英文技术资料翻译(模版)

科技英语翻译文稿[五篇范例]第一篇：科技英语翻译文稿Wireless Network Accurately and Inexpensively MonitorsPatients' Breathing无线网络事实上是廉价地监控着病人的呼吸状况。

A couple years ago we saw wireless technology that would allow us to see through walls.Now,几年以前我们就可以看到无线网络可以让我们看到“墙外的东西”。

现在，来自犹他州州立thesame team of researchers, from the University of Utah, is putting that motion detection大学的同一个技术团队正在把移动式检测技术technology to work monitoring breathing patterns.So not only can the network see through your 运用到检测病人的呼吸状况上因此通过网络不仅可以远程观察病人的现状，它甚至可以听到bedroom wall, it can hear you breathing.Less sinisterly, the system could help doctors keep你的呼吸。

这个系统可以帮助医生更好的监控患者睡眠时的呼吸暂停事件，急救病人或婴儿 better track of patients with sleepapnea, surgery patients or babies at risk for sudden infant 的发生突然猝死危险性就变得更低了。

death syndrome.Team leader Neal Patwari demonstrated the system by lying in a hospital bed surrounded by这个团队的带头人尼尔帕特维尔躺在一家医院的病床上，周围布置了20个工作频率为2.4G 20 wireless transceivers operating at a frequency of 2.4 gigahertz.He timed his breathing to be赫兹的无线电收发器以演示这个监控系统的工作状况。

附录：英文技术资料翻译英文原文：Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 and MFC Brief IntroductionThe Visual C 6.0, referred to as VC or VC6.0, Microsoft introduced a C compiler, high-level language the program translated into machine language (low-level language). Visual C is a powerful visualization software development tools. , With its new version come out since 1993, Microsoft introduced the Visual C 1.0, Visual C has become the tool of choice for professional programmers to develop software. Microsoft Visual C NET (Visual C 7.0), but its application has great limitations, applies only to Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows NT 4.0. Practice, are based more on the Visual C 6.0 as a platform.Features and shortcomingsCharacteristicVisual C, 6.0, developed by Microsoft, it is not only a C compiler, and a Windows operating system, a visual integrated development environment (integrated development environment, IDE). Visual C 6.0 is composed of many components, including editor, debugger, and AppWizard AppWizard, ClassWizard Class Wizard and other development tools. These components are integrated through a component called Developer Studio for the harmonious development environment. Microsoft's main software products. Visual C is a powerful visualization software development tools. , With its new version come out since 1993, Microsoft introduced the Visual C 1.0, Visual C has become the tool of choice for professional programmers to develop software. Microsoft Visual C NET (Visual C 7.0), but the limitations of its application only applies to Windows 2000, Windows XP and Windows NT 4.0. Practice, are based more on the Visual C 6.0 as a platform.Visual C, 6.0 to have syntax highlighting, automatic compiler functions and advanced debugging features known. For example, it allows users to remotely debug a single step. As well as allow the user during debugging to recompile the modified code, without having to restart the program being debugged. Compile and create the precompiled header file (the stdafx.h), the minimum reconstruction function and the cumulative link (link). These features significantly shorten the procedure edit, compile and link time to spend, particularly notable in thelarge-scale software projects.ShortcomingC is developed by C language, and also supports the C language compiler. Version 6.0 is the most used version of the classic. The biggest shortcoming is its relatively poor support for templates. The latest patch for SP6, the recommended installation, or prone to compile-time state of suspended animation. Supports only the Windows operating system. Currently found with windows 7 compatibility is not good, can not open the cpp file of the phenomenon may occur after a successful installation.MFCmfc is the abbreviation of the Microsoft Foundation Class Library, Microsoft implemented a c class library encapsulates most of the Windows API function, vc is the integrated development environment developed byMicrosoft Corporation c / c, the so-called integrated development environment, that is use it you can edit, co mpile, debug, instead of using the rotation operation of a variety of tools, greater flexibility. Sometimes people say vc it also refers to its internal compiler, integrated development environment must have a compiler, kernel, or what, such as DevC which the kernel of a compiler is the gcc. MFC is a class library, outside, or a framework, you should be tried, to create a new MFC project in vc, the development environment will help you automatically generate a lot of files at the same time it uses mfcxx.dll. xx is the version of mfc kernel, so you see less than the original SDK programming in the message loop, and things in your code, because the MFC framework to help you better package, so you can concentrate on consideration of your application logic, and what not each programming must be repeated, but is a common framework, not the best targeted, of course, they also lose some flexibility and efficiency of the MFC package is very shallow, so little loss of efficiency flexibility, although there are many defects, but still a good thing.MFC and Win32The MFC the Object and the Windows the Object of the relationship between MFC package yes encapsulation of the Win32 API, therefore, understand the Windows Object and the MFC the Object (C, + + object, a C, + + class's instance) between the understanding of MFC's key one. The so-called the Windows the Object (the Windows object) is under Win32 use handle, said of the Windows operating system object; so-called the MFC the Object (the MFC object) is C, + + object, is a C + + class's instance, here (within the scope of this book) the MFC the Object is to have a specific meaning, refers to the package of Windows Object C + + Object does not refer to any C + + the Object. MFC Object and Windows Object is not the same, but the two closely linked. Window object, for example: an MFC window object is a C + + CWnd class (or derived class) instance, is a program created directly. Program execution with the window class constructor call generation, disappear with the call to t he destructor. Windows window is an instance of an internal data structure of the Windows system from a window handle identifies the Windows system to create it and give it to allocate system resources. Windows window after the MFC window object is created by the Create member function of CWnd class to create a window handle is stored in the window object's m_hWnd member variable. Windows window can be destroyed, a program can also be destroyed by the actions of users. MFC window objects and Windows window object relationship shown in Figure 2-1. the other Windows Object and the corresponding MFC Object also has a similar relationship.MFC window class CWndOn Windows systems, the attributes of a window in two places to store: one part on the inside of the window class ", as described above is specified in the login window; another part on the Windows Object, such as: the size of the window, the window position (X, Y axis), the window Z-order of the state of the window (ACTIVE, MINIMIZED, MAXMIZED, RESTORED ...), and other window (parent window, child window ...), the window can receive keyboard or mouse message and so on.In order to express the commonality of all these windows, the MFC design a window base class of the CWnd. It is very important, CWnd to provide a standard generic MFC window procedure, all windows in MFC use this window. As for the common window procedure was able to achieve different operation for each window, that the mysteries of the MFC message mapping mechanism and role of theCreate a window object in MFCMFC to create a window object in two steps, first create an MFC window object, and then create a corresponding Windows window. Memory use, the MFC window object on the stack or heap (new creation) to create. The specific formulation is as follows:Create an MFC window object. By the definition of a CWnd or its derived class instance variables or dynamically create an MFC window instance, the former stack space to create an MFC window objects, which create an MFC window objects in the heap space.Calls the appropriate window to create a function to create a Windows window object.The use of the MFC windowMFC provides a window class, its function and purpose vary. The programmer should choose which classes to use, and how to use them?Direct use of the MFC provides a window class, or start with the MFC window class derived a new C + + class and then use it under normal circumstances, these do not require the programmer to provide the registration code of the window. Need to derive the new C + + class, as the MFC window class is already able to meet the requirements. Derived C + + class inherits the characteristics of the base class and to change or extend its functionality, such as increasing or change the news, events, special processing.The main use or inherit the following MFC window class (the hierarchy shown in Figure 1-1):Framework class CFrameWnd, CMdiFrameWnd;Document framework CMdiChildWnd;View CView, and CView derived view of the special features such as: list CListView edit CEditView tree list CTreeView, RTF CRichEditView the dialog-based CFormView and so on.Dialog box, the CDialog.Typically, the window must be from the framework of the application of these classes are derived and depending on the window or dialog box.Toolbar CToolBarStatus bar CStatusBarOther types of control window, such as CList of the list box, the CEdit of the edit box, combo box the CComboBox button Cbutton.Typically, the direct use of these classes.The destruction of the window in MFCThe window object after use, should be destroyed. MFC, a window object is the destruction of the destruction including the destruction of the HWND of the window object and MFC window object. Under normal circumstances, MFC programming framework automatically handle these.(1) of CFrameWnd and CView derived classThe closure of these windows lead to the destruction of the window function DestroyWindow is called. Windows window is destroyed, the last member function is called by the MFC framework the OnNcDestroy function, which is responsible for the Windows clean-up work, and the last call virtual member function of the PostNcDestroy. CFrameWnd and CView, PostNcDestroy call delete this delete their own MFC window object.Therefore, these windows, as mentioned above, should be in the heap (Heap) is allocated, but, do not use the delete operations on these objects.(2) for Windows Control windowIn their destructor will be called DestroyWidnow to destroy the window. If such a window object allocated on the stack beyond the scope of the destructor call, the MFC window object and its Windows window object is destroyed. If the heap (Heap) is allocated, then explicitly call delete operator, resulting in the destruction of the destructor calls and window.Therefore, this type of window should be allocated on the stack, to avoid the extra code to destroy the window. As mentioned earlier the CMainFrame member variables m_wndStatusBar and m_wndToolBar is one such example.(3) For programmers directly derived from CWnd windowProgrammers can be implemented in a derived class to one of these two mechanisms, and then, in the corresponding specification.Device descriptor table summarizes theWhen an application uses GDI functions, you must first load a specific device driver, and then draw the window device context, such as the specified line width and color, brush styles and colors, fonts, clipping region. Unlike other Win32 structure, equipment description table can not be accessed directly, only indirectly through a series of Win32 function operation.中文译文：Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 和MFC简要介绍Visual C ++ 6.0，简称VC或者VC6.0，是微软推出的一款C 编译器，将“高级语言”翻译为“机器语言（低级语言）”的程序。

