role in america’s economic development.in the early 1930s,thr united states suffered the worst economic depression in american history.president roosevelt introduced the new deal to tackle the financial crisis.besides,he set up the new york state emergency relief commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.at the end of 1970s, the american economy again suffered a recession.the reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit,cutting taxes and raising interest rates.both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course,in all,the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people.it has prevented flagrant abuses of the system,dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.chapter 121. what are the ideals that guide the american educational system?the first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .the second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . the third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. how does america carry out multicultural education?american schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures.current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success.struggle forequality are vividly depicted,and past racism is bluntly acknowledged.cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.【篇二：2016年春《英美国家概况》在线作业及答案】the us school systems, which of the following divisions is true?a.elementary school, grammar school.b.elementary school, junior high school.c.elementary school, secondary school.d.junior high school, senior high school. 您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.02．第2题to get a bachelor’s degree, an american undergraduatestudent is required to do the following except ____.a.attending lectures and complete assignmentsb.passing examinationsc.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyd.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.03．第3题which of the following is not guaranteed in the bill of rights?a.the freedom of religion.b.the freedom of searching a person’s home by police.c.the freedom of speech and of the press.d.the right to own weapons if one wishes. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题the reason why many american young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s wasthat ____.a.they resented traditional white male values in us society.b.they love america so much.c.they thought they knew better than their teachers.d.they viewed the adult world with grave doubt. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题which of the following institutions isresponsible for the making of the internet?a.the us military.b.the us entertainment industry.c.the us film industry.d.the us education sector.您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题which of the following is not a power of the president?a.the president can veto any bill passed by congress.b.the president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.c.the president can make laws.d.the president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.您的答案：c题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题if a student wants to go to university in britain, he will take the examination called ____.a.general certificate of education – advanced.b.general certificate of secondary education.c.the common entrance examination.d.general national vocational qualifications. 您的答案：a题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题where are international tennis championships held in the uk?a.wembley.b.wimbledonc.london.d.edinburgh您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题a free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.a.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.b.it informs people of current affairs in the world.c.it provides people with subjective reports.d.it publishes short pamphlets for parliament. 您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.010．第10题which city is the capital in scotland?a.cardiffb.edinburghc.glasgowd.manchester您的答案：b题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.011．第11题how many counties are there in northern ireland?a.26b.6c.32d.20您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题when did scotland join the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments?a.in 1715b.in 1688c.in 1745d.in 1707您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题what happened in 1215?a.it was the year of norman conquest in british history.b.forced by barons, king john signed the magna carta.c.hey iv granted the commons the power to review money grants.d.king egbert united england under his rule. 您的答案：b题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题which of the following is not a true description of the queen’s role?a.the queen selects the prime minister and the cabinet.b.the queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the british state.c.the queen acts as a confidante to the primeminister.d.the queen is the temporal head of the church of england.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题which of the following sports was not invented in britain?a.football.b.tennis.c.basketballd.cricket.您的答案：c题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题easter commemorates ____.a.the birth of jesus christ.b.the crucifixion of jesus christ.c.the coming of spring.d.the crucifixion and resurrection of jesus christ.您的答案：d题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题in the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.a.grammar schools.c.public schools.d.technical schools.您的答案：a题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.018．第18题which of the following description about the【篇三：英语国家概况英国--课后问答题[1]】ass=txt>chapter 1questions for thought:1. what was the british empire? what do you know about it? in what way is the ―empire‖ still felt in britainand in the international field? key points:3. a system of monarchy was observed still on today’s britai n, which went through the history. the queen is still the head of the commonwealth.4. the ―empire‖ still can be felt in the following ways:a. there are still close relationships between the uk and the fifty or more countries which used to be its former colonies, and which maintain links through a loose organization called the commonwealth of nations.b. it became one member of the european union since 1973.c. the effect also lies in the makeup of the british population itself. newly immigrants mainly came from the former colonies, specially from india and caribbean area.d. today the monarchrepresents the country in many occasions. e. class exists and lords and peers are obvious evident of the imperial past.2. why does the author say that it is not possible to sum up the british people with a few simple phrases? key points:reasons: 1. regional differences---england, scotland, wales, northern ireland 2. racial differences 3. class differences 4. cultural differences---highland vs lowland 5. religious differences---protestants vs catholics (main in northern ireland) 3. ―british history has been a history of invasion‖. please illustrate this point with the examples from the text.how did each of the invasions influence english culture? key points:4. what are some general characteristics of scotland? how did scotland become part of the union of greatbritain? key points:1. the celts originally lived on scotland, they kept their own culture and language—the gealic.2. around the ad 6th c, people from northern ireland invaded the south-west --- the lowland zone. they were called scots and gave the modern country of scotland its name.3. the scottish people have a strong sense of nationality and desire for cultural independence. they observed some old customs and tradition, like the highland tradition. today, bagpipe, and tartan are considered as the souvenir of the scottish history.4. the division between highland and lowland scotland remains a cultural divide today, in much the same way as north and south england see themselves as different from each other.5. scotland has a great tradition of innovation in the arts, philosophy and science.robert louis stevenson’s famous novel dr jekyll and mr hyde 《吉基尔医生与海德先生》shows that: scotland was superficially fully integrated into the uk, but concealed beneath this is a still-strong scottish identity. union with england in 17071. in 1603, queen elizabeth i of england died. james the 6th of scotland took the throne, called james the first of england; uniting the two thrones2. scotland maintained its separate political identity.3. in 1707, scotland joined the union by agreement of the english and scottish parliaments4. scotland sends 72 representatives to the london parliament.5. describe characteristics of wales and wales’ unification with great britain. characteristics:1.capital: cardiff, on the south coast2.rich coal deposits3.attract foreign investment from japan and u.s, etc. -- new industries to replace coal and steel4.smallest on the british mainland; close to central england; hilly and rugged5.retains a powerful sense of difference from england6.retains its own language; 19% population speaking gaelic unification with great britainacknowledge him as prince of wales by a military campaign, and unified wales as an independent nation. 