高一英语句子成份
- 格式:doc
- 大小:72.00 KB
- 文档页数:6
高一英语句子成分分析练习题30题1<背景文章>Dr. Smith is a renowned scientist who has dedicated his life to finding a cure for a rare disease. His research journey has been filled with numerous challenges and obstacles.When he first started his research, he faced a lack of funding. Without sufficient financial support, it was difficult for him to carry out his experiments and purchase the necessary equipment. However, he did not give up. He spent countless hours writing grant proposals and reaching out to various organizations for support. Eventually, he was able to secure enough funding to continue his research.Another challenge he encountered was the complexity of the disease. The rare disease he was studying was extremely difficult to understand and treat. The symptoms were diverse and the causes were not yet fully known. Dr. Smith had to spend months researching and analyzing data to try to figure out the underlying mechanisms of the disease.Despite these difficulties, Dr. Smith remained determined and persistent. He worked long hours in the laboratory, often sacrificing his personal time and comfort. His dedication and hard work paid off when he finally made a breakthrough in his research.He discovered a new treatment method that showed promising results in animal tests. This discovery gave him hope and motivation to continue his work and bring the treatment to patients in need.However, his journey was not over yet. He still had to face the challenge of getting the treatment approved by regulatory agencies. This process was long and arduous, but Dr. Smith was confident that his discovery would make a significant difference in the lives of those suffering from the rare disease.1. Dr. Smith faced a lack of ___ when he first started his research.A. timeB. fundingC. equipmentD. support答案:B。
高一英语语法高一的英语语法包含了简单的5种基本句型,也是我们在英语写作中时常会用到的句型。
下面是店铺给大家整理的高一英语语法的相关知识,供大家参阅!高一英语语法:句子成分一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:During the 1990s, American country music has become mo re and more popular.(名词) We often speak English in class.(代词) One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)Sm oking does harm to the health.(动名词)The ri ch should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全).Grammar of Unit 1Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直截了当和间接宾语)、宾语补脚语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,普通句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补脚语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类1.主语主语是谓语说述的对象,表示所讲的“是啥”或“是谁”。
普通由名词、代词、别定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如:说述“谁”We work in a big factory.说述“啥”The classroom is very big.数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了别定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。
如:There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲在个不句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。
如:It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语谓语时用来讲明主语“做啥”、“是啥”或“如何样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如:He is very generous. She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job. He can speak German.3.表语表语讲明主语“是啥”或“如何样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、别定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。
高中英语句子成分及练习在高中英语的学习中,理解句子成分是非常重要的一环。
它就像是搭建英语语言大厦的基石,只有掌握了句子成分,我们才能准确地理解和运用英语。
一、句子成分的概述句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子所要说的人或事物,通常是一个名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
比如,“The book is interesting” (这本书很有趣。
)中,“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是说明主语的动作或状态,一般由动词充当。
像“ He studies hard ”(他学习努力。
)里的“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
比如在“ She likes music ”(她喜欢音乐。
)中,“music”就是宾语。
表语是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态等,通常位于系动词之后。
例如“ He is a teacher ”(他是一位老师。
)中,“a teacher”就是表语。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