优秀翻译模板英文作文英文：As a professional translator, I believe that a good translation should not only convey the meaning of the original text accurately, but also capture the tone and style of the author. To achieve this, it is important to have a deep understanding of both the source and target languages, as well as the cultural context in which the text was written.One key aspect of a good translation is the ability to capture the nuances of the original text. This means not only translating the words themselves, but also the underlying meaning and intent. For example, if a text contains idiomatic expressions or cultural references that may not be familiar to the target audience, the translator should find an equivalent expression or provide a brief explanation to ensure that the meaning is not lost.Another important factor is the tone and style of the author. A good translator should be able to capture the author's voice and convey it in the target language. For example, if the original text is humorous or sarcastic, the translator should strive to maintain that tone in the translation. Similarly, if the text is written in a formal or academic style, the translator should use appropriate language and syntax in the target language.In addition to linguistic and cultural knowledge, a good translator should also have strong research skills. This may involve consulting reference materials, conducting interviews with experts, or doing background research on the topic of the text. By doing so, the translator can ensure that the translation is accurate and reflects the author's intended meaning.Overall, a good translation requires a combination of linguistic, cultural, and research skills. By paying attention to the nuances of the original text and capturing the author's tone and style, a translator can create a translation that is both accurate and engaging.中文：作为一名专业的翻译人员，我认为一个好的翻译不仅要准确传达原文的意思，还要捕捉到作者的语气和风格。

中英互译模板中英互译是指将中文翻译成英文或将英文翻译成中文的过程。

对于许多人来说，中英互译是一项具有挑战性和困难的任务。

然而，掌握一些基本的中英互译技巧和方法，可以帮助我们更好地完成这项任务。

中英互译模板是一个结构化的指导文件，它可以帮助我们组织我们的思维，确定翻译的主要要点，并确保翻译的准确性和一致性。

下面是一个常用的中英互译模板：1.标题翻译-中文标题：XXXX-英文标题：XXXX2.段落翻译i.原文段落XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）3.重点句子翻译i.原文句子XXXXii.译文句子XXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）4.核心词汇翻译i.原文词汇XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）5.语法翻译i.原文句子XXXXii.译文句子XXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）6.上下文翻译i.原文句子XXXXXXXXiii.翻译说明XXXX（包括使用的翻译方法、工具或参考资料）使用以上中英互译模板可以帮助我们规范翻译的过程，提高翻译的质量和准确性。

