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Chapter 3 Establishment of Business Relations 1 ask to establish business relationshipGentlemen,We have heard from China Council for the Promotion of International Trade中國國際貿易促進委員會that you are in the market for silk garments.As we are one of the leading exporters in this line of business, we would like to establish business relations with you on the basis of equality, mutual benefit and the exchange of needed goods.Our silk garments are made of super pure silk materials and in the traditional skills. They(Our products) are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed a great fame in markets at home and abroad. We enclose a catalogue for your reference and trust some of the items listed will be of interest to you.We would be very much interested in receiving your inquiries, against which we shall give you our best quotations.We look forward to your reply.Yours faithfully,或者背诵textbook P1482 ReplyDear Sirs,Your letter of November 21 addressed to our sister corporation in Shanghai has been transferred to us for attention. As the items fall within the scope of our business activities, we shall be pleased to enter into direct business relations with you. We have learned that you are one of the leading importers and wholesalers of Electric and Electronic Machinery and Equipment in Thailand.We are exporters of the same lines of business, having a business background of some 40 years, and are now particularly interested in exporting to your country Electronic Products of all types. All kinds of our products are good sellers and worth commendation for their excellent quality.If you are interested in marketing these products at your end, please let us know and we shall be pleased to send you our quotations and sample books upon receipt of your specific enquiries.We look forward to your early reply.Yours faithfullyChapter 4 Enquiries and Reply主要背诵黑体字1 EnquiriesDear Sirs,Messrs. Brown &Clark of this city inform us that you are exporters of all cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases. We are large dealers in textiles （结构一）and believe there isa promising market in our area for moderately priced goods of the kind mentioned. （结构二）We would like you to send us details of your various ranges, including sizes, colors and prices, and also samples of the different qualities of material used. （结构三）When replying, please state your terms of payment and discount you would allow on purchase of quantities of not less than 100 dozen of individual items. （结构三）Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.I look forward to hearing from you. （结构四）yours faithfully,2 ReplyDear Sirs,We were very pleased to receive your letter of 15 March, in which you enquired about our cotton bed-sheets and pillowcases. （结构一）As requested, we are enclosing our catalogue and the price-list giving the details you asked for. Also under separate cover we are sending you a full range of samples.We are sure you will find that we use only the best quality materials for our products. And the high standard of workmanship will appeal to the most selective buyers.(advertisements)It’s understood that prices we quoted are on CIF Liverpool without engagement, subject to our final confirmation. We allow 2% discount on purchase of not less than 100 dozen of individual items. Payment is to be made by irrevocable L/C at sight. （结构二）Please feel free to contact us if you have any further questions.We look forward to receiving your early reply. （结构三）yours faithfully,Chapter 5 Offer and Counter-offer1 Counter OfferDear SirsRe: Your offer of 100% Cashmere SweatersThank you for your letter of April 7, in which you offered us 100% Cashmere Sweaters.Regrettably, we are unable to accept your offer as your prices are too high. We operate on small margins. It means heavy loss to us to accept your prices. We also have similar offers from Korean make. They are 25% lower than yours.We like the quality and design of your products. We accept that the quality of your products is better, but it does not justify such a large difference in price. We might do business with you if you could make us some allowance, say 20%, on your prices. Otherwise we have to decline your offer.We hope you will consider our counter offer most favorably and let us have your reply soon.Yours faithfullyA & D SupermarketChapter 6 Order and Acceptance1 orderDear Mr. Gilson,Sub: Order for 2,000 Pairs of Sheep Leather GlovesPlease dispatch to us 2,000 pairs of sheep leather gloves as per the terms stated in your offer of May 5.Would you please take special care of the quality and the package of this order? The leather should be of the same quality as that used in the sample. We hope that you can pack each pair in an airtight polythene聚乙烯bag, a dozen pairs of gloves in a box and then 20 boxes to a strong seaworthy wooden case. We will order more if the first order with you prove to be satisfactory.We are enclosing our Purchase Confirmation No.2009-308 in duplicate for your signature. Please sign and return one copy for our file. Upon receipt of your confirmation, an L/C will be issued.Sincerely yours,替换句型．