2.1282, he was killed. the english king edward i named his son the prince of wales, trying to bring wales into the british nation.6. are there any differences between england, scotland and wales in terms of cultural tradition?chapter 2 northern ireland questions for thought:1. why is northern ireland so significant in the uk? what is the political problem there? keys:1. it is significant because of the political troubles there.2. the political troubleoriginal inhabitants were mainly descents of celts; they believed in catholics. the immigrants from scotland and north england in the 17th c, sent by the english king for the sake of better control over ireland, were mainly protestants. their arrival aroused local people’s hostility. they were pressured.in 1921 the ireland got independence while in northern ireland, the majority was protestant and loyalists to the british government, wanted to be separated from the rest parts of ireland.now in northern ireland, the minority—the catholics found it difficult for them to find job. the conflicts between protestants and catholics got increased.to protect the local catholics, the british soldiers stationed northern ireland in 1969, which later accelerated the conflicts between the local people and the british government.2. what are some of the factors in irish and english history that affect the situation in northern ireland today? keys:1. racial,2. religious3. immigration in 17th c.4. the british solders’ station in 1969chapter 3 the government of the united kingdom questions for thought:1. what are some of the characteristics of the british constitutional monarchy? how has the english monarchyevolved gradually to the present constitutional monarchy? 1. the oldest institution of government2. king egbert (埃格伯特国王): the ancestor of the present queen elizabeth ii. united england under his rule in 829.3. divine right of kings (君权神授)---the ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from god, not from his subjects. this was used by the kings as an excuse for abusing power. and the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.4. the civil war set the rights of the parliament. the monarch was kept but his power was limited. the constitution was set up to guarantee rights of people. monarch became a symbol of the country.2. how did the doctrine of the ―divine right of kings‖, according to the author, lead to the english civil war?what do you know about the causes of the english revolution in the 17th century?king james i believed the divine right of kings, so did his descent---charles i. charles i called his t parliament only when he needed to collect money.the civil war was caused by a dispute over the power of the king against parliament in the 17th c. therepublican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament. in 1642, the royalists were defeated and king charles i was executed in 1649.the english civil war not only overthrew feudal in england but also shook the foundation of the feudal rule in europe. it is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history. the civil war was in essence a capitalist revolution because capitalism paved its way of development after the war.3. what is the history of english parliament? what role did the parliament play in the civil war?in medieval times, a group of leading, wealthy barons who were summoned by the king several times a year to give the king some extra money. this was the great council. by the 13th c., representatives of counties, towns and cities were also included in order to raise more money. this was the beginning of what we know as parliament today.in the civil war, the parliament was opposite to the monarchy in their dispute over the power. the republican ―roundheads‖, led by oliver cromwell, wanted to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of parliament.4. discuss the major characteristics and the main content of the british constitution.britain, like israel, has no written constitution. the foundations of the british state are laid out in statute law(成文法), which are laws passed by parliament; the common laws(普通法,判例法), which are laws established through common practice in the courts; and conventions(习惯法), which are rules and practices not existing legally, but regarded as vital to the workings of government.5. why the parliament is supreme in the british sate? what function does parliament have? what role does the queen and the prime minister play in british government?parliament is supreme in the british state because it alone had the power to change the terms of the constitution. there are no legal restraints upon parliament. it can make or change laws, functions: 1) passes laws2) provides the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation3) scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day. the roles of the queen/king1.symbolize the tradition and unity of the british state2.legally head of the executive, (行政部)3.an integral part of the legislature(立法机关)4.head of the judiciary(司法部)2. set standards of good citizenship and family life3. a confidante(知己的女友) to the prime minister, offering valuable observations on the running of governmentrole of the prime ministerking george i was ―imported‖ from germany in 1714 and was not interested in politics, so he left the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of his cabinet ministers, called the prime minister. later in 1832, elections replaced appointment. the party with the most supporters in the commons forms the government and the leader of that party becomes prime minister.today prime minister and his cabinet compose of the entity of the government.6. what kind of institution is the house of lords? what role does it play in british government?it’s one house of the parliament, but the power of making law and collecting taxes mainly resides on the house of commons. the house of lords consists of the lords spiritual(上议院的神职议员), who are the archbishops and most prominent bishops of the church of england; and the lords temporal(上议院的世俗议员), which refers to those lords who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers(called hereditary peers) or they have been appointed(by the sovereign, at the suggestion of the prime minister and were called life peers(终身贵族). the lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the publicchapter 4 politics questions for thought:1. who can stand for election as an mp in the uk? why are small parties and independent candidates powerlessin the election campaign for the formation of a government?anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an mp. it is necessary only to make a deposit of 500 pounds which is lost if the candidate does not receive at least 5% of the vote.because even they were to win the seat they would be powerless in parliament against the big parties’ representatives (p54, para1)2. what are three big parties in the uk? what are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between the threeparties?they are the labor party, the conservative party and the liberal democratic party.the labour party--- one of the 2 biggest parties in the uk. it is also the newest party, created by the trade union movement at。