此外，还可以根据具体的翻译任务，灵活调整模板的内容和结构。

总结起来，中英互译模板是一种有组织的指导文件，可以帮助我们有效地进行中英互译。

通过使用模板，我们可以更好地组织翻译思路，确定要点，提高翻译质量和准确性。

这是一项非常有用的工具，特别是对于初学者和有需求的人来说。

希望这个中英互译模板对你有所帮助！。

英文翻译模板-毕业证书(新版)毕业证书翻译模板Graduation Certificate Translation Template此证明[学生全名]已经成功完成[学位课程]的要求，获得[学位头衔]。

[学生全名]已经成功完成[学位课程]的要求，获得[学位头衔]。

学生信息Student Information- Name: [Student's Full Name][Student's Full Name]- Date of Birth: [Student's Date of Birth][Student's Date of Birth] - Student ID: [Student's ID] (if applicable)[Student's ID] (if applicable)- 姓名：[学生全名][学生全名]- 出生日期：[学生生日][学生生日]- 学生编号：[学生编号]（如果适用）[学生编号]（如果适用）课程信息Course Information- Degree Program: [Degree Program][Degree Program]- University Name: [University Name][University Name]- Graduation Date: [Graduation Date][Graduation Date]- 学位课程：[学位课程][学位课程]- 大学名称：[大学名称][大学名称]- 毕业日期：[毕业日期][毕业日期]专业信息Major Information- Major: [Major][Major]- Specialization: [Specialization] (if applicable)[Specialization] (if applicable)- 专业：[专业][专业]- 专长：[专长]（如果适用）[专长]（如果适用）获得学位信息Degree Awarded Information- Degree Title: [Degree Title][Degree Title]- Date of Degree Conferral: [Degree Conferral Date][Degree Conferral Date]- 学位头衔：[学位头衔][学位头衔]- 颁发学位日期：[颁发学位日期][颁发学位日期]签署部门Signatory Department- Department Name: [Department Name][Department Name] - Department Seal: [Department Seal Image] (if applicable)[Department Seal Image] (if applicable)- 部门名称：[部门名称][部门名称]- 部门印章：[部门印章图片]（如果适用）[部门印章图片]（如果适用）。

