正确答案华师2015春当代散文赏析

2015年高考新课标1卷语文试题（含答案）一、现代文阅读（9分。

毎小题3分〉阅读下面的文字，完成任务-3题宋代的农业，手工业，商业在唐代的基础上又有了新的发展，特别是商品经济出现了窗前的繁荣，在此背景下，宋代的货币流通和信用进入迅速发展时期，开创了古代金融的新篇章。

宋代在信用形式和信用工具方面都呈现出新的特点。

信用形式有借贷，质，押，典、赊买赊卖等多种形式。

借贷分为政府借贷和私人借贷。

政府贷借主要表现为赈贷的形式，在紧急情况下通过贷给百姓粮食或种子的方式，帮助他们度过困境。

私人借贷多为高利贷。

它可以解决社会分化和“钱荒”带来的平民百姓资金严重不足的问题，满足特殊支付和燃眉之急的需要。

质、押是借贷担保的形式，由质库、解库、普惠库、长生库等机构经营。

质属动产担保，它的设立必须转移动产的占有；押属不动产担保，通常将抵押物的旧契交付抵押权人即可。

债务人违约时，债权人可用变卖价款优先受偿。

典当作为不动产转移的一种形式，也是在宋代形成和发展起来的。

其特点是典权人向出典人支付典价后，就占有了出典人典产的使用权和收益支配权，典权存续期间典权人不向出典人支付租金，出典人也不向典权人支付利息。

宋代，商业贸易非常发达，但通货偏于紧缩，故赊买赊卖行为也很普及，几乎消费领域、流通领域和生产领域的所有物品都能进行赊买赊卖。

而且赊买赊卖所涉及人员的关系也异常复杂，触及官家和私人各层面。

从其实际效果看，解决了军需、赈济了贫民、加强了流通、满足了财政，更重要的一点，它向束缚生产流通扩大和发展的高利贷发起了冲击。

随着社会经济的发展，宋代商业贸易的发展对货币发展的要求越来越高，但是社会中货币供给和流通状况不尽理想，表现为货币流通区域的割据性、货币供给数量的有限性、货币币材的复杂性以及大量流通的铜铁钱细碎和不便携带的特性，其结果是抑制了经济发展。

为了解决这类问题，在高度发达的造纸和印刷技术保障下，通过民间自发力量的作用或官府的强制推行，宋代社会陆续涌现出诸如茶引、盐引、香药引、矾引、便钱、交子、钱引、见钱公据、关子和会子等大量新型纸质信用工具。