“The beautiful girl is my sister ”(那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
)里,“beautiful”就是定语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
“He runs fast ”(他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
“We make him happy ”(我们使他高兴。
)中的“happy”就是补语。
二、主语主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语或从句等来充当。
名词作主语:“Books are our friends ”(书是我们的朋友。
)代词作主语:“They are playing football ”(他们正在踢足球。
)数词作主语:“Two is not enough ”(两个是不够的。
)动名词作主语:“Swimming is good for health ”(游泳对健康有益。
高中英语句子成分知识点在英语中,句子是语言的基本单位,而句子的成分则是构成句子的基础元素。
对句子成分的深入理解能够帮助我们更有效地构建和解析句子,提升英语表达能力。
以下是高中英语中常见的句子成分知识点。
一、主语(Subject)主语是句子中的主要行为者,通常由名词、代词或动名词担任。
在一个句子中,主语通常位于谓语动词之前。
例如,“The cat meows.”(猫叫。
)中,“The cat”就是主语。
二、谓语(Predicate)谓语是句子中的主要动作或状态,通常由动词表示。
在简单句中,谓语就是动词。
例如,“She sings beautifully.”(她唱得很美。
)中,“sings”就是谓语。
三、宾语(Object)宾语是句子中行为的承受者,通常出现在及物动词或介词之后。
例如,“I love you.”(我爱你。
)中,“you”就是宾语。
四、定语(Adjective)定语是用来修饰名词或代词的词或词组,通常给出更多关于名词的信息,如颜色、大小、形状等。
例如,“The red car”(红色的汽车)中,“red”就是定语。
五、状语(Adverb)状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词或词组,通常表示行为发生的时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等。
例如,“He speaks English well.”(他英语说得好。
)中,“well”就是状语。
六、补语(Complement)补语是补充说明主语或宾语的句子成分,通常由形容词或名词担任。
例如,“She looks beautiful.”(她看起来很漂亮。
)中,“beautiful”就是补语。
这些句子成分是构建复杂句子的基础。
一个句子可能包含一个或多个这些成分,它们的位置和关系决定了句子的意思和结构。
学习和理解这些句子成分对于提高英语阅读和写作能力至关重要。
在分析和构造句子时,要注意各种句子成分之间的协调和平衡,确保句子的意义和语法都准确无误。
通过不断练习和实践,我们能够更好地掌握和运用这些句子成分,提升我们的英语水平。
一、句子的成分:句子的各个组成部分叫作句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语+不及物动词(S+V)二. 主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题,是句子所述说的主体,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
它的位置一般在一句之首。
可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
1. 名词作主语。
例如:A tree has fallen across the road. 一棵树倒下横在路上。
Little streams feed big rivers. 小河流入大江。
2. 代词用作主语。
例如:You’re not far wrong. 你差不多对了。
He told a joke but it fell flat. 他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑3. 数词用作主语。
例如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
4. 名词化的形容词用作主语。
例如:The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
5. 副词用作主语。
例如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
6. 名词化的介词作主语。
例如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
7. 不定式用作主语。
例如:To find your way can be a problem. 你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again. 如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
高中英语句子成分和句子种类
在高中英语中,句子的成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
以下是常见句子种类和其成分的示例:
1.简单句:只包含一个主语和一个谓语。
- 主语 + 谓语:She runs every morning.(主语为She,谓语为runs)
2.并列句:由两个或多个简单句通过连词连接而成。
- 简单句 + 连词 + 简单句:She studies hard, but she still gets low grades.(第一个简单句的主语为She,谓语为studies,第二
个简单句的主语为she,谓语为gets)
3.复合句:包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。
- 主句 + 从句:I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.(主
句的主语为I,谓语为will go;从句的主语为it,谓语为doesn't rain)
4.疑问句:用于提问,通常以动词开头。
- 动词 + 主语 + 其他成分:Do you like ice cream?(动词为Do,主语为you)
5.祈使句:用于发出命令、请求、建议等,通常省略了主语。
- 谓语 + 其他成分:Close the door, please.(谓语为Close)
6.感叹句:表示强烈的情感或感叹,通常以感叹词开头。
- 感叹词 + 主句:What a beautiful sunset!(感叹词为What)
这些只是常见的句子种类和示例,实际上还有其他不同类型的句子,具体的情况需要根据语境和句子的用途来判断。
高一英语句子成分划分知识点英语作为一门国际语言,在世界上广泛使用。
学好英语,尤其是对句子的成分划分有着重要的意义。
本文将从主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等角度出发,介绍高一英语句子成分划分的知识点。
首先,我们来看主语。
主语是句子中最重要的成分之一,通常是句子的主体,它确定了句子的主题。
主语可以是一个单词,也可以是一个词组,甚至是一个从句。
例如:1. He is a good student.(主语是“He”)2. Playing basketball is his favorite activity.(主语是“Playing basketball”)3. What he said surprised me.(主语是“What he said”)接着,我们来了解谓语。
谓语是句子中用来说明主语动作、状态或存在情况的一部分。
谓语一般由动词构成,但也可以是动词短语或动词不定式。
例如:1. She eats an apple every day.(谓语是“eats”)2. They have been studying English for years.(谓语是“have beens tudying”)3. He wanted to go to the park.(谓语是“wanted to go”)然后,我们来研究宾语。
宾语是句子中的动作对象,它一般接在及物动词之后,帮助说明动作的目标或结果。
宾语可以是一个名词、代词、名词短语或从句。
