杰弗逊

杰弗逊美国独立宣言的主要起草人美国独立宣言是美国历史上的重要里程碑，标志着美国从英国的殖民地地位独立出来，成为一个独立国家。

而杰弗逊作为独立宣言的主要起草人，发挥了重大的作用。

本文将介绍杰弗逊的背景以及他对独立宣言的贡献。

杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）出生于1743年，在美国历史上被誉为才子，他是一位政治家、法学家、建筑师和植物学家。

他曾在美国独立战争期间担任弗吉尼亚的殖民地议会代表，并且担任了多年的美国总统，被誉为“自由之父”。

在美国独立战争期间，一系列的事件和不公平待遇引发了美国殖民地居民的不满和反抗。

杰弗逊积极参与并支持殖民地的独立运动。

他认为每个人都有生命、自由和追求幸福的权利，并且这些权利来自上帝而非政府。

1776年，为了向世界宣告美国殖民地独立的决心和目的，杰弗逊被选为起草委员会的成员，与约翰·亚当斯、本杰明·富兰克林、罗杰·谢尔曼等人共同起草了美国独立宣言。

独立宣言中重点阐述了美国殖民地独立的原因和民众的权利。

正文：独立宣言的起草过程中，杰弗逊被委以重任。

他以其政治智慧和卓越的文笔，撰写了独立宣言中最重要的段落：宣言的前言和第一个正式章节。

杰弗逊在独立宣言的前言中，以雄辩的语言反驳了英国国王乔治三世的统治和压迫。

他强调了政府权力的来源和目的，即为了保护人民的生命、自由和幸福。

杰弗逊认为，当政府无视人民的权利并滥用职权时，人民有权利推翻该政府，并通过建立新的政府来维护自己的权益。

这一观点成为后来美国政治哲学的重要基石，也对世界其他国家产生了深远影响。

在独立宣言的第一个正式章节中，杰弗逊列举了一系列英国国王乔治三世违反自由的事实和罪行，包括对殖民地的征税和立法的干涉等等。

他明确指出这些行为已经严重伤害了美洲殖民地居民的权利和利益，无法容忍。

杰弗逊在起草过程中注重清晰的逻辑结构和严密的论证。

他运用丰富的修辞手法和雄辩的语言，使独立宣言充满感情和力量。

论美国独立战争时期杰弗逊的人民主权理论论美国独立战争时期杰弗逊的人民主权理论郭永园一托马斯.杰弗逊的个人简介托马斯.杰弗逊,启蒙思想家,是美国独立革命运动的一位积极领导者和组织者，著名的美国《独立宣言》的起草人。

他前后从事政治活动近六十年之久，在美国人民的心目中是一位伟大的英雄。

杰弗逊是资产阶级民主主义思想家，主张人权平等、言论、宗教和人身自由。

被认为是美国第一次革命的重要的革命理论家和代言人之一。

在美国人民的心目中，他是与华盛顿、林肯齐名的美国三大伟人之一。

美国人民所以如此推崇杰弗逊，并不是因为他是美国开国元勋之一，而是因为他是美国民传统奠基人，他的民主思想始终是美国人民争取进步的推动力量（1）二人民主权理论的历史沿革在解释人民主权前有必要先解释人民主权的上位概念——主权。

主权指一个国家的最高权力，统治者通过它可以将自己的意志强加给国内所有居民。

狭义的主权指制定和修改法律的权力。

在国际法和国家关系上，主权是一个国家独立处理自己的事务，免受外来控制的自由。

主权所归属的政治实体称主权者。

(2）“主权”一词由中世纪拉丁文Supremitas或Potestas（最高权力）和古代法语Soverainete 演变而来。

早在古希腊，亚里士多德就论述了城邦“最高权力”或“最高治权”概念。

并把最高权力所归属的公务团体人数的多寡作为划分政体的标准之一。

近代主权概念是随着民族国家的崛起而出现的。

最早提出近代主权概念的是16世纪法国政治思想家J.布丹。

他把主权定义为“驾于公民和臣民之上，不受法律限制的最高权力”。

17世纪荷兰政治思想家H.格劳秀斯主要从主权国家之间的关系角度阐述主权问题。

他把主权理解为不受另一权力限制的权力。

这种权力不仅对内是最高的，而且对外还是独立的。

美国历届总统：托马斯·杰弗逊2008年10月13日08:42 腾讯文化我要评论(0)第1 2 3 页托马斯·杰弗逊托马斯·杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson，1743年4月13日─1826年7月4日）为美利坚合众国第三任总统（1801年─1809年）也是美国独立宣言（1776年）主要起草人，及美国开国元勋中最具影响力者之一。