1．第1题The plan ________ computers to take complete controlof the driving of cars on heavily trafficked roads.A.calls backB.calls forC.calls inD.calls up您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.02．第2题A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A.favorableB.suitableC.properD.preferable您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.03．第3题The company wants to enroll three ________ this year to meet the need of its development.A.employersB.employeesC.employingD.employed您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.4．第4题Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was________.A.matureB.meaningfulC.innocentD.deliberate您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.05．第5题They have sold ________ eggs since this morning.A.dozen ofB.two dozensC.a dozenD.dozen您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.06．第6题By a ________ of good luck, Gene, who had been buriedin the rubble for more than 26 hours, came out alive.A.strokeB.hitC.strikeD.blow您的答案：A 题目分数：4此题得分：4.07．第7题The fact that the princess was paler and whiter than any one in the arena her anxiety.A.uncoveredB.revealedC.disguisedD.represented您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.08．第8题It is important to boost the morale of the soldiers as lo w morale can render an army .A.disabledB.sterileC.barrenD.impotent您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.09．第9题The very idea of your taking part in the beauty competition is .A.abnormalB.futileC.absurdD.abrupt您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.010．第10题Glancing his shoulder the herpetologist noticed that he was being followed by a lizard.A.behindB.roundC.backD.over您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.011．第11题We can hurt people’s feelings if we are too .A.tactfulB.sensibleC.bluntD.subtle您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.012．第12题Neil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism”on the of the moment.A.pointB.spurstD.present您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.013．第13题She won’t be sad too long and time will ________ most trouble.A.healB.treatC.remedyD.forget您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.014．第14题The foreign company has been ________ running thisfactory for decades.A.enormouslyB.effectivelyC.infinitelyD.extremely您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.015．第15题Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase means_________.A.unexpectedlyB.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.016．第16题When appreciating Chinese poems, a wise reader should________.A.read between the linesB.think throughC.fumble with D .make sense您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.017．第17题After hurting in the Second World War, once during therain season, he will get a ________ headache.A.continualB.continuousC.continuedD.content您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.018．第18题He can speak Spanish and French ________.A.tooB.alsoC.neitherD.as well您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.019．第19题This is a new technology that did not ________ our expectations.A.live outB.live withC.live up toD.live in您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.020．第20题You are being thoroughly in refusing to allow your so n to be an apprentice to the stonemason.A.unpredictableB.unthinkableC.unreasonableD.undesirable您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.021．第21题Betty broke the school rules repeatedly so the principal ha d no alternative but to her.A.exportB.expelC.deportD.eject您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.022．第22题The chief of the museum was most and let us examine the ancient tools.A.satisfyingB.pleasingC.obligingD.promising您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.023．第23题Squirrels often use their tails to their balance while they are leaping and climbing.A.holdB.keepC.haveD.maintain您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.024．第24题The Space Age commenced in October 1957 when thefirst ______ satellite was launched by the Soviet Union.A.beneficialB.artificialmercialD.financial您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.025．第25题As the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent th understorm is .A.immediateB.instantaneousC.eminentD.imminent您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.0作业总得分：100.1．第1题The foreign company has been ________ running this factory for decades.A.enormouslyB.effectivelyC.infinitelyD.extremely您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.02．第2题A dark suit is ________ to a light one for evening wear.A.favorableB.suitableC.properD.preferable您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.03．第3题Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The it alicized phrasemeans_________.A.unexpectedlyB.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.04．第4题The company wants to enroll three ________ this year to me et the need of itsdevelopment.A.employersB.employeesC.employingD.employed您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.05．第5题When appreciating Chinese poems, a wise reader should ______ __.A.read between the linesB.think throughC.fumble with D .make sense您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.06．第6题Betty broke the school rules repeatedly so the principal ha d no alternative but to her.A.exportB.expelC.deportD.eject您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.07．第7题As the sky looks ominous, it is obvious that a violent th understorm is .A.immediateB.instantaneousC.eminentD.imminent您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.08．第8题Since the question of her decision is not one to be con sidered lightly, the writer tried to the answer.A.deludeB.evadeC.pervadeD.elude您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.09．第9题If you ______ a nerve cell of your brain, it will never recover its function.A.ruinB.hurtC.impairD.damage您的答案：D 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.10．第10题Norman Bethune ________ his life to the emancipation of the Chinese people.A.dedicatedB.deducedC.derivedD.contributed您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.011．第11题Every student with a permission card in the college can ha ve ________ to thecomputer rooms with fees.A.accessB.authorityC.alternativeD.attention您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.012．第12题In order to gain money, he ________ the plan to the newsp apers.A.immuneB.devotedC.exposedD.superior您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：413．第13题In 1681 the gentleman persuaded the King of England to ___ ___ him land for a Quaker colony in America, to be named Pennsylvania (meaning Penn's forest).A.grantB.awardC.presentD.donate您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.014．第14题We can rest that the talented young secretary has bee n able to confirm what he said in the original report. A.assured B.ensured C.insured D.reassured您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.015．第15题To some people in the west, marriage is an institutio n.A.archaicB.obsoleteC.extantD.ancient您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.016．第16题______ for the job was very stiff. Only a few people we re hired out of a hundred applicants.petitionB.OppositionC.StrifeD.Debate您的答案：A 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.017．第17题The chief of the museum was most and let us examine the ancient tools.A.satisfyingB.pleasingC.obligingD.promising您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.018．第18题Squirrels often use their tails to their balance while they are leaping and climbing.A.holdB.keepC.haveD.maintain您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.019．第19题We can hurt people’s feelings if we are too .A.tactfulB.sensibleC.bluntD.subtle您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.020．第20题The Space Age commenced in October 1957 when the first ___ ___ satellite waslaunched by the Soviet Union.A.beneficialB.artificialmercialD.financial您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.021．第21题Neil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism”on the of the moment.A.pointB.spurstD.present您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.022．第22题Since Emily saw the program about the knack for longevity, she has become with physical fitness.A.obsessedB.engrossedC.concentratedD.occupied您的答案：A 题目分数：4此题得分：4.023．第23题The young prince power upon the death of the king.A.resumedB.consumedC.assumedD.presumed您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.024．第24题Owing to the economic recession, the factory had no choice but to ______hundreds of laborers.y downy offy asidey away您的答案：B 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.025．第25题The rich merchants and landowners of the coast would never ______ theirlawmaking power to uncivilized men unless they were forced to do so.A.turn downB.turn inC.turn overD.turn back您的答案：C 题目分数：4 此题得分：4.0作业总得分：1001．第1题The fact that the princess was paler and whiter thanany one in the arena her anxiety.A.uncoveredB.revealedC.disguisedD.represented您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.02．第2题It is important to boost the morale of the soldiersas low morale can render an army .A.disabledB.sterileC.barrenD.impotent您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.03．第3题The chief of the museum was most and let us examinethe ancient tools.A.satisfyingB.pleasingC.obligingD.promising您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.04．第4题Squirrels often use their tails to their balance while they are leaping and climbing.A.holdB.keepC.haveD.maintain您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.05．第5题The company wants to enroll three ________ this year to meet the need of its development.A.employersB.employeesC.employingD.employed您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.06．第6题Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ________.A.matureB.meaningfulC.innocentD.deliberate您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.07．第7题The Space Age commenced in October 1957 when the first ______ satellite was launched by the SovietUnion.A.beneficialB.artificialmercialD.financial您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.08．第8题Although these novels forcefully suggest that such reforms face much resistance, all clearly ______ that eventually this resistance can be overcome.A.concludeB.confuseC.confineD.conduct您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.09．第9题I’m not sick; ________ , I’m in the peak of health.A.to be honestB.on the contraryC.to my delightD.on all sides您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.010．第10题In 1681 the gentleman persuaded the King of England to ______ him land for a Quaker colony in America, to be named Pennsylvania (meaning Penn's forest).A.grantB.awardC.presentD.donate您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.011．第11题We can rest that the talented young secretary has been able to confirm what he said in the original report.A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.reassured您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.012．第12题______ for the job was very stiff. Only a few people were hired out of a hundred applicants.petitionB.OppositionC.StrifeD.Debate您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.013．第13题Glancing his shoulder the herpetologist noticed that he was being followed by a lizard.A.behindB.roundC.backD.over您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.014．第14题We can hurt people’s feelings if we are too .A.tactfulB.sensibleC.bluntD.subtle您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.015．第15题Neil Postman did not write the essay “Euphemism” on the of the moment.A.pointB.spurstD.present您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.016．第16题If you ______ a nerve cell of your brain, it will never recover its function.A.ruinB.hurtC.impairD.damage您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.017．第17题Having tasted the bitterness of poverty, he ________ to create a better environment for his child.A.goes to extremesB.goes to great lengthsC.goes to piecesD.goes to ruin您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.018．第18题The boy has a profound ________ of the implication ofhis grandmother’s dying words.A.realizationB.memoryC.thoughtD.grasp您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.019．第19题To some people in the west, marriage is an institution.A.archaicB.obsoleteC.extantD.ancient您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.020．第20题The journalist paused to ______ his notes, and then proceeded with his questions.A.contactB.contrastC.consultD.contest您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.021．第21题A dark suit is ________ to a light one for eveningwear.A.favorableB.suitableC.properD.preferable您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.022．第22题When appreciating Chinese poems, a wise reader should ________.A.read between the linesB.think throughC.fumble withD.make sense您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.023．第23题After hurting in the Second World War, once during the rain season, he will get a ________ headache.A.continualB.continuousC.continuedD.content您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.024．第24题You are being thoroughly in refusing to allow your son to be an apprentice to the stonemason.A.unpredictableB.unthinkableC.unreasonableD.undesirable您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.025．第25题Betty broke the school rules repeatedly so the principal had no alternative but to her.A.exportB.expelC.deportD.eject您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.0作业总得分：100.0。