例如:1. I bought a book yesterday.(宾语是“a book”)2. She took pictures of the beautiful scenery.(宾语是“pictures of the beautiful sc enery”)3. Do you know what time it is?(宾语是“what time it is”)接下来,我们来讨论定语。
高一英语句子结构七种摘要:1.导语2.高一英语句子结构的七种类型1.1 主谓宾结构1.2 主系表结构1.3 主谓宾宾补结构1.4 主谓状语结构1.5 主谓定语从句结构1.6 主谓宾从句结构1.7 其他特殊结构3.结语正文:英语作为一门重要的外语学科,在高中阶段的学习中占据了举足轻重的地位。
对于高一学生来说,掌握英语句子结构是提高英语水平的关键。
本文将详细介绍高一英语句子结构的七种类型,以帮助学生更好地理解和运用英语句子。
首先,我们来了解主谓宾结构。
这种结构是最简单也最常见的句子结构,包括主语、谓语和宾语。
例如:"I love you."(我爱你。
)在这个例子中,主语是"I",谓语是"love",宾语是"you"。
接下来是主系表结构。
这种结构包括主语、系动词和表语。
例如:"She is a teacher."(她是一名教师。
)这里的主语是"She",系动词是"is",表语是"ateacher"。
第三种结构是主谓宾宾补结构。
这种结构在句子中加入了宾语补足语,用以补充说明宾语的情况。
例如:"I found him in the park."(我在公园里找到了他。
)这里的主语是"I",谓语是"found",宾语是"him",宾语补足语是"in the park"。
第四种结构是主谓状语结构。
状语用来修饰动词,表示动作发生的时间、地点、原因等。
例如:"She works in a hospital."(她在医院工作。
)这里的主语是"She",谓语是"works",状语是"in a hospital"。
高中英语知识点归纳句子成分的分类和功能在高中英语学习中,句子成分是一个非常重要的知识点。
了解并掌握句子成分的分类和功能,对于理解句子的结构和语法规则具有关键性意义。
本文将对高中英语句子成分的分类和功能进行归纳总结。
一、句子成分的分类在英语句子中,常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、同位语、状语、定语、补语和插入语等。
1. 主语(Subject):主语是句子的核心部分,通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等表示。
主语在句子中的作用是执行动作或者是被动接受动作。
例如:- The cat is sleeping.(猫正在睡觉。
)- He plays basketball every day.(他每天打篮球。
)2. 谓语(Predicate):谓语是句子的动作或状态的核心部分,通常由动词或动词短语表示。
谓语说明主语的动作或状态。
例如:- They are going to the park.(他们要去公园。
)- She is a student.(她是一名学生。
)3. 宾语(Object):宾语是句子中动作的承受者或影响者,通常由名词、代词、动名词、不定式等表示。
宾语通常回答“谁”或“什么”的问题。
例如:- He bought a new car.(他买了一辆新车。
)- Can you pass me the salt?(你能递给我盐吗?)4. 表语(Predicate complement):表语通常用来补充说明主语的身份、特征或状态,通常由形容词、名词、代词等表示。
表语用来对主语进行补充说明。
例如:- She is happy.(她很开心。
)- The book is interesting.(这本书很有趣。
)5. 同位语(Appositive):同位语通常用来对前面的名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,通常由名词、代词等表示。
同位语用来进一步说明前面的名词或代词。
例如:- My sister, a doctor, lives in New York.(我的姐姐,一名医生,住在纽约。
高中英语句子成分句子成分:1.主语(subject):句子所描述的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
例如,太阳从东方升起。
(名词)他喜欢跳舞。
(代词)二十年在历史上是短暂的时间。
(数词)看是信的。
(动名词)看是信的。
(不定式)他需要一本书。
(主语从句)很明显,大象像树一样高大。
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2.谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成,而复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词组成。
例如,我看到了山顶上的旗帜吗?他照顾了两个孤儿。
(简单谓语)他能说一口流利的英语。
她好像不喜欢跳舞。
(复合谓语)3.表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
例如,他是一位老师。
(名词)你已经74岁了!你看起来不像。
(代词)五加五等于十。
(数词)他正在睡觉。
(形容词)他的父亲在里面。
(副词)这幅画挂在墙上。
(介词短语)我的手表不见了。
(形容词化的分词)XXX is to say "I'm poor。
I can't buy a ring."XXX is whether they will come。
Common linking verbs include: be。
sound。
look。
feel。
smell。
taste。
remain。
and seem。
It seems like a good idea。
The sound XXX I feel tired。
XXX: 1.I am a teacher。
2.They are on the playground。
3.My job is teaching English。
4.It gets cold。
5.It sounds interesting。
Object:1) Receiver of n - object of transitive XXXI like China (noun)。
高中英语句子成分分析解析1. 主语(Subject)主语是句子中执行或承受动作的人、物或概念。
它通常回答谓语动词的问题"谁"或"什么"。
在句子中,主语通常出现在句首。
例如:- 主语在句子开头:Mary is reading a book.主语在句子开头:Mary is reading a book.- 主语在句子中间:The cat, a fat tabby, is sleeping.主语在句子中间:The cat, a fat tabby, is sleeping.- 主语是代词:It is raining.主语是代词:It is raining.- 主语是不定代词:Everyone loves ice cream.主语是不定代词:Everyone loves ice cream.2. 谓语(Predicate)谓语是句子中表达动作、状态或断言的部分。
它通常回答主语的问题"做了什么"。
例如:- 动词谓语:She dances gracefully.动词谓语:She dances gracefully.- 助动词谓语:He is studying for the test.助动词谓语:He is studying for the test.- 系动词谓语:The flowers smell beautiful.系动词谓语:The flowers smell beautiful.- 情态动词谓语:They could go to the party.情态动词谓语:They could go to the party.3. 宾语(Object)宾语是句子中被动作所影响的人、物或概念。
它通常回答谓语动词的问题"接受了什么"。
例如:- 宾语是名词:She bought a new car.宾语是名词:She bought a new car.- 宾语是代词:He loves her.宾语是代词:He loves her.- 宾语是不定代词:I saw something strange.宾语是不定代词:I saw something strange.4. 定语(Adjective)定语是修饰名词或代词的词语,它限定或描述它所修饰的词的特征或性质。
高一英语句子成分高一英语句子成分高中新课程标准的总目标是发展学生的综合语言应用能力,尤其是他们获取和加工信息的能力以及分析和解决问题的能力,高一英语句子成分有哪些的呢?本文是店铺整理高一英语句子成分的资料,仅供参考。