其任期中之重大事件包括路易西安那购地案（Louisiana Purchase, 1803年）、1807年禁运法案（Embargo Act of 1807年）、以及路易斯与克拉克探勘（Lewis and Clark Expediti on, 1804–1806年）。

绰号：长腿汤姆；蒙蒂塞洛圣人；人民之人生卒：1743.4.13~1826.7.4任期：1801.3.4~1809.3.4出身：种植园主学历：大学（威廉-玛丽学院，哲学、文学）职业：律师、公务员、农场主党派：民主共和党（创始人）宗教：唯一神教派职务：弗尼吉亚州州长（第二任）、国务卿（第一任）、美国副总统（第二任）夫人：玛霞·威尔斯·斯克尔顿· 杰弗逊子女：3子3女马萨·华盛顿·杰弗逊 ,简· 伦道夫· 杰弗逊,男婴（夭折）,玛丽·威尔斯· 杰弗逊,露西·伊丽莎白· 杰弗逊一世,露西·伊丽莎白· 杰弗逊二世.著作：《独立宣言》、《弗尼吉亚纪实》、《肯塔基决议案》等名言：人们长期来被剥夺了自治的福址。

现在，就要完全看我们自己如何在安泰与和谐中享受这些福址：用实例表明，人类具有充分的理性管理人类的事务，以及多数人的意志，每个社会的自然规律乃是人类权利唯一的可靠监护者。

身为政治学家，杰弗逊秉持古典自由主义（classical liberalism）与共和主义(repu blicanism)，制定了维吉尼亚宗教自由法（Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, 1 779, 1786）。