散文分析考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 下列哪项不是散文的特点？A. 语言优美B. 情感真挚C. 逻辑严密D. 形式自由答案：C2. 散文中常见的修辞手法不包括以下哪项？A. 比喻B. 排比C. 反问D. 复述答案：D3. 散文《荷塘月色》的作者是谁？A. 鲁迅B. 朱自清C. 沈从文D. 老舍答案：B4. 散文《我的母亲》中，作者表达了对母亲的哪种情感？A. 敬爱B. 怀念C. 感激D. 以上都是答案：D5. 散文《背影》中，作者通过描述父亲的背影，传达了怎样的情感？A. 父爱的伟大B. 离别的哀愁C. 成长的艰辛D. 以上都是答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共10分）1. 散文《春》的作者是________，他通过细腻的笔触描绘了春天的景象，表达了对生命的热爱和对自然的赞美。

答案：朱自清2. 散文《再别康桥》中，“轻轻的我走了，正如我轻轻的来”这句话运用了________的修辞手法，表达了作者对康桥的依依不舍之情。

答案：对偶3. 散文《故都的秋》中，作者通过对北京秋天的描写，抒发了对________的怀念之情。

答案：故乡4. 散文《我的老师》中，作者通过回忆自己的老师，表达了对老师的________和________。

答案：敬爱；感激5. 散文《荷塘月色》中，作者通过对荷塘月色的描绘，传达了一种________的心境。

答案：宁静三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述散文《小桔灯》中“小桔灯”的象征意义。

答案：在散文《小桔灯》中，“小桔灯”象征着光明和希望，它在黑暗中为人们指引方向，给予人们温暖和力量，体现了作者对美好生活的向往和对人性的信任。

2. 分析散文《我与地坛》中作者对地坛的情感态度。

答案：在散文《我与地坛》中，作者对地坛有着深厚的情感。

地坛不仅是他童年的游乐场，也是他成年后的精神寄托。

作者通过对地坛的描写，表达了对过去时光的怀念和对自然之美的赞美，同时也反映了作者对生活的深刻感悟和对人生哲理的思考。

机密★启用前山东省2015年普通高校招生（春季）考试语文试题本试卷分第一（选择题）和卷二（非选择题）两部分。

满分120分，考试时间120分钟。

考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

卷一（选择题共50分）本卷共20个小题，在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，请将符合题目要求的选项字母代号选出，填涂在答题卡上。

一、（本大题10个小题，每小题2分，共20分）1．下列词语中加点字的注音，全部正确的是A．迁徙．(xǐ) 脊．梁(jí) 并行不悖．（bèi）旌．旗蔽空(jīn)B．窥．视(kuī) 裸露．(lîu) 相形见绌．(chū) 欲壑．难填（hè）C．端倪．(ní) 俯瞰．(kàn) 强聒．不舍(guō) 惊鸿一瞥．（piē）D．譬．如(bì) 喧嚣．(xiāo) 搔首蜘．蹰(zhí) 怒不可遏．（è）答案：C 解析：A.脊．梁(jǐ) 旌．旗蔽空(jīng)。

