牛津英语 8b 被动语态讲练结合

龙文教育学科教学案教师:蒋九霞学生:何泽宇日期: 2012- 星期:时段: 课题学习目标学习重难点习题的正确解答教学方法朗读法讲授法讨论法教学提纲与过程一、基本情况：英语的语态有主动语态和被动语态两种，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者．．．，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者．．．。

二、构成：陈述句：主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（be有人称、数和时态的变化）肯定句：主语+be+及物动词的过去分词否定句：主语+be+not+及物动词的过去分词一般疑问句：Be+主语+及物动词的过去分词+?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式+？三、被动语态的用法：1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。

2．没有必要指出动作的执行者。

3．只需强调动作的承受者。

四、主动语态变被动语态的基本步骤：1.将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态中的主语．．，主动语态中的主语变为被动语态中的介词by．．的宾语．．．.2.将主动语态中的谓语动词变成“助动词be+该动词的过去分词”注意时态不变．．．．．．。

3.助动词要与新的主语保持“数”的一致；若主语和宾语是人称代词时，“格”应作相应的变化。

如：The workers make machines in this factory.主语谓语宾语其他成分Machines are made by the workers in this factory.主语谓语by的宾语其他成分五、各种形式的被动语态：（一）、各种时态的被动语态：1．一般现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词A lot of books are kept in our school library.2. 一般过去时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词was/were+及物动词的过去分词A thief was caught last night.They were asked to speak at the meeting.3. 现在进行时的被动语态：构成：主语+助动词am/is/are+being+及物动词的过去分词A new library is being put up in the school now.The machines are being repaired.4. 一般将来时的被动语态：构成：主语+will/be going to +be+及物动词的过去分词The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in 2008.现在完成时的被动语态：构成：主语+have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词My bag has been stolen.This airport has never been used.(二)、双宾语的被动语态：（1）含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时，常把那个指人的间接宾语变为被动语态的主语．．．．．．．；（2）也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语．．，但此时必须在间接宾语前面加上介词to或for。

1.He gave me a pen.→I was given a pen by him.→A pen was given to me by him.2.She drew them a picture yesterday.→They were drawn a picture yesterday.→A picture was drawn for them yesterday.注意：give, pass, lend, write, show tell 等动词后的介词用to draw, buy, make, find, cook, keep等动词后的介词用for（三）复合宾语的被动语态：若主动语态的句子为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”则变为“宾作主，宾补变主补”I asked him to help me with my English.→He was asked to help me with my English.注意：感觉动词和使役动词在主动句中其后的动词不定式不带to，但变被动句时to必须还原。

The boss made her work for 16 hours a day.→She was made to work for 16 hours by her boss a day.类似的词有：ask, tell, invent, except, warn, advise, make, let, hear, see, watch, feel, notice.但类似see sb. doing sth.的句子时则这样变：I hear him reading in the room.→He was heard reading in the room by me.特殊情况的被动语态：1.带双宾语的被动语态：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。

1).give / pass / show 与介词to 搭配。

give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .2).buy / make / cook 与介词for 搭配。

buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI ______ _________ a book by him. A book ____ ________ _____ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I ____ ________ a cake by my mother A cake ____ _____ ____ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth .口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去，被动语态to回来。

动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watchmake sb do sth ----sb + be +made +to do sthThe boss made the workers work all dayThe workers ______ ________ ____ work all day by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。

I heard Tom singing just now Tom _____ ________ _____ by me just now .4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。

We should take care of the old . The old should ______ ________ _____ _____ .有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well wash well（四）、短语动词的被动语态：有些短语动词相当于及物动词，可以有被动语态。

但要注意，短语动词是一个不可分割的词组，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉词组末尾的介词或副词。

1.The teachers take good care of the children.→The children are taken good care of (by the teachers).2.They have sent for the doctor.→The doctor has been sent for.(五)、含有情动词的被动语态：(had better, would like, have to, be able to, be going to)构成：“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”We must plant trees.→Trees must be planted.肯定句：Books can be taken out of the library.否定句：Books can‟t be taken out of the library.疑问句：Can books be taken out of the library?(六)、以下情况的主动语态不能变为被动语态：不及物动词及部分短语动词词组(take place; happen; break out; belong to)没有被动语态，因为没有宾语可变作主语。

The story happened in 1999.A fire broke out in his house.The dictionary belongs to me.The meeting will take place next Monday.=The meeting will be held next Monday.2．表状态的动词（cost; last; take have; sell; fit; become等）不能用于被动语态。

The pen costs five yuan.Cold weather lasts long.This kind of dictionary sells well.3.当宾语和谓语是一个不可分割的整体时。

We had a swim in the river yesterday.The teacher walked into the classroom.4.当宾语为动词不定式或Ving时。

I want to write a letter.She finished reading the book.5.当宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。

You should take care of yourself.They often help each other.6.当宾语起状语作用时，表示数量、长度、大小、程度、地点、或处所及方位之类时。