INSTRUCTION MANUALISSUED:JULY 3, 1998KM-150BAF KM-150BWF CRESCENT CUBER WITH STORAGE BINbeautiful thing TMREVISED:DEC. 11, 2003FOREWORDHOSHIZAKI provides this manual primarily to assist qualified service technicians in the installation, maintenance and service of the icemaker.Should the reader have any questions or concerns which have not been satisfactorily ad-dressed, please call or write to the HOSHIZAKI Technical Support Department for assistance.HOSHIZAKI AMERICA, INC.618 Highway 74 SouthPeachtree City, GA 30269Attn: HOSHIZAKI T echnical Support DepartmentPhone: 1-800-233-1940 T echnical Service(770) 487-2331Fax:(770) 487-3360NOTE: To expedite assistance, all correspondence/communication MUST include the followinginformation:• Model Number• Serial Number•C omplete and detailed explanation of the problem•Please review this manual. It should be read carefully before the icemaker is installed and operated. Only qualified service technicians should install, service and maintain theicemaker. This manual should be made available to the technician prior to installation, maintenance or service.•Keep this manual with the icemaker for later reference.CONTENTSPAGEI. SPECIFICATIONS (4)1. NAMEPLATE RATING (4)[a] KM-150BAF (Air-cooled) (4)[b] KM-150BWF (Water-cooled) (5)2. DIMENSIONS/CONNECTIONS (6)[a] KM-150BAF (6)[b] KM-150BWF (7)II. INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS (8)1. CHECKS BEFORE INSTALLATION (8)2. LOCATION (9)3. ELECTRICAL CONNECTION (9)4. WATER SUPPLY AND DRAIN CONNECTIONS (10)5. FINAL CHECK LIST (12)6. START UP (13)7. PREPARING THE ICEMAKER FOR LONG STORAGE (14)III. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS (16)1. CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS (16)[a] CLEANING PROCEDURE (16)[b] SANITIZING PROCEDURE (18)2. MAINTENANCE (19)I. SPECIFICATIONS1. NAMEPLATE RATING[a] KM-150BAF (Air-cooled)See the Nameplate for electrical and refrigeration speci-fications. This Nameplate is located on the upper righthand side of the rear panel.Since this Nameplate is located on the rear panel of theicemaker, it cannot be read when the back of theicemaker is against a wall or against another piece ofkitchen equipment. Therefore, the necessary electricaland refrigeration information is also on the rating label,which can be easily seen by removing only the frontpanel of the icemaker.We reserve the right to make changes in specifications and design without prior notice.MODEL NUMBER SERIAL NUMBERAC SUPPLY VOLTAGEAMPERESDESIGN PRESSUREREFRIGERANT 404AMOTOR-COMPRESSOR THERMALLY PROTECTEDKM-150BAF115/60/18 AMPS HI-467 PSI LO-170PSI 8.8 oz.[b] KM-150BWF (Water-cooled)See the Nameplate for electrical and refrigeration speci-fications. This Nameplate is located on the upper righthand side of the rear panel.Since this Nameplate is located on the rear panel of theicemaker, it cannot be read when the back of theicemaker is against a wall or against another piece ofkitchen equipment. Therefore, the necessary electricaland refrigeration information is also on the rating label,which can be easily seen by removing only the frontpanel of the icemaker.We reserve the right to make changes in specifications and design without prior notice.MODEL NUMBER SERIAL NUMBERAC SUPPLY VOLTAGEAMPERESDESIGN PRESSUREREFRIGERANT 404A MOTOR-COMPRESSOR THERMALLY PROTECTEDKM-150BWF115/60/17.5 AMPS HI-427 PSI LO-210 PSI 8.1 oz.2. DIMENSIONS/CONNECTIONS[a] KM-150BAF Units:millimeters(inches)[b] KM-150BWFUnits:millimeters(inches)II. INSTALLATION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS1. CHECKS BEFORE INSTALLATION1) Remove the Top Panel and the Front Panel to prevent damage when installing thei cemaker.2) Remove the package containing the accessories.3) R emove the protective plastic film from the panels. If the icemaker is exposed to the sun o r to heat, remove the film after the icemaker cools.4) C heck that the refrigerant lines do not rub or touch lines or other surfaces, and that thef an blade turns freely.5) C heck that the Compressor is snug on all mounting pads.6) S ee the Nameplate on the Rear Panel, and check that your voltage supplied correspondsw ith the voltage specified on the Nameplate.2. LOCATIONFor best operating results:• Icemaker should not be located next to ovens, grills or other high heat producing equipment.