B.裸露．(lù) 相形见绌．(chù)。

D.譬．如(pì) 搔首蜘．蹰(chí)。

每组设置两个错误，难度不大。

2．下列句子中，没有错别字的是A．我汗流浃背，四肢颤抖，恨不得立刻躺倒在那片刚刚开垦的泥土之上。

B．科学家们称这种行踪鬼秘、忽隐忽现的岛屿为“幽灵岛”。

C．我们要做一个热爱生活的人，不能对周围的事物莫不关心。

D．教育界一些知名人士大声急呼：让那歌曲尽快走向我们的少年儿童。

答案：A 解析：B. 鬼秘-诡秘。

C. 莫不关心-漠不关心。

D. 急呼-疾呼3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，恰当的是①走在林间，天色微暗，行人渐少，____几声鸟鸣，为山林平添了几分寂静。

②在我国很多地区，都有端午节挂荷包的习俗，据说这样可以疾病。

③自闭症患者自我封闭。

他们____不会表达自己的感情，无法对他人的肢体语言予以适当的回应。

2015年高考真题：散文一．[2015·福建卷] 阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。

纸上故乡邓琴故乡给了我一颗多愁善感的心，它常常在梦中打探故乡的消息。

我的家乡在千里之外的赣南，它的每一寸肌肤都浸润在红色文化里，在淡淡茶香中，在田间地头悠悠的歌声里。

它是贫穷的，但它又是富硕的。

它没有飞驰的动车，没有轰鸣的机器，有的是叮咚的流水、黛色的群山。

且不说章江水日夜川流不息、润泽万物；也不说成片的稻田如一张巨大的地毯静卧天地间，恩惠万家；就说梅岭那漫山遍野、傲立寒冬的梅花盛景，已是天下一绝。

离家多年，到过很多地方，心中始终挥不去的是故乡的景象。

在秋收的季节里，打谷机工作的声音，一声一声鼓动我的耳膜，提醒着我曾是故乡的孩子。

内心深处的一丝不安也被催生出来，那就是当年因对外面世界的向往而离开了家乡。

如今，我虽然站立在了外面的缤纷世界里，但我奋斗的每一个脚印，享受的每一份安逸，却都被打上了“外乡人”的烙印。

我对故乡的情感，只能在诗人的诗歌里、乡土作家的文字里寻找慰藉，只能寄托在自己尚不成熟的文字中。

那些遥远的记忆，飘过了我最不懂乡愁的年华，飘过了故乡的山头，飘进了书页里，却厚重得让我无法高言阔谈。

儿时最熟悉的影像，莫过于茶山。

一到春天，漫山遍野的茶树抽出新叶，新叶从老叶中间小心翼翼地探出头来，好奇地张望这个美丽的地方。

只有我们那群孩子才知道，这个美丽的地方究竟有多么贫穷。

一到周末，我们就跑到茶场，学着大人的样子采茶叶，茶叶一毛钱一斤，动作快的一天能摘个四十斤。

四块钱在当时，可是一笔巨大的收入。

在那贫穷的岁月里，茶山无疑给我们苍白的生活增添了不少乐趣。

而农人与生俱来的勤俭生活态度，也开始渗透到我们的思想里了。

故乡给予我们的，更多的是精神层面的影响。

这也是我们不管走到哪里，都放不下故乡的原因。

我想，穷尽我一生都无法忘记那些年在田地里干活的场景。

小时候，一家子在稻田里收稻谷；长大了，一个人去拔秧苗，拔花生，拿着书在晒谷场上守谷子。

2015年高考语文试卷分类汇编：散文阅读(含答案解析)2015年高考语文试卷分类--散文阅读1.(北京)阅读下面的作品，完成⑴—⑹题。

(24分)说起梅花我出生的那一天，家门前的梅花初绽，据说是朱砂梅，很美，家人就给我取名“梅”字。

父亲自小教我古诗，关于梅花的诗很多，到现在还能一口气背出很多，如“冰雪林中著此身，不与桃李混芳尘”“不受尘埃半点侵，竹篱茅舍自甘心”。

我最喜欢曹雪芹的“冻脸有痕皆是血，酸心无恨亦成灰，误吞丹药移真骨，偷下瑶池脱旧胎”。

关于梅，人们谈论太多，种梅，赏梅，写梅，画梅，梅深入到人们生活的各个角落。

虽知道这名字极美，但每当别人问起我的名字时，又觉得难以启齿，太俗了，取这个名字的人太多，声音听起来也闷声闷气的，对这个名字的尴尬，一直不能释怀，到美国后就马上给自己取了一个雅致的英文名字，以为总可以脱俗了，不料一些好事的西方人非要知道我的中文名字。

