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2 由介词或介词短语暗示的虚拟结构
常见的介词或介词短语有without(没有) ,
but for(要不是) Eg : Without electricity , human life would be quite difficult today . = If there were no electricitnot a pilot, but he wishes he______ (be).
2.I wish I ___________(meet) him yesterday. 3.I wish it __________(be) fine tomorrow. 4.A: You have made some mistakes. B: I wish I ____mistakes every day. A. don’t make B. haven’t made C. wouldn’t have made D. didn’t make
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的,是与 事实相符的。 非真实条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能 发生或实现的， 与事实相反的情况。
If it is fine tomorrow, I will go to visit my grandma. If I were a bird, I would fly to America.
与将来事实相反
要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
与过去事实相反
明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。 与将来事实可能相反 If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
Without his advice ,I couldn’t have done it all by myself . = If it hadn’t been for his advice ,
But for your help , I wouldn’t have succeeded in doing this experiment . = If it hadn’t been for your help ,
4. How I wish I ___ a doctor , and ___ the dying girl .
A am , can save B was , saved
C were , could save D will be , will save
5. ---What shall we do next ? --I wish that Bill ___ here . If he ___ here , he would tell us what to do . A has been , has been B would be , would be
would should +动词原形 could might
现在事实相反
If I won the lottery,
I would buy an expensive car. I would buy a villa.
I would travel around the world.
过去事实相反 had had If I ____________time last night, I would have gone to see the film with you _____________
2.I wish they ___ in this ball game .
A would be succeeded B would be successful
C had been success
D had been successful
3. He wished he ___ more about the subject , so he could talk about it . A had known B knew C would know D knows
PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks e. If Tom had been (be) more careful in the __ exam, he would have passed(pass) it already. _________ __ f. If you had got (get) up earlier, you would have caught (catch) the first train. _______ __ g. If I had met ____ (meet) you yesterday, we
I wish I could fly like a bird. I wish every day were my birthday.
He wish he hadn’t
eaten so much watermelon. I wish the lunch time would come soon.
I wish it would rain tomorrow.
would have_______ (go) to the concert together. ________ gone
PRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanks a. If there should be (be) no natural
would make resource any more,we ___________ (make) use of nuclear power .
If he________ had driven more carefully, he would not have _____________ had the car accident
____________
got
将来时相反
If you
Were to get a full mark next ____________ would hold time, I ________ a party for you . should get ____________
动词形式 从句 时间 与现在事实相反
主句
动词过去式（be的 would 过去式一般用were） should + 动词原形 could might had +过去分词 would should have+过去分词 could might
与过去事实相反
与将来事实 可能相反
动词过去式 /should +动词原形 were to＋动词原 形
But for the meeting ,I would have gone to your party last Saturday . = If it hadn’t been for the meeting ,
1. Without sunlight , or water or air , there ___ no life on the earth . A will have B would be C should be D must be
2 But for the snow , we ___ earlier . A will arrive B should have arrived C arrive D arrived
二、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 现在： 过去时（were） 1.Wish 过去：过去完成时 的宾语
未来： would/could/might+V. 1.I wish I were a bird 从句
2.I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake
3.We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us.
用于宾语从句
I wish 从句结构 Example
与现在事实相反
一般过去式
I wish it were autumn now.
与过去事实相反
过去完成式
与将来事实相反
would+V.原形
He wishes(wished) he had not lost the chance. I wish you would come soon.
I wish I were as tall as you.
I wish I became as famous as Yao Ming. I wish I were a bird.
b. What would happen ___
should get up
(happen) if you
_____________(get up) too late tomorrow?
注意
1.省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ， 而把它们放在句首,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实 行全部倒装或部分倒装。
Grammar
—the Subjunctive Mood
虚 拟 语 气
英语动词有三种语气: 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气 陈述语气：用来表示所说的话是 事实或提出疑问，广泛用语陈述 句，疑问句和感叹句。
祈使语气：表示所说的话是请求， 命令，指示或劝告等。
虚拟语气：表示说话人的所说
的话不是事实，
一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件 从句中或让步状语从句中)； 一种表示说话人的愿望、要求、命 令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从 句、同位语从句)。
If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… •Had he worked harder, he would have passed the final examinations.