• Level the icemaker from side-to-side and front-to-rear by adjusting the legs. Location should provide a firm and level foundation for the equipment.• Allow 6" (15 cm.) clearance at rear and top for ease of maintenance and/or service should they be required.3. ELECTRICAL CONNECTION• This icemaker must have a separate power supply or receptacle of proper capacity. See the Nameplate.• Usually an electrical permit and services of a licensed electrician are required.4. WATER SUPPLY AND DRAIN CONNECTIONS - See Fig. 1• Water supply inlet is 1/2" FPT.Note: On water-cooled model, two water supply inlets are provided. One is the ice making water inlet, and the other (1/2" FPT) is the cooling water inlet.• A water supply line shut-off valve and drain valve should be installed. A minimum of 3/8" OD copper tubing is recommended for the water supply lines.• Water supply pressure should be a minimum of 10 PSIG (0.7 bar) and a maximum of 113 PSIG (7.5 bar). If the pressure exceeds 113 PSIG (7.5 bar), the use of a pressure reducing valve is required.• Drain outlet for icemaker dump is 3/4" FPT. The bin drain is 3/4" FPT. The icemaker drain and the condenser drain piping connections must be made separately from the bin drain. Note: On water-cooled model, a 1/2" FPT is provided for the condenser drain outlet.• The drains must have 1/4" fall per foot (2 cm. per meter) on horizontal runs to get a good flow.• The drains should not be piped directly to the sewer system. An air gap of a minimum of 2 vertical inches ( 5 cm.) should be between the end of the drain pipe from the icemaker or the ice bin and the floor drain.• This icemaker should be installed in accordance with applicable national, state and local regulations.• A plumbing permit and services of a licensed plumber may be required in some areas.• In some areas, a back flow preventer may be required in the cooling water circuit.KM-150BAF and KM-150BWFKM-150BWFWater-cooled CondenserConnectionsFig. 15. FINAL CHECK LIST1) Is the icemaker level?2) Is the icemaker in a site where the ambient temperature is within +45°F (7°C) to +100°F(38°C) and the water temperature within +45°F (7°C) to +90°F (32°C) all year around?3) Is there at least 6" (15 cm.) clearance at the rear and top of the icemaker for maintenanceor service?4) Have all shipping cartons, tape(s) and packing been removed from the icemaker? Is thecube guide in its correct position?5) Are all components, fasteners and thumbscrews securely in place?6) Have all electrical and piping connections been made?7) Has the power supply voltage been checked or tested against the nameplate rating?And has a proper ground been installed in the icemaker?8) Are the Water Supply Line Shut-off Valve and Drain Valve installed? Has the watersupply pressure been checked to ensure a minimum of 10 PSIG (0.7 bar) and a maximum of 113 PSIG (7.5 bar)?Note: The icemaker may stop running when the water supply is OFF, or if the pressure is below 10 PSIG (0.7 bar). When the proper water pressure is reached, theicemaker automatically starts running again.9) Have the compressor hold-down bolts and refrigerant lines been checked againstvibration and possible failure?10) Has the Bin Control Switch been checked for correct operation? When the icemaker isrunning, hold an ice cube in contact with the Bulb. The icemaker should stop within6 to 10 seconds.11) Has the end user been given the instruction manual, and instructed on how to operatethe icemaker and the importance of the recommended periodic maintenance?12) Has the end user been given the name and telephone number of an authorized serviceagent?13) Has the warranty tag been filled out and forwarded to the factory for warrantyregistration?6. START