附录二：外文技术资料及中文翻译1、英文技术资料Belt ConveyorFIELD OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a belt conveyor having a circulating conveying belt, having carrying rollers, which are arranged between the top strand and the bottom strand of the conveying belt, and having a drive device and a force-transmission device for moving the conveying belt.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONIt is known from practice for force to be transmitted from the drive device to the conveying belt of a belt conveyor via friction fitting. The friction between a driven carrying roller and the conveying belt, for example, may even be sufficient for this purpose. The rest of the carrying rollers are mounted in a movable manner and rotate along.DE 42 44 170 C2 discloses a belt conveyor having an endless conveying belt, the latter being driven by means of a force-transmission device which is present in the form of a friction wheel. A drive shaft extends beneath the bottom strand of the conveying belt. On the inner radius of the belt curve, a motor is connected as a drive device to the drive shaft and, in the region of the outer radius, a friction wheel is seated on the drive shaft and is in contact with the outer surface of the conveying belt. In this case, the friction wheel interacts with a carrying roller functioning as counterpressure roller. The drive shaft is mounted such that it can be moved at an angle both in the region of the outer radius and in the region of the inner radius of the belt curve. The movable-angle mounting of the drive shaft allows adaptation of the extent to which the friction wheel is pressed against the conveying belt in proportion to the actual load. In this way, the wear is reduced if, in part-load operation, the conveying belt is only subjected to the contact-pressure force which is necessary for this purpose.Although the belt conveyor known from DE 42 44 170 C2 reduces the wear of the conveying belt, it cannot rule it out altogether. The task of conveying foodstuffs or other goods which are to be kept clean involves, in addition to the mechanical damage to the conveying belt, the aspect of hygiene and of keeping goods clean. The abraded surface particles of the conveying belt could have a considerable adverse effect on the quality of the goods which are to be conveyed. Moreover, the known belt conveyor requires an extremely high level of structural outlay as far as the movable mounting of the separate drive shaft is concerned. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONTaking as departure point the belt conveyor known from DE 42 44 170 C2, the object of the invention is to specify a belt conveyor of the type in question which largely rules out any adverse effect to the surface of the conveying belt of the belt conveyor by the force-transmission device. According to a particularly preferred configuration, the belt conveyor is intended to require just a low level of structural outlay.The above object is achieved by the features of Patent claim 1. According to the latter, a belt conveyor of the type in question is configured such that a pair of elements which interact with one another with a form fit is provided for force-transmission purposes, and that one element is assigned to the force-transmission device and the other element is assigned to the conveying belt.According to the invention, it has been found that the surface of the conveying belt is not adversely affected as a result of the action of the force-transmission device if a separate pair of elements is providedin order to realize force transmission. It has also been found that the use of a pair of movement-converting elements which are known per se and interact with one another with a form fit largely eliminates the disadvantages which are known in the case of friction-fitting movement conversion, in particular wear and abrasion.According to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the belt conveyor according to the invention, the pair of elements could be present as toothed ring and toothed belt, the tooth flanks of the toothed ring and of the toothed belt interacting with one another. It would be possible for the toothed ring to be assigned to the force-transmission device and for the toothed belt to be assigned to the conveying belt.As far as a particularly low level of structural outlay is concerned, a preferred configuration of the abovementioned exemplary embodiment provides that the toothed ring is assigned to a carrying roller, and the latter thus simultaneously assumes the role of the force-transmission device. Via a journal projecting from the carrying roller, the drive takes place by means of a motor. The toothed ring could be plugged onto the carrying roller and fixed releasably—for example via a shaft/hub connection or a feather key—to the same. In the case of a plugged-on toothed ring, it is advantageous that it is possible to use carrying rollers which are already present. It is particularly advantageous for each carrying roller to be assigned at least one toothed ring. Over the entire running path of the conveying belt, it would then be the case that the toothed belt and the toothed rings interengage and move the conveying belt in a dimensionally stable manner. Corresponding to the toothed ring or rings which is/are arranged between the top and bottom strands and belongs/belong to the preferred configuration mentioned above, the toothed belt is arranged on the underside of the conveying belt, and extends in the running direction of the same. Arranging the toothed belt on the underside of the conveying belt once again ensures that the top side of the conveying belt, which is charged if appropriate with goods which are to be kept clean, is not subject to any force transmission, mechanical damage or production of abrasion particles or other contaminants.An expedient development of the preferred configuration of the belt conveyor according to the invention makes provision for the toothed ring to be arranged at the end of the carrying roller. As a result, on the one hand, straightforward maintenance of the force-transmission device is made possible and, on the other hand, this arrangement is also more cost-effective than a, for example, central arrangement. Direct force transmission over a short distance is achieved by a journal for the connection of the drive device projecting from that end of the carrying roller which is provided with the toothed ring.It is particularly advantageous if the toothed belt extends in the region of the side border of the conveying belt. As a result, on the one hand, straightforward production of the conveying belt with the toothed belt is made possible by the direct relationship to the border region and, on the other hand, a role is also played here by the accessibility to the pair of elements for maintenance purposes and, of course, by the coordination between the toothed belt and the arrangement of the toothed ring.In addition to toothed belts and toothed rings with normal toothing, it would also be possible to realize multisplining. This further reduces undesired sliding and thus wear, heating and noise development. In order to absorb high tensile forces, it would be possible for Kevlar filaments to be incorporated in the toothed belt, which usually consists of plastic. It would be possible for the conveying belt to be produced with the toothed belt by welding, vulcanizing or adhesive bonding.According to a particularly preferred configuration, it would be possible for the toothed belt to be a constituent part of a toothed- belt component which is of essentially U-shaped design in the transverse direction of the toothed belt. The U-shape makes it possible for the toothed- belt component simply to be plugged onto the border of the conveying belt until the border region has come into contact with the base part between the U-legs. The inner surface of the toothed- belt component may have been provided with adhesive beforehand. As a result of its shaping and of being produced in this way, the toothed- beltcomponent engages around the side-border region of the conveying belt.While the toothed belt of the conveying belt is subjected to compressive force by the toothed ring, and this largely rules out detachment of the toothed- belt component on the underside of the conveying belt, a counterpressure device could be provided in order to secure that region of the toothed- belt component which extends on the top side of the conveying belt. In design terms, the counterpressure device could be present in the form of an arm which acts on the U-leg of the toothed- belt component on the top side and thus constantly presses the same onto the top side of the conveying belt.As far as reliable guidance is concerned, it would be possible for the toothed belt or the toothed- belt component containing the toothed belt to form a bead. A bead ridge is thus produced over the length of the conveying belt. In the case of a U-shaped toothed- belt component, the bead ridge extends in each case at the free ends of the U-legs, at a distance from the border of the conveying belt, the distance depending essentially on the width of the toothed belt. As an alternative to a bead ridge, it would be possible for the toothed- belt component or for the straightforward toothed belt also to have at least one beveled free end. The guidance measure taken on the toothed belt or on the specific toothed- belt component is provided in order that a guide roller or a pair of guide rollers acts on the beveled surface or on the bead or bead ridge. The guidance measure explained above could be taken equally well in the case of belt curves and straight belt lines and of belt S-shapes bridging different heights.In the case of belt curves, the force acting on the conveying belt is directed toward the inner radius of the belt curve, with the result that the guide rollers, in an advantageous manner which is known per se, could have inclined running surfaces. Correspondingly angled retaining arms as a constituent part of retaining structures for the guide rollers could be arranged in each case in the region of a carrying roller. The guide rollers could be arranged in pairs on the top strand and on the bottom strand of the conveying belt.It should be emphasized at this point that, with the abovementioned configuration of the belt conveyor according to the invention having the bead or beveled free ends, two functions are combined in the pair of form-fitting elements. Not only the force transmission, but also the guidance of the conveying belt, takes place. The dimensional stability of the conveying belt is advantageously increased by the pair of form-fitting elements with the specific configuration of the toothed belt or of the toothed- belt component for action of the guide rollers thereon.In the case of the already cited design of the belt conveyor in the form of a belt curve, the carrying rollers are of conical design and the toothed ring is arranged at the larger-diameter end of the respective carrying roller, that is to say on the outer radius of the belt curve. The drive device is present as a motor and is assigned to the first carrying roller of the belt curve. The form-fitting interengagement of the toothed wheel and toothed belt takes place in the region of each carrying roller, the form fit, in relation to the first, motor-driven carrying roller, serving for force-transmission purposes and, in relation to the rest of the rollers, serving for guiding the conveying belt.The previously explained principle of force transmission via a pair of elements which interact with one another with a form fit could also be used in the case of a straight belt line or in the case of a height-changing belt S-shape. Here, the carrying rollers are of a cylindrical design and the force transmission takes place—as with the belt curve—at a first carrying roller, while the following carrying rollers, likewise equipped with the pair of form-fitting elements, serve for guiding the conveying belt. In contrast to the belt curve, however, it would be possible, in the case of the straight belt line or in the case of the belt S-shape, for the pair of elements to be arranged at the two free ends of the respective carrying roller and on the two border regions of the conveying belt. It would thus be possible specifically for the two border regions of the conveying belt to have a toothed belt or a toothed- belt component which interacts with the toothed rings at the two free ends of each carrying roller. Furthermore, it would also be possible, with these types of construction of the belt conveyor according to the invention, to provideguide rollers.A further advantage of the preferred embodiment of the belt conveyor according to the invention, the toothed ring and toothed belt interacting, consists in the improved capacity for controlling the belt speed in accordance with the current loading. It would be possible to provide a control device which senses a change in the speed by corresponding measuring sensors and adjusts the power of the drive device in line with the safety regulations.In comparison with the force transmission realized by friction fitting, the belt conveyor according to the invention not only has the advantage of better capacity for control, but also has the advantage that the conveying belt has a high level of dimensional stability as a result of the guidance by means of the pair of form-fitting elements and by means of the pairs of guide rollers and can be subjected to higher torques. Overall, it is possible to achieve an increased level of drive power during start-up. In the case of the belt conveyor according to the invention being designed in the form of a belt curve with an inner radius of 400 mm, the carrying rollers rotate at 230 rpm at a maximum speed of 1.5 m/sec.2、中文翻译带式运输机一、领域的发明本发明涉及一种具有循环带式输送机输送带，有托辊，这是链之间的顶部和底部的传送带链排列，有一个传动装置和一个移动传送带力传动装置。

