Advance of trait-based approach in ecology

介绍自行车的英语作文Title: Exploring the World on Two Wheels: An Introduction to Bicycles。

Introduction。

Bicycles have been a ubiquitous mode of transportation and recreation for well over a century. They come in various shapes, sizes, and designs, but they all share the common trait of being propelled by human power. In this essay, we'll delve into the multifaceted world of bicycles, exploring their history, benefits, different types, and their significance in modern society.History。

The history of bicycles dates back to the early 19th century when the first human-powered vehicle, known as the "running machine" or "dandy horse," was invented by Karl Drais in 1817. It consisted of a wooden frame with twowheels and handlebars but lacked pedals. Pedals were later added by Kirkpatrick MacMillan in 1839, leading to the development of the modern bicycle as we know it today.Benefits。

In the realm of transportation, innovation is the key to progress. As we venture into a future where sustainability and efficiency are paramount, the concept of a new mode of transportation is not just a dream but a necessity. Lets explore the creation of a groundbreaking vehicle that could revolutionize the way we travel.The Concept:The EcoGlide is a hybrid vehicle designed to cater to the needs of urban and suburban environments. It is a fusion of a bicycles ecofriendliness and a cars convenience, with the added flexibility of a hovercrafts ability to traverse different terrains.Design and Functionality:1. EcoFriendly Propulsion: The EcoGlide is powered by a combination of an electric motor and a small, efficient hydrogen fuel cell. This dual power system ensures that the vehicle has a longer range without the need for frequent charging or refueling.2. Adaptive Terrain Technology: Equipped with adjustable hover pads, the vehicle can glide smoothly over various surfaces, from paved roads to sandy beaches, and even shallow water bodies, making it versatile for different landscapes.3. Smart Connectivity: Integrated with advanced AI, the EcoGlide can connect to citywide traffic management systems, optimizing routes to avoid congestion and reduce travel time.4. Safety Features: The vehicle is equipped with autonomous driving capabilities, collision avoidance systems, and an emergency response module that can alert authorities in case of an accident.5. SpaceEfficiency: With a compact design, the EcoGlide can easily park in tight spaces and is designed to be shared, reducing the number of vehicles on the road and alleviating traffic.Manufacturing and Materials:The body of the EcoGlide is constructed from lightweight, recyclable materials, reducing its carbon footprint. The use of nanotechnology in the manufacturing process ensures durability and resistance to wear and tear.Impact on Society:The introduction of the EcoGlide could lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution, and traffic congestion. It promotes a healthier lifestyle by encouraging cycling while providing the comfort and speed of motorized transport.Challenges and Solutions:1. Infrastructure: Developing the necessary infrastructure for charging and refueling stations will be crucial. Partnerships with city planners and governments can help integrate these facilities into existing urban landscapes.2. Regulation: New regulations will need to be established to accommodate this type of vehicle, ensuring safety and fairness in its use alongside traditional modes of transport.3. Public Acceptance: Educating the public about the benefits of the EcoGlide and addressing concerns about its safety and reliability will be essential for widespread adoption.Conclusion:The EcoGlide represents a leap forward in transportation technology, offering a sustainable, efficient, and adaptable solution to the growing demands of modern travel. With careful planning, innovative design, and a commitment to environmental responsibility, this new vehicle has the potential to reshape the way we move through our world.。