Opening Paragraph (optional)1 We are pleased to enclose our official Order Sheet No.30 for your ….2 We have tested your sample and found it very satisfactory. Please supply 500 dozen as per our enclosed Order Form No. 960.3 We have studied your catalogue and samples/We should like to take advantage of your offer and are prepared to place an initial order as follows/are now able to confirm our order for your travel goods.4 During the past years we have made occasional purchases from your company, but we should now like to place regular orders.5 Your letter of 16 April convinced me to place at least a trial order forthe …(commodity) you spoke about. Therefore, we enclose order No.32.Confirm the terms of payment, delivery and other Trade terms (recite from 1 to 7)1 This order is so urgently required that we must ask you to make the earliest possible shipment.2 It is necessary that the design of our order be exactly the same as that of the sample we sent you.3 Three copies of the invoice, a copy each of the packing list and other necessary documents should be sent to us by mail.4 Upon receipt of your reply we will open L/C5 We would like you to immediately send us your acknowledgement of this order.6 We may reject the goods if there are any marks or blemishes on the surface.7 This order is subject to dispatch being made within 60 days of today’s date.8 We would like to confirm that payment is to be made by irrevocable letter of credit, for which we have already applied to the bank.Closing (optional)1 Your early attention to this order will be appreciated.2 We hope you will accept our terms and arrange an early delivery.3 If the goods sell as well as we hope, we shall send further orders in the near future.4 I look forward to receiving your advice/shipment/acknowledgment/confirmation 2 Letter of acceptanceOpeningWe acknowledge with thanks your order of May 2 for 50 units of ….We appreiciate your order No. 50 of February 3(date). We are pleased to accept your terms. Enclosed is a copy of our sales confirmation.Acceptance of the order termsWe will do all we can to fill your order so that the goods will be shipped before October 15.The goods will be packed is strict accordance with your instructions.We will proceed with the execution of your order as soon as we receive an irrevocable L/C in our favor.ClosingIt is our hope that this order will be the first step to a long and pleasant business relationship between us.Chapter 7 Complaint Letter1 Complaint LetterOpeningYour shipment of our order No. 15 for 500 units of …(commodity) arrived today.On opening the container we found that the goods were short by 2 units.We regret to say that three cases of your shipment arrived in a damagedcondition.Reason of claimTo prove the shortage, we are enclosing a certificate of Lloyd’s surveyor(Inspection Certificate).We have lost considerable business on account of your delay in shipment.Propose the possible solutionAs the goods are inferior in quality, we are returning the whole of the 15 cases and must ask you to replace them.Please examine the matter and send us the goods to meet the shortage as soon as possible.EndingWe are looking forward to having your early reply to this matter.Please tell us how to dispose of the wrong delivery.We feel there must be some explanation and we eagerly look forward to your reply.2 Adjusting a claimOpening 确认收到索赔函We regret to hear that the goods you received are not of the quality expected.Thank you for your letter of May 10 calling our attention to the apparentshortage of 2 units of …(commodity).Body1卖方有错时,先承认自己的过错We admit that your order has not received our usual careful attention.We regret to find that the wrong goods have been shipped through a mistake on the part of our shipping department.具体表明解决的办法We are prepared to give you a 20% allowance to compensate you for the defects in the goods shipped.We have today sent a replacement for the inferior article you pointed out and hope you will be satisfied with it.2卖方没有错时,直接不假思索的拒绝是不合适的showing your understanding, be firm but polite; even if you deny theresponsibility, you should always try to give an explanationWe shipped your order before the shipping date specified in your L/C and so the delay was not caused by us.The difference in quality is no more than is usual and indeed unavoidable in this line of goods.