steam which is admitted to a cold engine cylinder is liable to partially condensed by contact with the cylinder walls.进入冷气缸的蒸汽容易由于接触到气缸壁而被部分的冷凝。

that part of the steam nearest to the walls is cooled condenses as a film of the water.这部分的蒸汽会依附在气缸壁上形成水膜the volume of steam in the cylinder is thereby considerably reduced,这导致缸内的蒸汽的体积出现明显减少and more steam must be admitted in order that the pressure is sufficiently high to drive the piston along the cylinder,而由于蒸汽需要足够大的压力来推动活塞在缸内运动，所以又需要进更多的蒸汽condenstion in a cylinder therefor raises the steam consumption of the engine and thereby lowers its efficiency.因此气缸的冷凝作用加大了蒸汽的消耗，降低了自身的效率it is therefore necessary to devise means of getting rid of this condensation as for as possible,正由于这样，我们才需要尽可能的使用一些装置来消除这种冷凝and in moderm recip-rocating steam engines,在现代的往复式蒸汽机上condensation problems have been practically eliminated冷凝作用已经几乎被消除this is effected by superneating(superheating???) the steam in the boiler and also by fitting steam jackets round the cylinder.这是在锅炉里面使用高温处理蒸汽和给气缸增设蒸汽套共同作用的结果。

Technical Manual English TranslationIntroductionThe purpose of this document is to provide a comprehensive English translation of the technical manual. The manual provides detailed instructions and information on the use and maintenance of a particular product or technology. This translation aims to facilitate understanding and accessibility for English-speaking users.Important Safety InstructionsBefore using the product, it is crucial to read and understand the safety instructions outlined in this section. These instructions are designed to ensure the safe and proper use of the product, and failure to follow them may result in injuries or accidents.General Safety Precautions•Always read the manual carefully before operating the product.•Keep the product away from children and unauthorized personnel.•Avoid using the product in wet or damp environments.•Do not modify or tamper with the product without proper authorization.•Follow all applicable laws and regulations when operating the product.Electrical Safety•Make sure the product is properly grounded.•Do not use the product if the power cord is damaged.•Avoid using the product near water or other liquids.•Unplug the product during thunderstorms or when not in use.Product DescriptionThis section provides a detailed description of the product, including its specifications, features, and components. It is important to familiarize yourself with this information to effectively operate and maintain the product.Specifications•Dimensions:•Weight:•Power Requirements:•Operating Temperature:•Storage Temperature:Features•Feature 1:•Feature 2:•Feature 3:Components•Component 1:•Component 2:•Component 3:InstallationThis section provides step-by-step instructions on how to install and set up the product. It is important to follow these instructions carefully to ensure the product is installed correctly and functions as intended.Step 1: Unpacking•Open the packaging box and remove all components.•Inspect the components for any signs of damage.Step 2: Assembly•Attach component A to component B using the provided screws.•Connect component C to the main unit using the provided cable.Step 3: Power On•Connect the power cord to the product and plug it into a power outlet.•Press the power button to turn on the product.OperationThis section provides instructions on how to operate and use the product. It includes information on the controls, user interface, and various functionalities of the product. Familiarize yourself with this section to maximize the product’s capabilities.Control PanelThe control panel consists of the following buttons and indicators: - Button A: - Button B: - Indicator 1:User InterfaceThe user interface is designed to provide a user-friendly experience and easy navigation. It includes a menu system, icons, and status indicators. Refer to the manual for a detailed explanation of the user interface.FunctionalityThe product offers several functions and features to enhance its usability. These include: - Function 1: - Function 2: - Function 3:MaintenanceRegular maintenance is essential to prolong the product’s lifespan and ensure optimal performance. This section provides guidelines on how to maintain and clean the product.Cleaning•Use a soft, lint-free cloth to clean the exterior of the product.•Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive materials that may damage the surface.TroubleshootingIn the event of a problem or malfunction, refer to this section for troubleshooting tips and solutions. It provides a list of common issues and recommended actions to resolve them.Warranty and SupportThis section includes information on the product’s warranty coverage and support services provided by the manufacturer. It is important to familiarize yourself with the terms and conditions of the warranty and the available support channels.Warranty Coverage•Duration:•Terms and Conditions:Support Services•Phone:•Email:•Website:ConclusionThis English translation of the technical manual aims to provide clear and concise instructions and information for English-speaking users. It includes important safety instructions, product description, installation procedures, operation guidelines, maintenance instructions, troubleshooting tips, and warranty information. By following this manual, users can effectively and safely operate and maintain the product.。

NPC-National Petro Co.3600t Revolving/Engineering CraneTechnical Specification (Project Plan)Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery (Group) Co., Ltd.2005-12-10Table of Content1.1 General Description 总则1.1.1Consist of the Specification 本规格书组成The specification including general, hull structure, outfitting, machinery, electrical, refrigerating, air conditioning, ventilating, pipelaying, DP, and crane parts describes the 3600t CRANE PIPELAYING VESSEL based on scheme design.本规格书由船舶总体、舾装、轮机、电气、通风冷藏空调、动力定位、起重机及铺管设备估价等部分组成，表述3600 t全回转起重工程船的主要技术规格方案。

1.1.2Construction Explanation建造说明The BUILDER’s supply covers the item described in this specification, anything excluding from the scope of the specification will be supplied by the OWNER.本船的建造估价，所有规格书所规定的项目均由建造方提供。

超过规格书部分船东提供。

1.1.3Language and Measuring Unit文种与计量单位The drawings, instructions, instruments, display, caution sign and nameplate shall be written in English and kept down the foreign nameplate of the importation of machine and equipments. Metric system is used for designing and fabricating of hull, crane and equipment etc. unless otherwise specialized in specification or instruction.本船的图纸、使用说明书、仪表、显示、警示牌和铭牌等均以英文书写。

英语日常用语——技术资料和图纸TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS AND DRAWINGS1 We completed this task according to the drawing number SD-76.我们按照图号SD-76的图纸完成了这项工作。

2 According to the technical standard (norm, rules of operation), the erection (alignment, testing )work is now getting on .安装(校准、试验)工作正在根据技术标准(规范、操作规程)进行。