记得第一个有个墨西哥人问我名字，我就告诉他我的名字是梅，他又问“梅”是什么意思，我说是一种花，那人打破砂锅问到底，问什么花。

我突然张口结舌起来，记得梅花翻译成英语是plum，就是李子，迟疑了一下，就说plum。

那人噢了一声，就不再问了，显然他对这个答案很失望。

第二次一个美国人问起梅花，我接受上次的教训，不再说李子花，就启发他说，是一种花，中国最美的花，你猜猜看。

那人就说“是玫瑰花”。

我有点失望，进一步启发说，这种花，很美，在冬天开放，中国人最喜欢，经常把它们画成画挂墙上，写进诗里。

那人想了想说：“是牡丹吧，牡丹又大又美，我看很多中国人的家里挂着牡丹花。

而且牡丹是我唯一认识的中国花。

”我一听又没有希望了，也难怪，很少美国人了解中国的历史与文化，何况一种花草。

我说梅花是被中国人挂在墙上，捧在手上，供在心里的，是深入血液和灵魂的一种花。

他似乎被我感动了，突然对梅来了兴趣。

这胖胖的老美认真起来，有一天他突然跑来兴冲冲地告诉我，苏菲，我找到了梅，结一种酸酸的果子，是可以做色拉醋的，很好吃。

2015年全国统一高考语文试卷（新课标Ⅱ）1. 阅读下面的文字，完成下列各题。

艺术品的接受在过去并不被看作是重要的美学问题，20世纪解释学兴起，一个名为“接受美学”的美学分支应运而生，于是研究艺术品的接受成为艺术美学中的显学。

过去，通常只是从艺术家的立场出发，将创作看作艺术家审美经验的结晶过程，作品完成就意味着创作完成。

而从接受美学的角度来看，这一完成并不说明创作已经终结，它只说明创作的第一阶段告一段落，接下来是读者或观众、听众的再创作。

由于未被阅读的作品的价值包括审美价值仅仅是一种可能的存在，只有通过阅读，它才转化为现实的存在，因此对作品的接受具有艺术本体的意义。

也就是说，接受者也是艺术创作的主体之一。

艺术文本即作品对于接受者来说具有什么意义呢？接受美学的创始人、德国的伊瑟尔说艺术文本是一个“召唤结构”，因为文本有“空白“空缺”“否定”三个要素。

所谓“空白”是说它有一些东西没有表达出来，作者有意不写或不明写，要接受者用自己的生活经验与想象去补充；所谓“空缺”，是语言结构造成的各个图象间的空白。

接受者在阅读文本时要把一个个句子表现的图象片断连接起来，整合成一个有机的图象系统；所谓“否定”指文本对接受者生活的现实具有否定的功能，它能引导接受者对现实进行反思和批判。

由此可见，文本的召唤性需要接受者呼应和配合，完成艺术品的第二次创作，正如中国古典美学中的含蓄与简洁，其有限的文字常常引发出读者脑海中的丰富意象。

接受者作为主体，他对文本的接受不是被动的，海德格尔提出“前理解”，即理解前的心理文化结构，这种结构影响着理解。

理解不可能是文本意义的重现，而只能是文本与前理解”的统一。

这样，文本与接受仍呈现出一种相互作用的关系：一方面文本在相当度上规定了接受者理解的范围、方向，让理解朝它的本义靠拢；另一方面，文本不可能将接受者完全制约住、规范住，接受者必然会按照自己的方式去理解作品，于是不可避免地就会出现误读或创造。