举出例证，告知若无法平息将诉诸法律途径之意We find no discrepancy between the shipping sample and the duplicate sample in our hands.We would suggest that this claim should be settled in accordance with thearbitration rules of the International Chamber of Commerce (other practices).Ending卖方有错时-保证不犯同样的错误We apologize for the inconvenience you have sustained and assure you that we shall be careful never to make such a mistake again.卖方无错时-要求对方了解情况Chapter 8 Transportation1 Urging for prompt shipmentaDear SirsOur Order No 116 for 200 Bales of Grade 1 WoolWe wish to draw your attention to the fact that up to the moment no news has come from you about the shipment of the above order.When we place the order, we made it clear that we were in urgent need of the goods. It will inconvenience us greatly if we cannot get the goods at thecontracted time in March.Please let us know, as soon as you can, when you can effect shipment of the above order.Yours faithfullyb 替换句型1 Referring to our letter of Oct. 25, we have not heard from you or got anyinformation concerning the shipment of the order.2 Emphasis has to be laid that the shipment must be made within the stipulatedtime-limit, as further extension will not be considered.3You must ship the goods on board the s.s. ‘Dongfeng’ (carrier) within the time limit as stipulated in our contract, other wise dead freight, if any, should beborne by you.4 We request you to ship the order on board the s.s. ‘peace’ (carrier) whichleaves Kobe name of port) on Sept. 15. Please cooperate with us in this urgent need delivery, otherwise, we will be compelled to cancel this order.5 We have been put to considerable inconvenience by the long delay in delivery.We request immediate delivery otherwise we will be compelled to cancel the order in accordance with the stipulations of the contract.6 According to the terms of the contract the shipment is to be effected by theJuly 20 and we must have the B/L not later than the July 25.Chapter 9 Payment1 Asking for payment by L/CDear Sirs,We are in receipt of your letter dated January 8 and wishto place an order for 10,000 power saving copiers withYou for March shipment.We have been dealing with you on sight L/C for years andalways settled our account promptly. This is a big orderinvolving about USD 2,000,000 and tying up funds forThree months would cause problem for us. So for thisorder, we would like to pay by 30-day L/C.We look forward to your favorable reply to the newpayment terms and your sales confirmation.Please send us your sales confirmation earlier so as toenable us to open the L/C immediately.Structure and Substitutable sentencesReference to the order,contract, goods, etc: (para 1)We thank you for your letter of August 8 offering us 3,000 dozen Bed Covers.We are in receipt of your letter dated January 8 and wish to …Reference is made to your contract No. 988 covering skirts in the amount of RMB 6000 and contract No. 998 for silk blouse in the amount of RMB 9000.Case 1- Reference to your required terms of payment: (para 1/para 2)It is our customary practice to pay by a confirmed, irrevocable L/C in our favor available by draft at sight, reaching us one month ahead of shipment, remaining valid for negotiation in China for a further ** days after the prescribed time of shipment.For payment, we require…We would like to pay…As… we shall consider accepting payment by…We would suggest that for this particular order you let us have a D/DCase 2- Refer that the previous methods of payment is not satisfying/(para1/para 2)We regret very much being unable to accept your term of payment.Payment by L/C is rather inconvenient to a customer like us who often places medium-sized orders.While we are appreciative of your cooperation, we regret our inability to accpet your request for …Give the reasons and suggest the terms of payment: (para 3)After long years of satisfactory trading,we feel that we are entitled to easier terms.Most of our suppliers are in fact supplying us on a T/T or D/P basis.In the coming year we shall probably be able to place regular orders with you and our present mode of payment by L/C would not conduce to encouraging business. As we have only moderate means at hand, opening a L/C will undoubtedly tie up our funds and add to our costs.As both contracts are less than RMB 10,000 in value, we would appreciate it very much if you could