UP1) Open the Water Supply Line Shut-off Valve.2) Remove the Front Panel.3) Move the Control Switch, on the Control Box, to the “ICE” position.4) Run the icemaker for about 10 minutes, and move the switch to the “OFF” position.5) Open the Door.6) Remove the Cube Guide and the Overflow Pipe to drain the Water Tank. See Fig. 2.7) Replace the Overflow Pipe and the Cube Guide in their correct positions.8) Clean the Storage Bin.9) Move the switch to the “ICE” position, and start the automatic icemaking process.10) Replace the Front Panel in its correct position.11) Shut the Door.Fig. 27. PREPARING THE ICEMAKER FOR LONG STORAGE• When the icemaker is not used for two or three days, it is sufficient to only move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position, unless the icemaker will be at sub-freezing temperatures.[1] On water-cooled model only, first remove the water from the water-cooled condenser:1) Remove the Front Panel.2) Move the Control Switch, on the Control Box, to the “OFF” position.3) Wait 3 minutes.4) Move the Control Switch to the “ICE” position.5) Allow 5 minutes for the icemaker to fill with water and the Water Pump to start operating.6) Close the Water-cooled Condenser Water Supply Line Shut-off Valve. See Fig. 1.7) Open the Drain Valve for the water-cooled condenser water supply line.8) Allow the line to drain by gravity.9) Attach compressed air or carbon dioxide supply to the Condenser Water Line DrainValve.10) Blow the water-cooled condenser out using compressed air or carbon dioxide untilwater stops coming out.[2] Remove the water from the potable water supply line:1) Remove the Front Panel. (Except water-cooled model)2) Move the Control Switch, on the Control Box, to the “OFF” position.3) Wait 3 minutes.4) Close the Potable Water Supply Line Shut-off Valve and open the Potable Water SupplyLine Drain Valve. See Fig. 1.5) Allow the line to drain by gravity.6) Attach compressed air or carbon dioxide supply to the Potable Water Line Drain Valve.7) Move the Control Switch to the “ICE” position.8) Blow the potable water line out using compressed air or carbon dioxide.[3] Drain the Potable Water Tank:1) Disconnect the power supply.2) Move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position.3) Open the Door.4) Remove the Cube Guide and the Overflow Pipe to drain the Water Tank.5) Place the Overflow Pipe and the Cube Guide in their correct positions.6) Remove all ice from the Storage Bin, and clean the Storage Bin.7) Shut the Door.8) Replace the Front Panel in its correct position.9) Close the Drain Valve.III. CLEANING AND MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONSIMPORTANTEnsure all components, fasteners and thumbscrews are securely in placeafter any maintenance or cleaning is done to the equipment.1. CLEANING INSTRUCTIONSWARNING1. Hoshizaki recommends cleaning this unit at least once a year. Morefrequent cleaning, however, may be required in some existing waterconditions.2. To prevent injury to individuals and damage to the icemaker, do not useammonia type cleaners.3. Always wear liquid-proof gloves for safe handling of the cleaning andsanitizing solutions. This will prevent irritation in case the solutions comeinto contact with skin.[a] CLEANING PROCEDURE1) Dilute approximately 5 fl. oz. (148 ml.) of recommended cleaner, Hoshizaki “Scale Away”or “Lime-A-Way” (Economics Laboratory, Inc.) with 1 gal. (3.8 l.) of water.2) Remove the Front Panel.3) Remove all ice from the Evaporator and the Storage Bin.Note:To remove cubes on the Evaporator, move the Control Switch,on the Control Box, to the “OFF” position and move it back to the“ICE” position after 3 minutes. The defrost cycle starts and thecubes will be removed from the Evaporator.4) Move the Control Switch to the“OFF” position. Open the Door.5) Remove the Cube Guide and theOverflow Pipe to drain the WaterTank. See Fig. 2. Place theOverflow Pipe in position.Fig. 26) Pour the cleaning solution into theWater Tank.7) Place the Cube Guide in