高一英语句子成分I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is !现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(complement)。
1)主语:主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分.一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当.它的位置一般在句首.The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe.They are good friends.句子成分练习题( 一 )(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2) 谓语:谓语说明主语做,是什么,怎么样,由简单动词或者动词短语构成.They are teachers. She looks well.He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC.goD. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨ He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB.didC. whomD. book3) 表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当.表语位于系动词后面.I am a teacher. She is happy.Everybody is here. They are at home now.My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.(三) 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired.② Why is he worried about Jim?③ The leaves have turned yellow.④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4) 宾语: 宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当.它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后.She plays the piano. He often helps me.I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon.I think that he is good guy.(四) 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class?⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦ They made him monitor of the class.⑧ Go acrothe bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?5) 宾语补足语:在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思.它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用.它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当.If you let me go, I’ll make you king. Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall. The bokeeps them working all day.I heard my name called.(五) 挑出下列句中的.宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspa-pe-rs and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6) 状语:状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词.它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度.一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当.He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out.In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.(六) 挑出下列句中的状语① There was a big smile on her face.② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③ He began to learn English when h e was eleven.④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, MiLi hurried off.⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧ The students followed U ncle Wang to see the othermachine.7) 定语:定语用来修饰名词或代词.形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语.The black bike is mine.What’s your name? A broken vase.I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.They made pa-pe-r flowers. The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do. It is a swimming pool.(七) 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.② What is your given name?③ On the third lap are Cla1 and Cla3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥ I am wai ting for the sound of the other shoe!Exercise指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .3. That was how they were defeated.4.The nursery takes good care of our children .5.I’ll r eturn the book to you tomorrow .6.We are sure that we shall succeed .7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.There are many film that I’d like to see.9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?10.I have a lot of work to do .11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it .12.I said it in fun .13.We can send a car over to fetch you .14.She had to work standing up .15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried .16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .17.The bus arrived ten minutes late .18.We should serve the people heart and soul.19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green .20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today .23.It was in the library that I come today .24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working .25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.。