2020-2021学年宜昌市第一中学高三英语下学期期末试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAlthough Adrian Wood had already sent her three oldest children off toWhiteOakElementary SchoolinEdenton,North Carolina, she was anxious when it was her youngest son Amos's turn to start classes.Adriansaid, “Sending Amos to school was such a different path. He was 3 when he started school. He had autism(自闭症)and he didn't speak."Amos struggled to make friends and fit in, but there was always one person there who was very happy to see him. Raymond Brown has worked at the school as a guard for the past 15 years. All of the students know and love him, and he's truly a friend to all. He started callingAdrian's son “Famous Amos” on day one. To the mom's surprise, Amos quickly began responding with a cheerful "Hey, Brown” whenever he saw him. "He wasn't even saying 'daddy' at home, so it was really something, "Adriansaid.“Amos is a hard friend to have,"Adrianexplained, "He takes a lot more than he gives and that's tough for children. But those kids saw that he was popular and loved, and they started fighting over who would get to hold Amos' hand on the way to the classroom. It meant so much to me that he was favored by the other children at school, and Mr. Brown had a big hand in that.”About a year ago, school officials nominated Mr. Brown forNorth Carolina's School Hero, a $20,000 prize. When the results came out and he didn't win,Adrianwas heartbroken. She couldn't let the disappointing results stand, so she took to Facebook and created an annual “Famous Amos” prize for Mr. Brown in their community. Her neighbors answered the call, donating $35,000 in just one week! Townspeople and school officials gathered in March to celebrate Mr. Brown and give him the money they'd raised. Principal Michelle handed him a giant check and thanked him for everything he does to help kids like Amos find their way.1. What madeAdrianworried?A. Her youngest son's bad behavior.B. Her family's heavy financial burden.C. Her youngest son's mental problem.D. Her three sons' poor performance at school.2. What change did Mr. Brown bring to Amos?A. Amos became a top student at school.B. Amos got more attention from other kids.C. Amos learned to share and care about others.D. Amos had a better relationship with his family members.3. What did Mr. Brown get in the end?A. The “Famous Amos” prize.B. A check from the local government.C.North Carolina's School Hero prize.D. A small donation from the community.BWe've all heard it before：to be successful, get out of bed early. After all, Apple CEO Tim Cook gets up at 3：45 am, Fiat CEO Sergio Marchionne at 3：30 am and Richard Branson at 5：45 am﹣and, as we all know, "the early bird's catches the worm. "But just because some successful people wake up early, does that mean it's a trait most of them share？And if the idea of having exercised, planned your day, eaten breakfast, visualized and done one task before 8 am makes you want to roll over and hit snooze till next Saturday, are you really doomed to a less successful life？For about half of us, this isn't really an issue. It's estimated that some 50% of the population isn't really morning or evening﹣oriented, but somewhere in the middle. Roughly one in four of us, though, tend more toward bright﹣eyed early risers, and another one in four are night owls. For them, the effects can go beyond falling asleep in front of the TV at 10 pm or being regularly late for work.Numerous studies have found that morning people are more self﹣directed and agreeable. And compared to night owls, they plan for the future more and have a better sense of well﹣being.Although morning types may achieve more academically, night owls tend to perform better on measures of memory, processing speed and cognitive（认知）ability, even when they have to perform those tasks in the morning. Night﹣time people are also more open and more creative. And one study shows that night owls areas healthy and wise as morning types﹣and a little bit wealthier.Still think the morning people sound more like CEO material？Don't set your alarm for 5 am Just yet. As it turns out, overhauling（全面改革）your sleep time may not have much effect"If people are left to their naturally preferred time, they feel much better. They say that they are much more productive. The mental capacity they have is much broader, " says Oxford University biologist Katharina Wulff. Onthe other hand, she says, pushing people too far out of their natural preference can be harmful. When they wake early, for example, night owls are still producing melatonin（褪黑素）. "Then you disrupt it and push the body to be in the daytime mode. That can have lots of negative physiological consequence. " Wulff says, like a different sensitivity to insulin and glucose（葡萄糖）which can cause weight gain.4. What does the authordo in the first three paragraph？A. raising the problem→analyzing the problem → solving the problemB. leading in the topic→challenging a viewpoint → discussing about the topicC. presenting a viewpoint → providing supporting proofs→making a conclusionD. introducing a viewpoint →raising the question→presenting author's viewpoint5. What can we know from the 4th and 5th paragraph？A. Morning types tend to have clear goals and better mood.B. To beat night﹣time people ask them to do math calculation in themorning.C. Night owls tend to sacrifice their health for their wealth.D. Neither night owls nor morning persons perform better than the middle ones.6. Which of the following does Katharina Wulff support？A. Don't fall sleep in front of the TV.B. Avoid being regularly late for work.C. Stop setting your alarm for 5 am.D. Better not overhaul your sleep time.7. Why does the author write this article？A. To explain why some people are more successful.B.To compare the differences between early risersand night owls.C. To advise people to get up neither too early nor too late.D. To argue against this view that the Carly bird catches the worm.CUK physicist Isaac Newton once said, ''Nature is pleased with simplicity and nature is no dummy (傻子). '' Indeed, Mother Nature can provide almost everything human beings need if we follow her rules. But if we break the rules, she is likely to be cruel andlash out at us.The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (新型冠状病毒肺炎, NCP) in China and some other countries at the beginning of this year is an example. According to Xinhua News Agency, the new coronavirus issimilar to a virus found in a bat in 2017 and probably has an intermediate host (中间宿主). It's believed that the virus originated from the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei province, where live wild animals were sold.The Wall Street Journal reported that Dr Peter Daszak, president of the US-based health organization EcoHealth Alliance, said, ''This outbreak is a lesson for us. On a global scale, human population density, wildlife diversity, and land use change are what drive new pandemics (流行病). ''In ancient times, people needed to rely on nature to survive so they held it in awe (敬畏). For example, the American Indians believed that humans are a part of nature and nature is a part of humans. Chinese ancients always pursued the harmony between nature and human beings.However, as human beings master more knowledge and make more advanced tools, people try to change and even conquer nature. They use more land to make buildings, genetically modify (改变) plants, capture some wild and rare animals to suit their own needs. In this process, humans gradually lose contact with nature and even throw it out of balance. For example, cutting a large number of forests means carbon dioxide must build up in the atmosphere and it contributes to global warming.Although we don't know for sure what first caused the NCP outbreak, Brian Lamacraft at Medium said it's time for people to ''reflect on our relationship with our planet'' and ''reconnect with this world and everything that we've been given''. After all, according to US poet Gary Snyder, ''Nature is not the place to visit. It's our home. ''8. What does the phrase ''lash out at'' in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. punishB. controlC. testD. challenge9. What lesson did Daszak think human beings should learn from the NCP outbreak?A. Bats are one of the most dangerous wild animals.B. It's impossible to prevent new pandemics globally.C. We should stop the wildlife trade around the world.D. Humans should live peacefully with nature.10. What is the main idea of Paragraph 5?A. How human beings become their own masters.B. How human activities cause global warming.C. How human beings break the balance of nature.D. How humans use technology to improve their lives.11. What is the author's purpose in writing this article?A. To reflect on the NCP outbreak.B. To explain what led to the NCP outbreak.C. To describe experts' predictions on new pandemics.D. To compare ancient and modern attitudes toward nature.D“We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth.” These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking, spoken at a science festival inNorwayin 2017, a year before his death.Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humanity to last far into the future is to colonize other planets. That way, if an asteroid, a terrible disease, nuclear war, or some other disaster strikes Earth, civilization as we know it would still have a chance. Mars is one of the most tempting destinations. NASA, theUnited Arab Emirates, the private company SpaceX, and the organization Mars One all have plans to send humans there. “Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we risk going extinct, SpaceX founder Elon Musk said at a conference in 2013.But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it’s just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It’s not even clear if humans could survive on Mars. One of the biggest dangers there is deadly radiation that bombards the planet.Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars mission would be better spent on more urgent projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host microbial life. Human visitors may destroy this life or permanently change or damage the Martian environment. Some feel that’s too much of a risk to take.What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay home?12. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Many experts insist that humans should take the risk.B. Mars is the most attractive destinations for human beings.C. Hawking firmly believes the only way to save humans is moving to Mars.D. All the other experts don’t agree with Hawking’s idea.13. Why do some experts disagree with the plan to colonize Mars?A. It will cost much more money to settle on Mars than on Earth.B. It is too long a distance from the Earth to the Mars.C. Human visitors will bring diseases to Martian environment.D. The deadly radiation that bombards the planet is the biggest danger.14. What’s the writing purpose of the passage?A. To raise people’s awareness of protecting the environment.B. To present different opinions on whether to move to the Mars.C. To arouse readers’ reflection on whether to colonize outer space.D. To inspire people to deal with the environmental problems.15. In which section of a magazine is the passage most likely from?A. Fiction.B. Current affairs.C. Social Studies.D. Science.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