position.8) Move the Control Switch to the “WASH” position. Shut the Door.9) After 30 minutes, move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position.10) Remove the Cube Guide and the Overflow Pipe to drain the Water Tank. Place theOverflow Pipe and Cube Guide in their correct positions.11) Move the Control Switch to the “ICE” position to fill the Water Tank with water.12) After 3 minutes, move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position.13) Move the Control Switch to the “WASH” position.14) After 5 minutes, move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position.15) Remove the Cube Guide and the Overflow Pipe to drain the Water Tank. Place theOverflow Pipe and Cube Guide in their correct positions.16) Repeat the above steps 11) through 15) three more times to rinse thoroughly.17) Remove one end of the Tank Drain Hose and remove the Thumbscrew at the front ofthe Water Tank. Remove the Water Tank by pulling it toward you slightly and lowering it. See Fig. 3.18) R emove the Water Tank Brackets and the Thermostat Bracket from the Bin byr emoving the Thumbscrews.19) Dilute approximately 5 fl. oz. (148 ml.) of recommended cleaner Hoshizaki “Scale Away”or “Lime-A-Way” (Economics Laboratory, Inc.) with 1 gal. (3.8 l.) of water.20) Wash the bin liner, the Thermostat Bracket, the Water Tank Brackets and the WaterTank by using a nylon scouring pad, brushes and the cleaning solution.22) Rinse them thoroughly with water.[b] SANITIZING PROCEDURE - Following Cleaning Procedure1) Dilute a 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite solution (chlorine bleach) with water. [Add 0.5 fl. oz.(15 ml.) of sanitizer to 1 gal. (3.8 l.) of water.]2) Wash the bin liner, the Thermostat Bracket, the Water Tank Brackets and the Water Tank using the above sanitizing solution.3) Rinse the above parts thoroughly with water.4) Place the Thermostat Bracket, the Water Tank Brackets, the Water Tank and the Tank Drain Hose in their correct positions.5) Remove the Cube Guide.6) Pour the sanitizing solution into the Water Tank.7) Place the Cube Guide in its correct position.8) Move the Control Switch to the “WASH” position.9) Shut the Door.10) After 15 minutes, move the Control Switch to the “OFF” position.11) Open the Door.12) Remove the Cube Guide and the Overflow Pipe to drain the Water Tank. Place theOverflow Pipe and the Cube Guide in position.13) Repeat the above steps 11) through 15) in “Cleaning Procedure” two times to rinsethoroughly.14) Flush the Storage Bin with water.15) Move the Control Switch to the “ICE” position, and start the automatic icemakingprocess.16) Place the Front Panel in position, and shut the Door.2. MAINTENANCEIMPORTANTThis icemaker must be maintained individually, referring to the instructionmanual and labels provided with the icemaker.1) Exterior PanelsTo keep the exterior clean, wipe occasionally with a clean and soft cloth. Use a damp cloth containing a neutral cleaner to wipe off oil or dirt build up.2) Storage Bin and Scoop• Wash your hands before removing ice. Use the plastic scoop provided (Accessory).• The Storage Bin is for ice use only. Do not store anything else in the bin.• Keep the scoop clean. Clean it by using a neutral cleaner and rinse thoroughly.• Clean the bin liner by using a neutral cleaner. Rinse thoroughly after cleaning.3) Air Filter (Air-cooled model only)The plastic mesh air filter located behind the Louver removes dirt or dust from the air, and keeps the Condenser from getting clogged. As the filter gets clogged, the icemaker’s performance will be reduced. Check the filter at least twice a month.When it is clogged, use warm water and a neutral cleaner to wash the filter.4) Condenser (Air-cooled model only)Check the Condenser once a year and clean if required by using a brush or vacuum cleaner. More frequent cleaning may be required depending on the location of the icemaker.HOSHIZAKI HOSHIZAKI AMERICA, INC. 618 HIGHWAY 74 SOUTHPEACHTREE CITY, GA 30269U.S.A.PHONE: 770-487-2331。