1．第1题?The?plan?________?computers?to?take?complete?control?of?the?driving?of?cars?on?heavily?trafficked?roads.?A.calls?back??B.calls?for??C.calls?in??D.calls?up?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???2．第2题?A?dark?suit?is?________?to?a?light?one?for?evening?wear.???A.favorable??B.suitable??C.proper?D.preferable?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???3．第3题?The?company?wants?to?enroll?three?________?this?year?to?meet?the?need?of?its?development.???A.employers?B.employees?C.employing?D.employed?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.4．第4题?Mr.?Smith?was?the?only?witness?who?said?that?the?fire?was?________.?A.mature??B.meaningful?C.innocent?D.deliberate?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???5．第5题?They?have?sold?________?eggs?since?this?morning.?A.dozen?of??B.two?dozens?C.a?dozen??D.dozen?您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???6．第6题?By?a?________?of?good?luck,?Gene,?who?had?been?buried?in?the?rubble?for?more?than?26?hours,?came?out?alive.?A.stroke?B.hit?C.strike?D.blow?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???7．第7题?The?fact?that?the?princess?was?paler?and?whiter?than?any?one?in?the?arena????her?anxiety.???A.uncovered?B.revealed?C.disguised??D.represented?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???8．第8题?It?is?important?to?boost?the?morale?of?the?soldiers?as?low?morale?can?render?an?army????.???A.disabled?B.sterile?C.barren?D.impotent??您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???9．第9题?The?very?idea?of?your?taking?part?in?the?beauty?competition?is????.???A.abnormal??B.futile?C.absurd?D.abrupt?您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???10．第10题?Glancing????his?shoulder?the?herpetologist?noticed?that?he?was?being?followed?by?a?lizard.???您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???11．第11题?We?can?hurt?people’s?feelings?if?we?are?too????.??A.tactful?B.sensible?C.blunt?D.subtle??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???12．第12题?Neil?Postman?did?not?write?the?essay?“Euphemism”?on?the????of?the?moment.???A.point??B.spur?st?D.present??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???13．第13题?She?won’t?be?sad?too?long?and?time?will?________?most?trouble.??A.heal??B.treat??C.remedy?D.forget??您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???14．第14题?The?foreign?company?has?been?________?running?this?factory?for?decades.???A.enormously??B.effectively?C.infinitely?D.extremely??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???15．第15题?Last?Sunday?she?came?to?visit?us?out?of?the?blue.?The?italicized?phrase?means_________.??A.unexpectedly??B.unhappily?C.untidily?D.unofficially?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???16．第16题?When?appreciating?Chinese?poems,?a?wise?reader?should?________.????A.read?between?the?lines??B.think?through?C.fumble?with??D.make?sense??您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???17．第17题?After?hurting?in?the?Second?World?War,?once?during?the?rain?season,?he?will?get?a?________?headache.?A.continual?B.continuous?C.continued?D.content?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???18．第18题?He?can?speak?Spanish?and?French?________.?A.too?B.also?C.neither?D.as?well?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???19．第19题?This?is?a?new?technology?that?did?not?________?our?expectations.?A.live?out??B.live?with??C.live?up?to??D.live?in??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???20．第20题?You?are?being?thoroughly????in?refusing?to?allow?your?son?to?be?an?apprentice?to?the?stonemason.???21．第21题?Betty?broke?the?school?rules?repeatedly?so?the?principal?had?no?alternative?but?to????her.??A.export??B.expel??C.deport?D.eject??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???22．第22题?The?chief?of?the?museum?was?most????and?let?us?examine?the?ancient?tools.???A.satisfying?B.pleasing?C.obliging??D.promising??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???23．第23题?Squirrels?often?use?their?tails?to????their?balance?while?they?are?leaping?and?climbing.???A.hold?B.keep?C.have?D.maintain??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???24．第24题?The?Space?Age?commenced?in?October?1957?when?the?first?______?satellite?was?launched?by?the?Soviet?Union.?????A.beneficial?B.artificial?mercial?D.financial?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???25．第25题?As?the?sky?looks?ominous,?it?is?obvious?that?a?violent?thunderstorm?is????.???A.immediate?B.instantaneous??C.eminent??D.imminent??您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???作业总得分：100.1．第1题?The?foreign?company?has?been?________?running?this?factory?for?decades.???A.enormously??B.effectively?C.infinitely?D.extremely??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???2．第2题?A?dark?suit?is?________?to?a?light?one?for?evening?wear.???A.favorable??B.suitable??C.proper?D.preferable?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???3．第3题?Last?Sunday?she?came?to?visit?us?out?of?the?blue.?The?italicized?phrase?means_________.??A.unexpectedly??B.unhappily?C.untidily?D.unofficially?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???4．第4题?The?company?wants?to?enroll?three?________?this?year?to?meet?the?need?of?its? development.???A.employers?B.employees?C.employing?D.employed?When?appreciating?Chinese?poems,?a?wise?reader?should?________.????A.read?between?the?lines??B.think?through?C.fumble?with??D.make?sense??您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???6．第6题?Betty?broke?the?school?rules?repeatedly?so?the?principal?had?no?alternative?but?to????her.??A.export??B.expel??C.deportD.eject??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???7．第7题?As?the?sky?looks?ominous,?it?is?obvious?that?a?violent?thunderstorm?is????.???A.immediate?B.instantaneous??C.eminent??D.imminent??您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???8．第8题??Since?the?question?of?her?decision?is?not?one?to?be?considered?lightly,?the?writer?tried?to????the?answer.??? A.delude?B.evade??C.pervade??D.elude?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???9．第9题?If?you?______?a?nerve?cell?of?your?brain,?it?will?never?recover?its?function.?????A.ruin?B.hurt?C.impair?D.damage?您的答案：D?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.10．第10题?Norman?Bethune?________?his?life?to?the?emancipation?of?the?Chinese?people.?A.dedicated?B.deduced?C.derived??D.contributed?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???11．第11题?Every?student?with?a?permission?card?in?the?college?can?have?________?to?the?computer?rooms?with?fees.???A.access?B.authority?C.alternative?D.attention?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???12．第12题?In?order?to?gain?money,?he?________?the?plan?to?the?newspapers.?A.immune??B.devoted?C.exposed??D.superior??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：413．第13题?In?1681?the?gentleman?persuaded?the?King?of?England?to?______?him?land?for?a?Quaker?colony?in?America,?to? be?named?Pennsylvania?(meaning?Penn's?forest).????????A.grant?B.award?C.present?D.donate?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???14．第14题?We?can?rest????that?the?talented?young?secretary?has?been?able?to?confirm?what?he?said?in?the?original?report.??A.assured?B.ensured?C.insured?D.reassured?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???15．第15题?To?some?people?in?the?west,?marriage?is?an????institution.???A.archaic??B.obsolete??C.extant??D.ancient??______?for?the?job?was?very?stiff.?Only?a?few?people?were?hired?out?of?a?hundred?applicants.petition?B.Opposition?C.Strife?D.Debate?您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???17．第17题?The?chief?of?the?museum?was?most????and?let?us?examine?the?ancient?tools.???A.satisfying?B.pleasing?C.obliging??D.promising??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???18．第18题?Squirrels?often?use?their?tails?to????their?balance?while?they?are?leaping?and?climbing.???A.hold?B.keep?C.have?D.maintain??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???19．第19题?We?can?hurt?people’s?feelings?if?we?are?too????.??A.tactful?B.sensible?C.blunt?D.subtle??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???20．第20题?The?Space?Age?commenced?in?October?1957?when?the?first?______?satellite?was?launched?by?the?Soviet?Union.?????A.beneficial?B.artificial?mercial?D.financial?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???21．第21题?Neil?Postman?did?not?write?the?essay?“Euphemism”?on?the????of?the?moment.???A.point??B.spur?st?D.present??您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???22．第22题?Since?Emily?saw?the?program?about?the?knack?for?longevity,?she?has?become????with?physical?fitness.???A.obsessed??B.engrossed?C.concentrated??D.occupied??您的答案：A?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???23．第23题?The?young?prince????power?upon?the?death?of?the?king.???A.resumed?B.consumed??C.assumed??D.presumed??您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???24．第24题?Owing?to?the?economic?recession,?the?factory?had?no?choice?but?to?______?hundreds?of?laborers.????????y?down?y?off?y?aside?y?away?您的答案：B?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???25．第25题?The?rich?merchants?and?landowners?of?the?coast?would?never?______?their?lawmaking?power?to?uncivilized?men?unless?they?were?forced?to?do?so.???????A.turn?down?B.turn?in?C.turn?over?D.turn?back?您的答案：C?题目分数：4?此题得分：4.0???作业总得分：1001．第1题A.uncoveredB.revealedC.disguisedD.represented您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.02．第2题Itisimportanttoboostthemoraleofthesoldiersaslowmoralecanrenderanarmy.A.disabledB.sterileC.barrenD.impotent您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.03．第3题Thechiefofthemuseumwasmostandletusexaminetheancienttools.A.satisfyingB.pleasingC.obligingD.promising您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.04．第4题Squirrelsoftenusetheirtailstotheirbalancewhiletheyareleapingandclimbing.A.holdB.keepC.haveD.maintain您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.05．第5题A.employersB.employeesC.employingD.employed您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.06．第6题Mr.Smithwastheonlywitnesswhosaidthatthefirewas________.A.matureB.meaningfulC.innocentD.deliberate您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.07．第7题TheSpaceAgecommencedinOctober1957whenthefirst______satellitewaslaunchedbytheSovietUnion.A.beneficialB.artificialmercialD.financial您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.0Althoughthesenovelsforcefullysuggestthatsuchreformsfacemuchresistance,allclearly______thatevent uallythisresistancecanbeovercome.A.concludeB.confuseC.confineD.conduct您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.09．第9题I’mnotsick;________,I’minthepeakofhealth.A.tobehonestB.onthecontraryC.tomydelightD.onallsides您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.010．第10题In1681thegentlemanpersuadedtheKingofEnglandto______himlandforaQuakercolonyinAmerica,tobe namedPennsylvania(meaningPenn'sforest).A.grantB.awardC.presentD.donate您的答案：A11．第11题Wecanrestthatthetalentedyoungsecretaryhasbeenabletoconfirmwhathesaidintheoriginalreport.A.assuredB.ensuredC.insuredD.reassured您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.012．第12题______forthejobwasverystiff.Onlyafewpeoplewerehiredoutofahundredapplicants.petitionB.OppositionC.StrifeD.Debate您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.013．第13题Glancinghisshouldertheherpetologistnoticedthathewasbeingfollowedbyalizard.A.behindB.roundC.backD.over此题得分：4.014．第14题Wecanhurtpeople’sfeelingsifwearetoo.A.tactfulB.sensibleC.bluntD.subtle您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.015．第15题Neil Postmandidnotwritetheessay“Euphemism”ontheofthemoment.A.pointB.spurstD.present您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.016．第16题Ifyou______anervecellofyourbrain,itwillneverrecoveritsfunction.A.ruinB.hurtC.impair您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.017．第17题Havingtastedthebitternessofpoverty,he________tocreateabetterenvironmentforhischild.A.goestoextremesB.goestogreatlengthsC.goestopiecesD.goestoruin您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.018．第18题Theboyhasaprofound________oftheimplicationofhis grandmother’sdyingwords.A.realizationB.memoryC.thoughtD.grasp您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.019．第19题Tosomepeopleinthewest,marriageisaninstitution.A.archaicB.obsoleteC.extantD.ancient您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.020．第20题Thejournalistpausedto______hisnotes,andthenproceededwithhisquestions.A.contactB.contrastC.consultD.contest您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.021．第21题Adarksuitis________toalightoneforeveningwear.A.favorableB.suitableC.properD.preferable您的答案：D题目分数：4此题得分：4.022．第22题WhenappreciatingChinesepoems,awisereadershould________.A.readbetweenthelinesB.thinkthroughC.fumblewithD.makesense您的答案：A题目分数：4此题得分：4.023．第23题AfterhurtingintheSecondWorldWar,onceduringtherainseason,hewillgeta________headache.A.continualB.continuousC.continuedD.content您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.024．第24题Youarebeingthoroughlyinrefusingtoallowyoursontobeanapprenticetothestonemason.A.unpredictableB.unthinkableC.unreasonableD.undesirable您的答案：C题目分数：4此题得分：4.025．第25题Bettybroketheschoolrulesrepeatedlysotheprincipalhadnoalternativebuttoher.A.exportB.expelC.deportD.eject您的答案：B题目分数：4此题得分：4.0作业总得分：100.0。