3 This is a plot plan (general layout ,general arrangement, detail ,section, erection ,flow sheet, PID, assembly, civil, electrical, control and instrumentation, projection, piping, isometric ) drawing.这是一张平面布置(总平面、总布置、细部、剖面、安装、流程、带仪表控制点的管道、装配、土建、电气、自控和仪表、投影、配管、空视)图。

4 That is a general (front, rear, side, left, right, top, vertical, bottom, elevation, auxiliary, cut-away, birds eye) view.那是全视(前视、后视、侧视、左视、右视、顶视、俯视、底视、立视、辅助、内部剖视、鸟瞰)图。

5 How many drawings are there in the set?这套图纸有几张?6 Is this a copy for reproduction? 这是一份底图吗?7 What is the edition of this drawing? 这张图纸是第几版?8 Is this drawing in effect? 这张图纸有效吗?9 Is this a revised edition? 这是修订版吗?10 Will it to be revised yet? 这图还要修订吗?11 Are there some modifications (revisions) on the drawing?这张图上有些修改(修正)吗?12 The information to be placed in each title block of a drawing include: drawing number, drawing size, scale, weight, sheet number and number ofsheets, drawing title and signatures of persons preparing, checking and approving the drawing.每张图纸的图标栏内容包括:图号、图纸尺寸、比例、重量、张号和张数、图标、以及图纸的制图、校对、批准人的签字。

外文文献翻译（2012届）学生姓名学号********专业班级计算机科学与技术08-5班指导教师微软Visual Studio1微软Visual StudioVisual Studio 是微软公司推出的开发环境，Visual Studio可以用来创建Windows平台下的Windows应用程序和网络应用程序，也可以用来创建网络服务、智能设备应用程序和Office 插件。

Visual Studio是一个来自微软的集成开发环境IDE（inteqrated development environment），它可以用来开发由微软视窗，视窗手机，Windows CE、.NET框架、.NET精简框架和微软的Silverlight支持的控制台和图形用户界面的应用程序以及Windows窗体应用程序，网站，Web应用程序和网络服务中的本地代码连同托管代码。

Visual Studio包含一个由智能感知和代码重构支持的代码编辑器。

集成的调试工作既作为一个源代码级调试器又可以作为一台机器级调试器。

其他内置工具包括一个窗体设计的GUI应用程序，网页设计师，类设计师，数据库架构设计师。

它有几乎各个层面的插件增强功能，包括增加对支持源代码控制系统（如Subversion和Visual SourceSafe）并添加新的工具集设计和可视化编辑器，如特定于域的语言或用于其他方面的软件开发生命周期的工具（例如Team Foundation Server的客户端：团队资源管理器）。

Visual Studio支持不同的编程语言的服务方式的语言，它允许代码编辑器和调试器（在不同程度上）支持几乎所有的编程语言，提供了一个语言特定服务的存在。

内置的语言中包括C/C + +中（通过Visual C++）,（通过Visual ），C＃中（通过Visual C＃）和F＃（作为Visual Studio 2010），为支持其他语言，如M,Python,和Ruby等，可通过安装单独的语言服务。

英文翻译报告模板1. 引言英文翻译报告是为了帮助读者更好地理解翻译文本，并提供对原始文本的准确翻译。

本文旨在提供一个英文翻译报告的模板，以便读者在进行翻译工作时有一个清晰的结构和指导。

2. 文本信息首先，我们需要提供文本信息，包括原始文本和翻译文本。

这些信息应该包含在报告的开头部分，以便读者可以对原始文本和翻译文本进行对比。

原始文本：[原始文本]翻译文本：[翻译文本]3. 翻译过程接下来，我们需要详细描述翻译的步骤和过程。

这包括词汇选择、句子结构和语法的转换等。

以下是一个示例：1.词汇选择：在翻译过程中，我们需要根据上下文和语境选择适当的词汇。

例如，在原始文本中出现的“house”可以翻译为“房子”或“住宅”，具体选择哪个取决于上下文。

2.句子结构：有时，原始文本和目标语言的句子结构可能不一样。

在翻译过程中，我们需要重新构造句子，以使其在目标语言中更自然和流畅。

3.语法转换：不同语言之间的语法规则可能不同。

在翻译过程中，我们需要遵循目标语言的语法规则，并相应地调整原始文本的语法结构。

4. 校对和修改完成翻译后，我们需要进行校对和修改。

这包括检查翻译文本的准确性、流畅性和语法错误等。

以下是一些常见的修改事项：1.准确性：确保翻译文本准确传达了原始文本的意思。

如果有误解或错误，请进行相应的修正。

2.流畅性：检查翻译文本的流畅性和自然度。

如果某些句子在目标语言中不够流畅，可以进行适当调整。

3.语法错误：仔细检查翻译文本中的语法错误，并进行修正。

这包括词序、时态和词形等方面的错误。

5. 结论英文翻译报告模板提供了一个结构化的指导，帮助读者更好地理解翻译过程和结果。

通过遵循这个模板，翻译人员可以更好地组织和呈现他们的翻译成果。

需要注意的是，每个翻译项目都有其特定的要求和挑战。

因此，在使用这个模板时，可以根据实际情况进行适当的修改和调整。

最终目标是提供一份准确、流畅和易于理解的翻译报告。

6. 参考文献[列出参考文献（如果有的话）]。

1、外文资料翻译内容要求：外文资料的内容应为本学科研究领域，并与毕业设计（论文）选题相关的技术资料或专业文献，译文字数应不少于3000汉字以上，同时应在译文末注明原文的出处。