The coat cost 100 yuan.（表数量）I paid ten yuan for the dictionary.7.当系动词作谓语时。

（look, seem, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, turn, become, keep, is, fall等）He looks worried.The flowers smell good.一、单项选择：( ) 1. English ____ in Canada.A.speaksB.are spokenC. is speakingD. is spoken( ) 2. This English song___ by the girls after class.A. often singsB. often sangC. is often sangD. is often sung( ) 3. This kind of car ___ in Japan.A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made ( ) 4. New computers ___ all over the world.A. is usedB. are usingC. are usedD. have used( ) 5. Our room must ___ clean.A. keepB. be keptC. to be keptD. to keep( ) 6. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.A. is buildingB. is being builtC. been builtD. be building( ) 7. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.A. needB. are needingC. are neededD. will need( ) 8. Japanese ___ in every country.A. is not spokenB. are spokenC. is speakingD. is not speaking( ) 9. These papers___yet.A. have not writtenB. have not been writtenC. has not writtenD. has not been written( ) 10. The sports meeting ___ be held until next week.A. didn'tB. won'tC. isn'tD. doesn't( ) 11. ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.A. DoesB. HasC. IsD. Are( ) 12. ___ these desks be needed?A. WillB. AreC. HasD. Do( ) 13. Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?A. didn't a meeting holdB. wasn't a meeting heldC. wasn't held a meetingD. a meeting wasn't held( ) 14. Who was the book___?A. writeB. wroteC. writtenD. written by( ) 15. Where ___ these boxes made?A. wasB. wereC. isD. am( ) 16. The flowers___often.A. must be waterB. must be wateredC. must wateredD. must water( ) 17. The books may___ for two weeks.A. be keptB. be borrowedC. keepD. borrow( ) 18. The teacher made him___ his homework.A. to doB. doC. didD. done( ) 19. The boy___ streets without paying in the old days.A. was made to cleanB. made cleanC. made to cleanD. was made clean ( ) 20. These children____dance.A. were seen toB. were seen forC. were seenD. saw to( ) 21. Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.A. took placeB. have taken placeC. were taking placeD. had taken place ( ) 22. Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.A. have happenedB. happenedC. have been happenedD. were happened ( ) 23. Please pass me another cup. This one___.A. is brokenB. is breakingC. brokeD. broken( ) 24. The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are writtenB. were writtenC. are writingD. were writing( ) 25. What time ___ the door ___ every day?A. does; closedB. does; closeC. is; closedD. /; close( ) 26. The apple___very sweet.A. is tastedB. tasteC. tastesD. are tasting( ) 27. You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.A. seeB. watchC. lookD. look at( ) 28..How dirty the tables are! They need___.A. to cleanB. cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned( ) 29. The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.A. can mendB. can mendedC. can be mendD. can be mended( ) 30. The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.A. is going to be rebuiltB. will rebuilt …C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt( ) 31. The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.A. is going to be shownB. will shownC. will showD. is shown( ) 32. Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.A. have keptB. are keepingC. have been keepingD. have been kept( ) 33. Tea ___ in the south of China.A. growsB. is grownC. were grownD. will grow( ) 34. Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.A. hangB. hangedC. hangingD. hung( ) 35. The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.A. be stopped to throwB. be stopped from throwingC. stop to throwD. stop from throwing( ) 36. Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.A. speak toB. spokenC. speakD. spoken to( ) 37. Old people must ___.A. look after wellB. be looked well afterC. looked well afterD. be looked after well( ) 38. Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.A. calledB. was askedC. toldD. was said( ) 39. I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.A. gaveB. was givingC. had givenD. was given( ) 40. Really ? Jim the monitor?A. Did, choose to beB. Was, chosen to beC. Has, chosen to beD. Were, chosen to be二、将下列句子变为被动语态：1.They clean the room every day.____________________________________________________________________ 2.He lost two books yesterday.____________________________________________________________________ 3.My mother washed my school uniform last Sunday.____________________________________________________________________ 4.They water young trees every day.____________________________________________________________________ 5.Uncle Wang mended twenty bikes last week.____________________________________________________________________ 6.People would never forget the accident.____________________________________________________________________ 7.He is going to buy his daughter three books tomorrow.____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 8.She has turned on the computer already.____________________________________________________________________ 9.They have held a charity show.____________________________________________________________________ 10.You should invite more people to come.____________________________________________________________________ 11.They can sing an English song.____________________________________________________________________ 12.People are building a new bridge now.____________________________________________________________________ 13.The boss made the workers work nine hours a day.____________________________________________________________________ 14.I often see the old man feed the birds.____________________________________________________________________15.We can hear the baby laughing at the moment.____________________________________________________________________学生归纳总结：1：这堂课你掌握了什么？答：学生对于本次课的评价：○特别满意○满意○一般○差学生签字：教师评定：1.学生上次作业评价：○非常好○好○一般○需要优化2.学生本次上课情况评价：○非常好○好○一般○需要优化教师签字：教导主任签字：___________龙文教育教务处。