InstructionsProximity SwitchSingle control PNP proximity switch used to detect lubrication cycles. (For use as an NPN Proximity Switch, see related manuals.)Not approved for use in European explosive atmosphere locations.Part Nos.:17L879 -M11 x 1 Proximity Switch fits CSP Divider Valve5075 psi (35 MPa, 350 bar) Maximum Working Pressure 17L880 - 3/4-16 Proximity Switch fits MXP Divider Valve8000 psi (55.16 MPa, 551.6 bar) Maximum Working Pressure17L983 - 7/16-20 Proximity Switch fits MSP Divider Valve7500 psi (51.71 MPa, 517.1 bar) Maximum Working Pressure17L881 - 1-3/8-16 Proximity Switch fits MGO Divider Valve6000 psi (41.4 MPa, 413.7 bar) Maximum Working Pres-sure17M380 - 1/8 NPS Proximity Switch fits MD/MJ Divider Valve3000 psi (20.68 MPa, 206.8 bar) Maximum Working PressureRelated ManualsImportant Safety InstructionsRead all warnings and instructions in this manual and the instructions included with your operating system or pump. Save these instructions.Manual No.Manual Title3A4481Proximity Switch Cable3A4144FENInstallation23A4144FInstallation1.Disconnect power.2.Relieve pressure. See Pressure Relief Procedurein the pump instruction manual included with your operating system.3.Remove plug or proximity switch from the dividerblock piston port you will be using to install the prox-imity switch.4.Screw the proximity switch into the port. Torque totighten. See Torque Table for the correct Torque value for your switch.Torque Table5.If an adapter cable is used, attach the proper con-nector to the existing cable. Continue instructions with Step 8.6.If using the M12 wireable cable (sold separately),connect the signal wire to lube system controller.7.Attach the power wires to the power source.8.Screw the M12 connector into the proximity switch.9.If optional LED cables are used: verify the yellowstatus indicator LED illuminates when the switch is activated and there is power supplied to the switch.Wiring and DimensionsPart No.Fits Divider Valve Thread Size Torque Value ft-lbs N•m 17L879CSP M11 x 17-109.5 - 13.517L880MXP 3/4 - 1646 - 5062.4 - 67.817L983MSP 7/16-206 - 88.1 - 10.917L881MGO 1-3/8 - 1670 - 7595 - 10217M380MD/MJ1/8 NPS5 - 76.8 - 9.5NOTICE•Electrical ratings must not be exceeded. Overload on a switch can cause switch to fail on the first cycle.•Never exceed pressure limits. Unit can be operated up to maximum pressure.F IG . 12.4 in. (60.0 mm)Wiring Diagram,Dimensionsfrom switch endTechnical DataTechnical DataUS MetricElectrical Design DC PNPOutput Normally openOperating Voltage9.6 - 32 DCShort-Circuit Protection PulsedMaximum Operating PressureModel 17L8795,075 psi35 MPa (350 bar)Model 17L8808,000 psi55.16 MPa (551.6 bar)Model 17L9837,500 psi51.76 MPa (517.6 bar)Model 17L8816,000 psi41.4 MPa, (413.7 bar)Model 17M3803,000 psi20.68 MPa (206.8 bar) Current Rating500 mAVoltage Drop<2.0 VCurrent Consumption<25 mAMaximum Switching Frequency100 HzProtection IP65, IP68, IP69Insulation Resistance>100 (500 V DC)Shock Resistance DIN IEC 68-2-27: 50 g (11 ms)Vibration Resistance DIN IEC 68-2-6: 20 g (10...2000 Hz)Switching Cycles 50 millionConnection M12EMCEN61000-4-2 ESD 4 kV CD/8 kV ADEN61000-4-3 HF radiated10 V/mEN61000-4-4 Burst 2 kVEN61000-4-6 HF conducted10 VSensing range 1.8 mm (f)Wetted Parts stainless steel, 316L/1.4404, 304 stainless steelHousing Materials PBT (Pocan); PC (Makrolon); FPM, stainless steel316L/1.4404WeightModel 17L880 2.27 oz 0.89 kgModel 17L9830.8 oz0.47 kgModel 17M3800.8 oz0.47 kgAmbient Temperature Range-13° to 176°F-25° to 80°CMedium Temperature Range-13° to 176°F-25° to 80°CStorage Temperature-40° to 212°F-40° to 100°C3A4144F3All written and visual data contained in this document reflects the latest product information available at the time of publication.Graco reserves the right to make changes at any time without notice.Original instructions. This manual contains English. MM 3A4144Graco Headquarters: MinneapolisInternational Offices: Belgium, China, Japan, KoreaGRACO INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES • P.O. BOX 1441 • MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440-1441 • USA Copyright 2016, Graco Inc. All Graco manufacturing locations are registered to ISO 9001. Revision E , May 2018Graco InformationTO PLACE AN ORDER, contact your Graco distributor or call to identify the nearest distributor.Phone: 612-623-6928 or Toll Free: 1-800-533-9655, Fax: 612-378-3590。