不可采用网络中直接有外文和原文的。

2、外文资料翻译格式要求：译文题目采用小二号黑体，居中；译文正文采用宋体小四号，段前、段后距为0行；行距：固定值20磅。

英文原文如果为打印的话用新罗马（Times New Roman）小四号字。

装订时原文在前，译文在后。

文章中有引用的地方在原文中也要体现。

参考文献也要翻译成中文！An Energy-Efficient Cooperative Algorithm for Data Estimation inWireless Sensor NetworksAbstract – In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), nodes operate on batteries and network’s lifetime depends on energy consumption of the nodes. Consider the class of sensor networks where all nodes sense a single phenomenon at different locations and send messages to a Fusion Center (FC) in order to estimate the actual information. In classical systems all data processing tasks are done in the FC and there is no processing or compression before transmission. In the proposed algorithm, network is divided into clusters and data processing is done in two parts. The first part is performed in each cluster at the sensor nodes after local data sharing and the second part will be done at the Fusion Center after receiving all messages from clusters. Local data sharing results in more efficient data transmission in terms of number of bits. We also take advantage of having the same copy of data at all nodes of each cluster and suggest a virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (V-MIMO) architecture for data transmission from clusters to the FC. A Virtual-MIMO network is a set of distributed nodes each having one antenna. By sharing their data among themselves, these nodes turn into a classical MIMO system. In the previously proposed cooperative/virtual MIMO architectures there has not been any data processing or compression in the conference phase. We modify the existing VMIMO algorithms to suit the specific class of sensor networks that is of our concern. We use orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (STBC) for MIMO part and by simulation show that this algorithm saves considerable energy compared to classical systems.I. INTRODUCTIONA typical Wireless Sensor Network consists of a set of small, low-cost and energy-limited sensor nodes which are deployed in a field in order to observe a phenomenon and transmit it to a Fusion Center (FC). These sensors are deployed close to one another and their readings of the environment are highly correlated. Their objective is to report a descriptive behavior of the environment based on all measurements to the Fusion Center. This diversity in measurement lets the system become more reliable and robust against failure. In general, each node is equipped with a sensing device, a processor and a communication module (which can be either a transmitter or transmitter/receiver).Sensor nodes are equipped with batteries and are supposed to work for a long period of time without battery replacement. Thus, they are limited in energy and one of the most important issues in designing sensor networks will be the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. To deal with this problem, we might either reduce the number of bits to be transmitted by source compression or reduce the required power for transmission by applying advanced transmission techniques while satisfying certain performance requirement.A lot of research has been done in order to take advantage of the correlation among sensors’ data for reducing the number of bits to be transmitted. Some are based on distributed source coding[1]while others use decentralized estimation[2-5]. In [1], authors present an efficient algorithm that applies distributed compression based on Slepian – Wolf[14] encoding technique and use an adaptive signal processing algorithm to track correlation among sensors data. In [2-5] the problem of decentralized estimation in sensor networks has been studied under different constraints. In these algorithms, sensors perform a local quantization on their data considering that their observations are correlated with that of other sensors. They produce a binary message and send it to the FC. FC combines these messages based on the quantization rules used at the sensor nodes and estimates the unknown parameter. Optimal local quantization and final fusion rules are investigated in these works. The distribution of data assumed for sensor observation in these papers has Uniform probability distribution function. In our model we consider Gaussian distribution introduced in [17] for sensor measurements which ismore likely to reality.As an alternative approach, some works have been done using energy-efficient communication techniques such as cooperative/virtual Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission in sensor networks [6-11]. In these works, as each sensor is equipped with one antenna, nodes are able to form a virtual MIMO system by performing cooperation with others. In [6] the application of MIMO techniques in sensor networks based on Alamouti[15] space-time block codes was introduced. In [8,9] energy-efficiency of MIMO techniques has been explored analytically and in [7] a combination of distributed signal processing algorithm presented and in [1] cooperative MIMO was studied.In this paper, we consider both techniques of compression and cooperative transmission at the same time. We reduce energy consumption in two ways; 1) processing data in part at the transmitting side, which results in removing redundant information thus having fewer bits to be transmitted and 2) reducing required transmission energy by applying diversity and Space-Time coding. Both of these goals will be achieved by our proposed two-phase algorithm. In our model, the objective is to estimate the unknown parameter which is basically the average of all nodes’ measurements. That is, exact measurements of individual nodes are not important and it is not necessary to spend a lot of energy and bandwidth to transmit all measured data with high precision to the FC. We can move some part of data processing to the sensors side. This can be done by local data sharing among sensors. We divide the network into clusters of ‘m’ members. The number of members in the cluster (m) is both the compression factor in data processing and also the diversity order in virtual-MIMO architecture. The remaining of this paper is organized as following: in section II we introduce our system model and basic assumptions. In section III we propose our collaborative algorithm. In section IV we present the mathematical analysis of the proposed algorithm and in section V we give some numerical simulations. Finally section VI concludes the paper.II. SYSTEM MODELA. Network ModelThe network model that we use is similar to the one presented in [2-5].Our network consists of N distributed Sensor Nodes (SN) and a Fusion Center (FC). Sensors are deployed uniformly in the field, close to one another and each taking observations on an unknown parameter (θ). Fusion Center is located far from the nodes. All nodes observe same phenomenon but with different measurements. These nodes together with the Fusion Center are supposed to find the value of the unknown parameter. Nodes send binary messages to Fusion Center. FC will process the received messages and estimate the unknown value.B. Data ModelIn our formulation we use the data model introduced in[17]. We assume that all sensors observe the same phenomenon (θ) which has Gaussian distribution with variance σx 2. They observe different versions of θ and we model this difference as an additive zero mean Gaussian noisewith variance σn 2. Therefore, sensor observations will be described byn i i θx += （1） Where θ ~ N (0, σx 2) and n i ~ N (0, σn 2) for i = 1, 2, … , N .Based on thisassumption the value of θ can be estimated by taking the numerical average of the nodes observations, i.e.