于对市爱美阳光实验学校语法补习————句子成分 Edited by Mr.Xing句子成分是指构成句子的各个组成,即词和词组在句子中的各种语法意义。
句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、语、状语。
另外,一些句子还有一些其他的成分,如同位语、呼语、插入语。
(一)主语主语是指句子谈论的主题,也就是动作、行为、性质和状态的主体。
主语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 动名词;5. 不式;6. 词组或复合结构;7. 从句;8. 名词化的其他词类Who is speaking, please? To act like that is children.Two will be enough. Beijing is a beautiful city. Dancing is fun.〔二〕谓语谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。
通常由动词的各种形式来充当。
并且和主语在人称和数上保持一致。
谓语有广义与之分,广义的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的,的谓语仅仅指动词,这里我们讨论的是广义上的谓语。
1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词短语来充当 She got here at six. 〔动词〕2.有些谓语是由“系动词+表语〞构成的The girl felt cold. He is a teacher.3.有些谓语由“情态动词+动词原形〞构成Can you speak French? We must be careful.4.如果不及物动词作谓语,那么不可以直接加宾语,但可以在不及物动词后加介词再跟宾语We should depend on ourselves, not others. 〔depend为不及物动词〕〔三〕表语和连系动词be一起构成复合谓语的词或词组,称为表语。
表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质或状态。
表语可以用下面这些东西表示:1.名词;2. 代词;3. 数词;4. 形容词;5. 分词;6. 动名词;7. 不式;8. 副词;9. 介词短语;10. 词组;11. 从句She was the first to learn about it. 〔数词〕 My idea is this. 〔代词〕 It looks a lovely house.〔名词〕(四)宾语表示动作、行为的对象,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么,分为直接宾语和间接宾语两种。
I.句子成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。
英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同,可分为:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语。
一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
例如:Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。
He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。
To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。
二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词..充当。
例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is my father. 他是我父亲。
They all look fine. 他们都很好。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
例如:I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading.三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当,和及物动词一起构成谓语,说明主语“做什么”。
例如:Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。
I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。
He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。
直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫作间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。
合称双宾。
例如:He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语直接宾语Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语直接宾语四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,与连系动词一起构成谓语,表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。
例如:My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。
They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。
She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。
Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。
五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的,可以作定语的除形容词外,还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。
例如:This is a green cup.(形容词)这是一个绿色的杯子。
Are these students your classmates? (代词)这些学生是你班的吗?Winter is the coldest season of the year.(介词短语)冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you.(不定式)我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly.(副词)这里的人们非常友好。
注意:形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。
而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
六、状语——状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的,有的修饰全句。
可以作状语的主要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。
例如:You are quite right .(副词)你非常正确。
Mr.Wu comes to the school by bike.(介词短语) 吴老师骑自行车上学校。
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. (介词短语)她将于星期一到达北京。