ship the goods to us on T/T basis.Considering the small amount involved in this section, we shall be grateful if you will allow us to pay 30% of the total value for this order by T/T and the balance byD/P.we should be obliged if you will agree to extend us more easier payment terms, say, …closing: (para 4)As you know, it is only in view of our long friendly business relations that we extend you this accomodation.We hope you will accommodate us in this respect and Look forward to your favorable reply soon.Please take the above into careful consideration and fax us your confirmation early. Yours sincerely,2 Extending Validity of the L/CDear Sirs:RE: EXTENDING VALIDITY OF THE L/CWe regret to say that we have not received your L/C related to above mentioned sales Confirmation until today. It is stipulated clearly in the Sales Confirmation that the relevant L/C must reach us not later than the end of Aug. Although the reaching time of the L/C is overdue, we would like still to ship your goods in view oflong-standing friendly relationship between us. However, we can not make shipment of your goods within the time stipulated in the Sales Confirmation owing to the delay of the L/C, Therefore, the L /C needs to be extended as follows:(1) Time of shipment will be extended to the end of October.(2) Validity of the L/C will be extended to November 15.Your kind attention is inverted to the fact that we must receive your L/C amendment before Sept 30, otherwise we will not be able to effect the shipment in time.We are looking forward to receiving your L/C amendment.以下内容熟记1.支付条件（Terms of payment）（1）Our usual way of payment is by confirmed and irrevocable letter of credit available by draft at sight for the full amount of the contracted goods to be established in our favour through a bank acceptable to the sellers.我们的一般付款方式是保兑的、不可撤销的、以我公司为受益人的、足额信用证，见票即付。
外贸函电课后答案第二章1)你方3月3日的来函收到。
我们很高兴地告诉你，你所要的商品属于我们的经营范围。
We have received you letter of March 3. We are glad to inform you that the articles required by you fall within the scope of our business activities.(goods, item, article)2)遵照你方要求，我们寄上商品目录一份。
希望它能及时到达并使您们满意。
As requested, we are sending you a catalogue. We hope it will arrive in time and prove to your satisfaction.3)感谢贵方愿与我们建立业务联系。
We appreciate your desire to establish business relations with us.3.(1) We are one of the leading importers dealing in electric products in the area,and take this opportunity to approach you in the hope of establishing business relations.(2) We have been engaging in handling import and export of machinery and equipment for many years, and our products have enjoyed great popularity in many countries.(3) We owe your name and address to the Commercial Counsellor’s office of our Embassy in Beijing.4) We are given to understand that you are a manufacturer of daily chemicals. One of our customers intends to buy cosmetics from your country. We will appreciate it highly if you airmail the catalogue and price list of the goods available at present (5) For our credit standing, please refer to the Bank of China, Shanghai Branch.第三章(1) Please quote us your best price CIF Shanghai, inclusive of our 3% commission.(2) Should your price be found competitive, we intend to place with you an order for 300,000 yards of Cotton Cloth.3) One of our customers is now interested in the Qingdao Haier Refrigerator made in your country. Please offer CIF London for 400 sets to be delivered in April.(4) To enable you to have a better understanding of our products, we are sending you by air 5 copies of our catalogues and 2 sample books.(5) In reply to your enquiry dated April 28, we are now sending you our latest price list for your reference.3. C-E Translation for a general enquiry敬启者：从兴华纺织品进出口有限公司处得知，贵公司出口各类中国式服装。
关于改革开放的英语作文China's Reform and Opening-up policy, initiated in 1978, has been a pivotal moment in the country's history, marking a significant shift towards economic liberalization and integration with the global economy. This essay will explore the key aspects of this transformative policy, its impact on China's development, and its implications for the world.Economic TransformationThe policy began with the introduction of market-oriented reforms, which gradually replaced the planned economy system. These reforms allowed for private enterprise to flourish and foreign investment to pour into the country. The establishment of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in cities like Shenzhen served as testing grounds for these new economic principles, leading to rapid industrialization and urbanization.Social ProgressAlongside economic changes, the