杰弗逊美国独立宣言的笔者杰弗逊美国独立宣言是美国历史上一份具有重要意义的文献，而它的笔者正是托马斯·杰弗逊。

本文将围绕杰弗逊的背景、宣言的内容以及其对美国独立和后续事件的影响展开论述。

一、杰弗逊的背景托马斯·杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）是美国历史上一位杰出的政治家、法学家和作家，他不仅直接参与起草了美国独立宣言，而且担任过美国第三任总统。

他生于1743年，死于1826年，是美国历史上最重要的政治思想家之一。

杰弗逊在早期就受到启蒙思想的影响，他崇尚自由、平等和人权。

他拥有广泛的知识，是一位多产的作家，对于政治和法律等方面有深入的研究。

这样的背景使得他能够成为美国独立宣言的主要撰写者之一。

二、宣言的内容杰弗逊以德国启蒙思想家洛克的政治哲学为基础，将其观点融入到宣言中。

宣言以“我们这样宣布这些真理是毫无疑问的”起头，强调了人人生而平等，并赋予了人们特定的权利和自由。

此外，宣言还谴责了英国政府的暴政，并要求美国人民推翻英国的统治。

宣言接着列举了一系列英国政府违反人民权利的行为，并指出，人民有权利革命并建立一个更加公正和平等的政府。

宣言的最后，杰弗逊明确指出，美国独立是一项正当的行动，并宣布美国与英国彻底分离，成为独立的主权国家。

三、宣言的影响杰弗逊美国独立宣言的影响深远，不仅对当时的美国独立战争产生了重大影响，而且对后来的世界历史产生了深远的影响。

首先，宣言将自由、平等和人权的思想写入正式文件，成为美国价值观的基石。

它提供了一个理论基础，为美国独立战争提供了动力和合法性。

其次，宣言的内容激发了美国人民的爱国热情，团结了起来，为脱离英国的统治进行了长期的斗争。

宣言的宣布将美国确立为一个独立国家，同时也为其他殖民地的独立运动提供了激励和指导。

此外，宣言中关于自由和人权的论述，对于后来世界范围的人权运动产生了重大的影响。

宣言强调人们的自由和平等权利，成为世界其他国家争取自由独立和民主的范例。

托马斯杰弗逊托马斯·杰弗逊（Thomas Jefferson）是美国历史上的一位杰出政治家、学者和发明家，也是美国第三任总统。

他在美国独立运动中扮演了重要角色，对于美国的政治、法律和教育制度的发展做出了深远的影响。

本文将从托马斯·杰弗逊的早年生活到他在总统职位上的贡献等方面介绍他的生平事迹。

托马斯·杰弗逊于1743年4月13日在美国弗吉尼亚殖民地的一个种植园主家庭中出生。

他在家庭中接受了良好的教育，并于1760年进入威廉与玛丽学院学习。

在学院期间，他广泛涉猎了文学、科学、哲学等领域的知识，并养成了批判性思维和领导才能。

毕业后，杰弗逊开始了他的法律职业之路，并迅速在弗吉尼亚的法律界崭露头角。

他热衷于学习法律，深谙英国法律体系，但同时也积极关注当时美国殖民地面临的政治问题。

他在1769年进入弗吉尼亚的殖民立法机关参与政治活动，对于殖民地拥有更多权力和自主决策的主张表达了坚定的支持。

1775年，杰弗逊参与了起草《独立宣言》的工作。

他与本杰明·富兰克林等人合作，共同起草了这一具有历史意义的文件，宣布了美国殖民地与英国帝国的分离，并阐述了个人与政府之间的权利和义务关系。

《独立宣言》成为了美国独立运动的重要里程碑，对于后来的美国宪法和法律体系的建立产生了重要影响。

在独立战争期间，杰弗逊担任了弗吉尼亚州的州长，并积极参与战争努力。

他在1779年辞去州长职务，回到地产，并开始撰写《弗吉尼亚宗教自由法案（Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom）》，提出了宗教信仰自由的观念，并在1786年成功推动该法案获得通过。

这一法案为美国宪法第一修正案中保护宗教自由的条款打下了基础。

1789年，杰弗逊被乔治·华盛顿总统任命为国务卿。

在这一职位上，他主张以中立和非干预的立场处理国际事务，并与法国进行了关键的外交谈判。

他的外交努力为美国和法国之间的友好关系奠定了基础，同时也为美国的独立地位和国际声望做出了重要贡献。

杰弗逊自由的捍卫者自由是人类的基本权利之一，而在美国历史上，托马斯·杰弗逊被公认为自由的坚定捍卫者。

作为美国第三任总统，杰弗逊在他的政治生涯中一直致力于维护人民的自由与权利。

本文将重点探讨杰弗逊在保护自由方面的贡献以及他在推动自由意识的传播方面的作用。

杰弗逊是一位杰出的政治家和哲学家，他的思想影响深远，对美国独立运动和建国后的政治体系产生了重要影响。

首先，杰弗逊认为自由的基础是个人权利和平等。

他在《独立宣言》中写道：“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的，人类生来就是平等的，造物主赋予了他们某些不可剥夺的权利。

”这一观点成为了美国价值体系的基石之一，也为后来的自由运动提供了理论支持。

其次，杰弗逊主张政府的权力应该受到严格限制，以保护人民的自由。

他认为政府的目的是为了保护人民的权利和福祉，并应该受到人民的监督和制约。

为了实现这一目标，他在担任总统期间采取了一系列的措施，包括缩减军队规模、取消涉及言论和出版自由的压制法令等。

他还主张通过分权制衡的机制，防止单一权力机构滥用权力，进一步保障人民的自由。

除了在政治和法律领域，杰弗逊还积极推动自由的意识传播。

他是一位博学多才的人，拥有广泛的知识和浓厚的兴趣。

他收集了大量的书籍和文物，建立了美国国会图书馆的前身。

他还支持并推动了教育的普及，认为只有受过良好教育的公民才能成为理性和负责任的自由公民。

他将教育视为培养公民素质和保护自由的重要手段。

杰弗逊还积极倡导自由贸易和开放市场。

他反对政府干预经济，主张自由市场经济的发展。

他认为市场的自由竞争能够激发经济的活力，促进社会进步。

他的这一观点对后来的美国经济政策产生了深远的影响，奠定了美国作为自由市场经济国家的基础。

总之，杰弗逊是一位自由的捍卫者，他以其杰出的才华和坚定的信仰为美国政治和社会带来了深远的影响。

他的思想奠定了美国自由意识的基础，他的行动推动了自由的实现和发展。

他的贡献不仅仅是在美国历史上，也在全球范围内被人们所称赞和尊崇。