1．第4题Cloze (10%)Complete each of the words with initial letters given in the brackets by referring to the missing parts of the following passage with corresponding numbers.We must keep in 1. m that things do not have “real” names, 2. a many peopl e believe that they do. A garbage man is not “really” a “garbage man,” more than he is a “sanitation engineer.” And a pig is not called a “pig” 3. b it is so dirty, 4. n a shrimp a “shrimp” because it is so small. There are things, and then there are the names of things, and it is considered a fundamental error in all branches of semantics to 5 a that a name and a thing are one and the same. It is true, of course, that a name is usually so firmly associated with the thing it denotes that it is extremely difficult to 6. s one from the other.It would appear that human beings almost naturally come to identify7. nwith things, 8. w is one of our more fascinating illusions. But there is some 9. s to this illusion. For if you change the names of things, you change how people will regard them, and that is as good as changing the nature of the thing 10. i .Cloze (10%)答案:2Paraphrase in English the parts underlined in the following (20%): One of the major pleasures in life is appetite, and one of our major duties should be to preserve it. Appetite is the 1keenness of living; it is one of the senses that tells you that you are still 2curious to exist, that you 3still have an edge on your longings and want to bite into the world and taste its 4multitudinous flavors and juices.By appetite, of course, I don’t mean just the 5lust for food, but any condition of unsatisfied desire, any 6burning in the blood that proves you want more than you’ve got, and that you haven’t yet used up your life. Wilde said he felt sorry for those who 7never got their heart’s desire, but sorrier still for those who did. I got mine once only, and it nearly killed me, and I’ve always preferred 8wanting to having since.Besides, the whole 9toffee-ness of toffees was 10imperceptibly diminished by the gross act of having eaten it.Paraphrase in English the parts underlined in the following (20%):1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案:Paraphrase in English the parts underlined in the following (20%):1. Appetite is the keenness of living: strong desire to live on2. you are still curious to exist: eager3. you still have an edge on your longings: are still driven by strong desires4. taste its multitudinous flavours and juices: numerous5. I don't mean the lust for food: overwhelming desire6. any burning in the blood: any strong desire that you have7. who never got their heart's desire: were never satisfied8. I've always preferred wanting to having: being in the state of wanting something to having something9. the whole toffeeness of toffees: appeal for a child to eat toffees10.imperceptibly diminished: unaccountably3．第2题Rewrite the followingFor each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as close in meaning as possible to the original sentence by using the given words as the beginning.1.This sort of process—giving pretty names to essentially ugly realities—is whathas given euphemizing such a bad name.For this sort of process—giving pretty names to essentially ugly realities—,euphemizing has been ___________________2.Teacher who prefers us to use the term “culturally different children” instead of“slum children” is euphemizing, all right, but is doing it to encourage us to see aspects of a situation that might otherwise not be attended to.To encourage us to see aspects of a situation that might otherwise not be attended to is what the teacher really means by ________3.The point I am making is that there is nothing in the process of euphemizing itselfthat is contemptible.By “contemptible”, I don’t mean __________________4.There must be some authentic tendency or drift in the culture to lend support to thechange, or the name will remain incongruous and may even appear ridiculous.The name will remain incongruous and may even appear ridiculouswithout_________5.To ask where the “shithouse” is, is no more to the point than to ask where the“restroom” is.It is not clearer to ask where ______________________答案:Rewrite the following1.For this sort of process—giving pretty names to essentially ugly realities--, euphemizing has been given such a bad name.2.What the teacher really means by preferring us to use the term “culturallydifferent children” instead of “slum children” is to encourage us to see aspects of a situation that might otherwise not be attended to.3.By “contemptible”, I don’t mean anything in the process of euphemizing itself.4.Without some authentic cultural support to the change, the name will remainincongruous and may even appear ridiculous.5.It is not clearer to ask where the “shithouse” is than to ask where the “restroom” is.4．第3题Translate the following parts into English (20%)1)这个半开化的国王有个正处在豆蔻年华的女儿，其绝伦的美貌和他那异想天开的古怪念头一样令人难以形容，其狂野与蛮横与他如出一辙。