reform also led tosignificant social progress. The lifting of restrictions on personal freedoms and the encouragement of entrepreneurship created a more dynamic and innovative society. The policy also emphasized the importance of education, leading to a more skilled and educated workforce that has been crucial for China's economic growth.Technological AdvancementChina's embrace of the global market has facilitated the rapid adoption of new technologies. The country has become a hub for technological innovation, with advancements in areas such as telecommunications, renewable energy, and artificial intelligence. This has not only boosted the domestic economy but also positioned China as a global leader in technology.Global IntegrationThe Reform and Opening-up policy has made China an integral part of the global economy. China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001 further cemented its role in international trade. Today, China is one of the world's largest exporters and importers, with a significant influence on global trade dynamics.Challenges and OpportunitiesWhile the policy has brought about remarkable progress, it has also presented challenges. Issues such as income inequality, environmental degradation, and the need for sustainable development have emerged. However, these challenges also present opportunities for further reform and innovation, ensuring that China continues to evolve and adapt to the changing global landscape.ConclusionThe Reform and Opening-up policy has been instrumental in shaping modern China. It has not only transformed thecountry's economic landscape but has also had profound social and technological implications. As China continues to open up and integrate with the world, the policy's legacy will undoubtedly continue to shape the nation's trajectory towardsa more prosperous and sustainable future.This essay provides a brief overview of the Reform and Opening-up policy's impact on China's development. It highlights the economic, social, and technological advancements that have occurred as a result of the policy, while also acknowledging the challenges that have arisen and the opportunities they present for future growth.。
中国经济发展英文作文English:China's economic development over the past few decades has been nothing short of remarkable. With a strong focus on industrialization, trade liberalization, and technology advancement, China has transformed itself from a primarily agricultural economy to one of the world's leading economic powerhouses. The country's GDP has been consistently growing at a rapid pace, lifting millions of people out of poverty and improving the overall standard of living. This economic growth has also led to China becoming a major player in global trade, with the country now being one of the largest exporters and importers in the world. Additionally, China has made significant investments in infrastructure development, which has further fueled economic growth and connectivity within the country. Overall, China's economic development has not only benefited its own citizens but has also had a significant impact on the global economy.中文翻译:中国在过去几十年的经济发展进步非凡。
物流英语习题答案1. What is the term used for the process of managing the flow and storage of goods and information from the point of origin to the point of consumption to meet the requirements of customers?Answer: The term is "Supply Chain Management."2. What does the acronym '3PL' stand for in logistics? Answer: Third-Party Logistics.3. Which mode of transportation is considered the fastest for goods?Answer: Air freight is often considered the fastest mode of transportation.4. What is the term used to describe the process of moving goods from one place to another?Answer: The term is "Transportation."5. What is the role of a freight forwarder in logistics? Answer: A freight forwarder is responsible for arranging the transportation of goods, often on behalf of exporters and importers, and may also handle documentation and customs clearance.6. What is the meaning of 'warehousing' in the context of logistics?Answer: Warehousing refers to the practice of storing goodsfor a period of time before they are transported to theirfinal destination.7. What is the term used for the process of managing the movement and storage of materials within a warehouse?Answer: The term is "Inventory Management."8. What is the abbreviation for 'Electronic Data Interchange'? Answer: The abbreviation is 'EDI.'9. What is the role of a container terminal in the logistics chain?Answer: A container terminal is a facility where containersare transferred between different