自考线性代数(经管类)试题及答案

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高等教育自学考试线性代数(经管类)试题答案

一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)

1.3阶行列式011101110||ija中元素21a的代数余子式21A( C )

A.2 B.1 C.1 D.2

1011121A.

2.设矩阵22211211aaaaA,121112221121aaaaaaB,01101P,11012P,则必有( A )

A.BAPP21 B.BAPP12 C.BPAP21 D.BPAP12

1101011021APP22211211222112110111aaaaaaaaBaaaaaa121112221121.

3.设n阶可逆矩阵A、B、C满足EABC,则1B( D )

A.11CA B.11AC C.AC D.CA

由EABC,得EABC111,CAB1.

4.设3阶矩阵000100010A,则2A的秩为( B )

A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3

2A000000100000100010000100010,2A的秩为1.

5.设4321,,,是一个4维向量组,若已知4可以表为321,,的线性组合,且表示法惟一,则向量组4321,,,的秩为( C )

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

321,,是4321,,,的极大无关组,4321,,,的秩为3.

6.设向量组4321,,,线性相关,则向量组中( A )

A.必有一个向量可以表为其余向量的线性组合 B.必有两个向量可以表为其余向量的线性组合

C.必有三个向量可以表为其余向量的线性组合

D.每一个向量都可以表为其余向量的线性组合

7.设321,,是齐次线性方程组0Ax的一个基础解系,则下列解向量组中,可以作为该方程组基础解系的是( B )

A.2121,, B.133221,,

C.2121,, D.133221,,

只有133221,,线性无关,可以作为基础解系.

8.若2阶矩阵A相似于矩阵3202B,E为2阶单位矩阵,则与矩阵AE相似的矩阵是( C )

A.4101 B.4101 C.4201 D.4201

B与A相似,则4201BE与AE相似.

9.设实对称矩阵120240002A,则3元二次型AxxxxxfT),,(321的规范形为( D )

A.232221zzz B.232221zzz C.2221zz D.2221zz

232212332222123322221321)2(2)44(2442),,(xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxf,规范形为2221zz.

10.若3阶实对称矩阵)(ijaA是正定矩阵,则A的正惯性指数为( D )

A.0 B.1 C.2 D.3

二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)

11.已知3阶行列式696364232333231232221131211aaaaaaaaa,则333231232221131211aaaaaaaaa_______________. 632323232323296364232333231232221131211333231232221131211333231232221131211aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa,

61333231232221131211aaaaaaaaa.

12.设3阶行列式3D的第2列元素分别为3,2,1,对应的代数余子式分别为1,2,3,则3D_______________.

4132)2()3(12323222221213AaAaAaD.

13.设0121A,则EAA22_______________.

112211201120)(222EAEAA.

14.设A为2阶矩阵,将A的第2列的(2)倍加到第1列得到矩阵B.若4321B,则A_______________.

将B的第2列的2倍加到第1列可得41125A.

15.设3阶矩阵333220100A,则1A_______________.

001012103100020033001010100100220333100010001333220100),(EA

00102/113/12/10100010001001012230100020006001012206100020066,

1A00102/113/12/10. 16.设向量组)1,1,(1a,)1,2,1(2,)2,1,1(3线性相关,则数a___________.

0363213103210311121112111aaaaaaa,2a.

17.已知Tx)1,0,1(1,Tx)5,4,3(2是3元非齐次线性方程组bAx的两个解向量,则对应齐次线性方程组0Ax有一个非零解向量_______________.

Txx)6,4,2(12(或它的非零倍数).

18.设2阶实对称矩阵A的特征值为2,1,它们对应的特征向量分别为T)1,1(1,Tk),1(2,则数k______________.

设dbbaA,由111A,即1111dbba,11dbba,可得ba1,bd1;

由222A,即kkbbbb12111,kkbbbkb22)1(1,可得1k.

19.已知3阶矩阵A的特征值为3,2,0,且矩阵B与A相似,则||EB_______________.

EB的特征值为4,1,1,44)1(1||EB.

20.二次型232221321)()(),,(xxxxxxxf的矩阵A_______________.

2332222121233222222121321222)2()2(),,(xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxf,

110121011A.

三、计算题(本大题共6小题,每小题9分,共54分)

21.已知3阶行列式||ija4150231xx中元素12a的代数余子式812A,求元素21a的代数余子式21A的值.

解:由8445012xxA,得2x,所以5)38(413221A. 22.已知矩阵0111A,2011B,矩阵X满足XBAX,求X.

解:由XBAX,得BXAE)(,于是

13/113/1313131201121113120111112)(11BAEX.

23.求向量组T)3,1,1,1(1,T)1,5,3,1(2,T)4,1,2,3(3,T)2,10,6,2(4的一个极大无关组,并将向量组中的其余向量用该极大无关组线性表出.

解:24131015162312311854012460412023110700070041202311

000007004120231100000100412023110000010040202011

00000100201020110000010020100001,

321,,是一个极大线性无关组,4321020.

24.设3元齐次线性方程组000321321321axxxxaxxxxax,

(1)确定当a为何值时,方程组有非零解;

(2)当方程组有非零解时,求出它的基础解系和全部解.

解:(1)100010111)2(1111111)2(1212112111111||aaaaaaaaaaaaaaA

2)1)(2(aa,2a或1a时,方程组有非零解; (2)2a时,000330211A000110211000110101,333231xxxxxx,基础解系为111,全部解为111k,k为任意实数;

1a时,000000111A,3322321xxxxxxx,基础解系为011,101,全部解为10101121kk,21,kk为任意实数.

25.设矩阵504313102B,

(1)判定B是否可与对角矩阵相似,说明理由;

(2)若B可与对角矩阵相似,求对角矩阵和可逆矩阵P,使BPP1.

解:(1))67)(1(5412)1(504313102||2BE

)6()1(2,特征值121,63.

对于121,解齐次线性方程组0)(xBE:

000000101404303101BE,332231xxxxxx,基础解系为0101p,1012p;