我父母和我的消费习惯英语作文Consumption Habits Across Generations: A Family Perspective.Consumption habits are deeply ingrained in our daily lives and often reflect our values, lifestyles, andsocietal influences. Within a family, these habits can vary significantly across different generations, reflecting both shared and distinct experiences and priorities. In this article, I will explore the consumption habits of my parents and myself, highlighting the differences and similarities that exist between us.My parents, who belong to the older generation, have a distinct set of consumption habits that are deeply rooted in their culture and life experiences. They value frugality and thrift, a trait that iscommonplace in their era. They tend to prioritize essential items and services, rather than indulging in luxurious or discretionary spending. For instance, they prefer to buy items that are durable andlong-lasting, rather than ones that are trendy or fashionable. They also recycle and reuse items, minimizing waste and maximizing their utility.In terms of shopping, my parents prefer traditionalbrick-and-mortar stores, where they can physically inspect the items and negotiate prices. They are cautious about online shopping, citing concerns about product authenticity, delivery reliability, and the security of their personal information. They also tend to stock up on items when they find them at a good price, a strategy that is rooted intheir experience of living through economic downturns and supply shortages.On the other hand, my consumption habits are shaped bya different set of influences and priorities. As a memberof the younger generation, I am more accustomed to a fast-paced, digitally-driven lifestyle. I am more inclined to splurge on experiences rather than material possessions, seeking out travel opportunities, cultural events, andother enriching experiences. I also tend to be more open to trying new products and brands, influenced by social media,peer recommendations, and online reviews.Shopping for me often involves a blend of online and offline experiences. I am comfortable shopping online, where I can find a wider range of products and compare prices easily. However, I also enjoy the social aspect of shopping in person, browsing through stores, and discovering new items that catch my eye. I am also more likely to impulse buy, swayed by attractive displays or limited-time offers.In terms of sustainability, I am aware of the environmental impact of my consumption habits and try to make eco-friendly choices when possible. I prefer to buy items that are made from sustainable materials, support companies that prioritize sustainability in their production processes, and recycle or dispose of items responsibly.Comparing the consumption habits of my parents and myself, it is evident that while there are differences, there are also commonalities. We all value the quality anddurability of the items we buy, and we all strive to make wise financial decisions. However, the channels we use to access products, the types of products we buy, and the reasons why we buy them vary significantly.These differences can be attributed to a range of factors, including age, life experiences, and societal influences. My parents' consumption habits reflect their era of frugality and thrift, while my own habits are shaped by a more affluent and digitally-driven society. However, it is also noteworthy that we are both aware of the environmental impact of our consumption and strive to make sustainable choices when possible.In conclusion, consumption habits are diverse and multifaceted, reflecting the unique experiences and priorities of individuals and families. Understanding these habits can help us to make more informed and responsible choices about our own consumption, while also providing insights into the values and lifestyles of different generations.。