modes of transport, such as from ship to truck or rail.10. What does 'CFS' stand for in logistics?Answer: CFS stands for 'Container Freight Station,' which isa place where cargo is consolidated into shipping containers.11. What is the term used for the process of managing theflow of goods and services from the point of origin to the point of consumption in the most cost-effective manner? Answer: The term is "Logistics."12. What is the meaning of 'LCL' in shipping?Answer: LCL stands for 'Less than Container Load,' whichrefers to the shipment of goods that do not fill a shipping container.13. What is the term used to describe the process of managingthe flow of goods and services from the point of consumption to the point of origin in a reverse direction?Answer: The term is "Reverse Logistics."14. What does the acronym 'FCA' stand for in international trade?Answer: FCA stands for 'Free Carrier,' which is a term used in Incoterms to define the seller's responsibility for delivering goods to a carrier.15. What is the role of a customs broker in international trade?Answer: A customs broker is a professional who assists with the process of clearing goods through customs by preparing and submitting the necessary documentation and ensuring compliance with customs regulations.这些习题答案旨在帮助学习者掌握物流英语的关键术语和概念。
外贸补偿金的英文外贸术语Compensation in international trade is a critical aspectof managing risks and ensuring fair trade practices. Itrefers to the payment made to compensate for damages, losses, or deficiencies in the quality or quantity of goods delivered.The term "compensation" is often used interchangeablywith "indemnity," which is a form of financial protection provided by an insurance policy. In trade agreements, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the compensation clauses to safeguard both parties' interests.When a dispute arises, the party at fault may be required to offer compensation to the aggrieved party to rectify the issue. This could involve monetary compensation, replacementof goods, or other forms of restitution agreed upon by both parties.In the context of international trade, "compensation" can also refer to adjustments made to the contract price to account for changes in market conditions or other unforeseen circumstances that affect the value of the goods being traded.Understanding the nuances of trade compensation is vital for exporters and importers alike. It helps in negotiating contracts that protect against potential losses and ensures that any issues can be resolved amicably and efficiently.Moreover, the use of trade compensation clauses canfoster a sense of trust and reliability between trading partners, as it demonstrates a commitment to fair play and mutual respect in business dealings.In conclusion, the concept of trade compensation is integral to the smooth functioning of international trade. It serves as a safety net for unforeseen issues and a tool for maintaining healthy business relationships across borders.。
国际航运专业英语文章翻译1国际航运业务英语与函电课后翻译答案Unit 3p23：1. 兹通知贵方：“London”轮已于昨日安全抵达本港。
正好可以在假期开始前完成卸货。
2.兹通知贵方：由“Yong Ming”轮托运给您地20箱货物已到港，请于即日起三日内前来提货。
3.兹通知贵方：由于我轮自新加坡起航后遇到强大的东北季风，致使抵达本港时间比预定时间晚35小时。
4.兹通知贵方：我船要求进行几项修理，恳请予以安排为盼。
5.请派一位称职的验船师来我船检查首尖舱舱壁。
6.兹向您报告：我船无线电发射台发生故障需要修理。
7. 请于7月10日上午安排一艘较大的汽艇来接我船船员上岸。
8. 贵方如能尽快安排一名电器工程师来我船修理冷却系统，我们将不胜感激。
9. 请从速将上述零件的备用件寄给我们，不胜感激。
10. 油驳船的费用请记入船主帐上。
11. 所有费用请记入货物托运人帐上。
12. 请将费用请记入船主帐上。
13. 兹照船方要求，我们将为贵方在装货作业开始前提供必要的垫舱物料。
14. 瑾以船舶代理人的身份通知您：依贵方要求，该船将于4月12日10：15时由原泊位移至No.21 浮筒处锚泊。
Unit 4P301.请为下列托运货物报全包价。
2.请告知大宗托运货物的最新运费率。
3.我方想了解航期、航行时间以及是否需预订货舱，如需预定货舱请提供所需的托运申请单。
4.请告知装船日期。
5.请告知最新运费，谢谢。
6.贵方于来信中询问运费，今荣幸地向贵方报价如下：7.贵方8月10来信获悉，今就运费报价如下：8.贵方6月26日来信获悉，我方将另函邮寄本公司最新运费单。
9.由于该货物将在安特为普转运，请提供联运提单。
10.所有费用与我方结帐，请在提单上注明“预付运费”11.复7月4日函，我方就运费报价，请注意，此报价乃随行就市价。
12.我方非常希望能为贵方办理货物托运事宜。
13. 我们不得不遗憾地告知贵方：完全是由于货舱不够的原因，我方无法收容贵方托运的货物。
INCOTERMS 2010 2010年国际贸易术语解释通则INCOTERMS AND THE EXPORTER 国际贸易术语和出口商International Commercial Terms, known as “Incoterms”, are internationally accepted terms defining the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various stages of the transaction. Incoterms do not cover ownership or the transfer of title of goods. It is crucial to agree on an Incoterm at the start ofa negotiation/quotation of a sale, as it will affect the costs and responsibilities involved inshipping, insurance and tariffs. The new Incoterms 2010 rules were revised by theInternational Chamber of Commerce and will become effective January 1, 2011. Four terms were eliminated (DAF, DEQ, DES, DDU) and two were added: Delivered at Place (DAP) and Delivered at Terminal (DAT).国际贸易术语作为“国际贸易术语解释通则”，已经被国际公认。