He stopped to have a look. (不定式短语)他停下来看了看。
七、宾语补足语——有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语,意思才能够完整。
宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
例如:We call her Xiao L i.宾语宾语补足语You must keep the room clean and tidy.宾语宾语补足语John asked me to help him with his Chinese.宾语宾语补足语I will have my hair cut tomorrow.宾语宾语补足语We saw the boy playing basketball on the playground just n ow.宾语宾语补足语句子成分巧记歌诀Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。
1.We all study hard at English.A. 主语B. 谓语C. 宾语D.表语2.Betty likes her new bike very much.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语3.My brother is a policeman.A. 主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语4.Were you at home last night?A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6.He often walks in the park.A.定语B.状语C.宾语D.表语7.Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语8.He bought me a nice present last week.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语B.表语C.谓语D.定语10.I’ll get you some tea now.A.宾语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补11.My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语D.宾补12.He has read the book twice.A.主语B.谓语C.表语D.宾语13.They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语B.谓语C.宾语D.定语14.Do you have something to eat ?A.状语B.定语C.宾语D.宾补15.We made him our monitor.A.宾语B.定语C. 状语D.宾补II.简单句的基本句型由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)所构成的句子叫简单句。
根据句子的基本结构,简单句分为5种基本句型:1.S+V;(主语+不及物动词)I can swim. 我会游泳。
主语谓语(不及物动词)Everything changes. 万物都在变。
主语谓语The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。
主语谓语2.S+V+O;(主语++及物动词+宾语)I like English. 我喜欢英语。
主语谓语宾语They are reading books . 他们在看书。
主语. 谓语宾语He bought a computer last week. 他上周买了台电脑。
主语谓语宾语3.S+V+P;(主语+连系动词+表语)My mother is a scientist. 我母亲是个科学家。
主语谓语表语She looks young. 她看上去很年轻。
主语谓语表语The food tastes very delicious. 这食物尝起来很香。
主语谓语表语4.S+V+IO+DO;(主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)My mother bought me a dictionary yesterday. 我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。
主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Can you give me the math book? 你能给我那本数学书吗?谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Will you tell us something about your school life? 你给我讲讲你们的学习生活,好吗?谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5.S+V+O+Oc;(主语+及物动词+宾语+补语)We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整洁。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语My mother asks me to speak English as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语I heard her singing happily in the room just now. 刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。
主语谓语宾语宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:Exercises:I.指出下列句子的基本类型1.They are listening.2.My mother is fifty now.3.I have bought three books.4.My friend gave me a birthday present.5.I painted the wall white.6.The boss often makes the workers work twelve hours a day.7.They arrived at six o’clock.8.The map is on the wall9.Children often sing this song.10.Mr Wu teaches us English.11.She showed her friends all her pictures.12.I find him a lovely boy.II.请朗读以下句子,划分下列句子的成分,并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。
1. Our country consumes a large number of plastic bags.2. The super-thin bags are the main source of white pollution.3. We should encourage people to return to carrying cloth bags.4. The new rule came out.5. Environmental groups welcome the new rule.6. They can stop using plastic bags.7. What is particularly positive is that it involves public participation.8. Shops don’t offer free plastic bags to their consumers.9. Hong Kong and Australia are considering measures to curb plastic bag litter.10. Chinese consumers have gotten used to free plastic shopping bags.III.简单句的种类I.英语句子按结构可分为三类:简单句,并列句和复合句:1. 简单句Simple Sentences 含有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子。