英美概况考试题目及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 巴黎B. 伦敦C. 纽约D. 华盛顿特区答案：B2. 美国的独立日是哪一天？A. 7月4日B. 4月17日C. 12月25日D. 11月11日答案：A3. 英国的官方语言是什么？A. 法语B. 德语C. 英语D. 西班牙语答案：C4. 美国最大的城市是哪个？A. 洛杉矶B. 纽约C. 芝加哥D. 休斯顿答案：B5. 英国的货币单位是什么？A. 欧元B. 美元C. 英镑D. 日元答案：C6. 美国的国土面积在世界上排名第几？A. 第一B. 第二C. 第三D. 第四答案：B7. 英国的哪个城市是著名的文化和艺术中心？A. 爱丁堡B. 曼彻斯特C. 利物浦D. 格拉斯哥答案：A8. 美国的哪个州被誉为“黄金之州”？A. 德克萨斯州B. 加利福尼亚州C. 佛罗里达州D. 纽约州答案：B9. 英国的哪位君主在位时间最长？A. 伊丽莎白一世B. 维多利亚女王C. 乔治三世D. 伊丽莎白二世答案：D10. 美国的哪个国家公园以其壮观的峡谷景观而闻名？A. 黄石国家公园B. 大峡谷国家公园C. 优胜美地国家公园D. 阿卡迪亚国家公园答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 英国是由______、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰组成的联合王国。

答案：英格兰12. 美国的首都华盛顿特区是为了纪念美国的第一位总统______而命名的。

答案：乔治·华盛顿13. 英国的国花是______。

答案：玫瑰14. 美国的宪法规定了______个分支的政府。

答案：三15. 英国的______是英国君主的正式住所，也是英国王室的行政总部。

答案：白金汉宫16. 美国的______是该国最大的河流系统，流经美国的中部大平原。

答案：密西西比河17. 英国的______是该国最大的政党之一，传统上与劳动阶级联系在一起。

答案：工党18. 美国的______是该国最高法院的所在地，也是司法部门的象征。