2015年高考语文试卷分类散文阅读题汇编1.(北京)阅读下面的作品，完成⑴—⑹题。

(24分)说起梅花我出生的那一天，家门前的梅花初绽，据说是朱砂梅，很美，家人就给我取名“梅”字。

父亲自小教我古诗，关于梅花的诗很多，到现在还能一口气背出很多，如“冰雪林中著此身，不与桃李混芳尘”“不受尘埃半点侵，竹篱茅舍自甘心”。

我最喜欢曹雪芹的“冻脸有痕皆是血，酸心无恨亦成灰，误吞丹药移真骨，偷下瑶池脱旧胎”。

关于梅，人们谈论太多，种梅，赏梅，写梅，画梅，梅深入到人们生活的各个角落。

虽知道这名字极美，但每当别人问起我的名字时，又觉得难以启齿，太俗了，取这个名字的人太多，声音听起来也闷声闷气的，对这个名字的尴尬，一直不能释怀，到美国后就马上给自己取了一个雅致的英文名字，以为总可以脱俗了，不料一些好事的西方人非要知道我的中文名字。

记得第一个有个墨西哥人问我名字，我就告诉他我的名字是梅，他又问“梅”是什么意思，我说是一种花，那人打破砂锅问到底，问什么花。

我突然张口结舌起来，记得梅花翻译成英语是plum，就是李子，迟疑了一下，就说plum。

那人噢了一声，就不再问了，显然他对这个答案很失望。

第二次一个美国人问起梅花，我接受上次的教训，不再说李子花，就启发他说，是一种花，中国最美的花，你猜猜看。

那人就说“是玫瑰花”。

我有点失望，进一步启发说，这种花，很美，在冬天开放，中国人最喜欢，经常把它们画成画挂墙上，写进诗里。

那人想了想说：“是牡丹吧，牡丹又大又美，我看很多中国人的家里挂着牡丹花。

而且牡丹是我唯一认识的中国花。

”我一听又没有希望了，也难怪，很少美国人了解中国的历史与文化，何况一种花草。

我说梅花是被中国人挂在墙上，捧在手上，供在心里的，是深入血液和灵魂的一种花。

他似乎被我感动了，突然对梅来了兴趣。

这胖胖的老美认真起来，有一天他突然跑来兴冲冲地告诉我，苏菲，我找到了梅，结一种酸酸的果子，是可以做色拉醋的，很好吃。

我讶然了，是的，有些梅是可以结果子的。