∑==N i i x N 11θ（2）C. Reference System ModelOur reference system consists of N conventional Single Input Single Output (SISO) wireless links, each connecting one of the sensor nodes to the FC. For the reference system we do not consider any communication or cooperation among the sensors. Therefore each sensor quantizes its observation by an L-bit scalar quantizer designed for distribution of θ, generates a message of length L and transmits it directly to the FC. Fusion Center receives all messages and performs the processing, which is calculation of the numerical average of these messages.III. COOPERATIVE DATA PROCESSING ALGORITHMSensor readings are analog quantities. Therefore, each sensor has to compress its data into several bits. For data compression we use L -bit scalar quantizer [12,13].In our algorithm, network is divided into clusters, each cluster having a fixed and pre-defined number of members (m). Members of each cluster are supposed to cooperate with one another in two ways:1. Share, Process and Compress their data2. Cooperatively transmit their processed data using virtual MIMO.IV. ANALYSISThe performance metric considered in our analysis is the total distortion due to compression and errors occurred during transmission. The first distortion is due to finite length quantizer, used in each sensor to represent the analog number by L bits. This distortion depends on the design of quantizer.We consider a Gaussian scalar quantizer which is designed over 105 randomly generated samples. The second distortion is due to errors occurred during transmission through the channel. In our system, this distortion is proportional to the probability of bit error. Since the probability of bit error (Pe) is a function of transmission energy per bit (Eb), total distortion will be a function of Eb. In this section we characterize the transmission and total consumed energy of sensors and find the relationship between distortion and probability of bit error.V. SIMULATION AND NUMERICAL RESULTS To give a numerical example, we assume m = 4 members in each cluster. Therefore our Virtual-MIMO scheme will consist of 4 transmit antennas. We assume that network has N = 32 sensors. Sensor observations are Gaussian with σx2= 1 and are added to a Gaussian noise of σn2= 0.1 .Nodes are deployed uniformly in the field and are 2 meters apart from each other and the Fusion Center is located 100 meters away from the center of the field. The values for circuit parameters are quoted from [6] and are listed in Table I. These parameters depend on the hardware design and technological advances. Fig. 1 illustrates the performance (Distortion) of reference system and proposed two-phase V-MIMO scheme versus transmission energy consumption in logarithmic scale. As shown in the figures, depending on how much precision is needed in the system, we can save energy by applying the proposed algorithm.TABLE IFig. 2 illustrates the Distortion versus total energy consumption of sensor nodes. That is, in this figure we consider both the transmission and circuit energy consumption. The parameters that lead us to these results may be designed to give better performance than presented here. However, from these figures we can conclude that the proposed algorithm outperforms the reference system when we want to have distortion less than 10−3 and it can save energy as high as 10 dB.VI. CONCLUSIONIn this paper we proposed a novel algorithm which takes advantage of cooperation among sensor nodes in two ways: it not only compresses the set of sensor messages at the sensor nodes into one message, appropriate for final estimation but also encodes them into orthogonal space-time symbols which are easy to decode and energy-efficient. This algorithm is able to save energy as high as 10 dB.REFERENCES[1] J.Chou,D.Petrovic and K.Ramchandran “A distributed and adaptive signalprocessing approach to reducing energy consumption in sensornetworks,”Proc. IEEE INFOCOM,March 2003.[2] Z.Q.Luo, “Universal decentralized estimation in a bandwidth constrainedsensor network,” IEEE rmation The ory, vol.51,no.6,June 2005.[3] Z.Q.Luo,“An Isotropic Universal decentralized estimation scheme for abandwidth constrained Ad Hoc sensor network,”IEEEm. vol.23,no. 4,April 2005.[4] Z.Q.Luo and J.-J. Xiao, “Decentralized estimation i n an inhomogeneoussensing environment,” IEEE Trans. Information Theory, vol.51, no.10,October 2005.[5] J.J.Xiao,S.Cui,Z.-Q.Luo and A.J.Goldsmith, “Joint estimation in sensornetworks under energy constraints,” Proc.IEEE First conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks, (SECON 04),October 2004.[6] S.Cui, A.J.Goldsmith, and A.Bahai,“Energy-efficiency of MIMO andcooperative MIMO techniques in sensor networks,”IEEEm,vol.22, no.6pp.1089–1098,August 2004.[7] S.K.Jayawe era and M.L.Chebolu, “Virtual MIMO and distributed signalprocessing for sensor networks-An integrated approach”,Proc.IEEEInternational Conf. Comm.(ICC 05)May 2005.[8] S.K.Jayaweera,"Energy efficient virtual MIMO-based CooperativeCommunications for Wireless Sensor Networks",2nd International Conf. on Intelligent Sensing and Information Processing (ICISIP 05),January 2005.[9] S.K.Jayaweera,“Energy Analysis of MIMO Techniques in Wireless SensorNetworks”, 38th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS 04),March 2004.[10] S.K.Jayaweera and M.L.Chebolu,“Virtual MIMO and Distributed SignalProcessing for Sensor Networks - An Integrated Approach”,IEEEInternational Conf.on Communications (ICC 05),May 2005.[11] S.K.Jayaweera,“An Energy-efficient Virtual MIMO CommunicationsArchitecture Based on V-BLAST Processing for Distributed WirelessSensor Networks”,1st IEEE International Conf.on Sensor and Ad-hocCommunications and Networks (SECON 2004), October 2004.[12] J.Max,“Quantizing for minimum distortion,” IRE rmationTheory,vol.IT-6, pp.7 – 12,March 1960.[13] S.P.Lloyd,“Least squares quantization in PCM ,”IEEE rmationTheory,vol.IT-28, pp.129-137,March 1982.[14] D.Slepian and J.K.Wolf “Noiseless encoding of correlated inf ormationsources,” IEEE Trans. on Information Theory,vol.19, pp.471-480,July1973.[15] S.M.Alamouti,“A simple transmit diversity technique for wirelesscommunications,” IEEE m., vol.16,no.8,pp.1451–1458,October 1998.[16] V.Tarokh,H.Jafarkhani,and A.R.Calderbank. “Space-time block codesfrom orthogonal designs,’’IEEE rmationTheory,vol.45,no.5,pp.1456 -1467,July 1999.[17] Y.Oohama,“The Rate-Distortion Function for the Quadratic GaussianCEO Problem,” IEEE Trans. Informatio nTheory,vol.44,pp.1057–1070,May 1998.。

附录：英文技术资料翻译Journal of Jiaozuo Institute of Technology (Nstursl Science),Vol.20,No.4,Jul.2001英文原文：The development of portable digital balanceGUO San-ming' Z H ENG J un-zhong(Dept,of Electri.Eng .of JIT,Jiaozuo 454000,China)Abstract: More attention has been paid on the development of the portable digital balance with commercial worth since the usual measurers have been unpopular such as pole balance spring balance and some others .The scheme of the portable digital balance with high performance and low cost is put forward. The ideas for the signal process circuit is introduced and the specie hardware chart is made. The key parts of the weigh sensor elastomer are specified. Moreover the problems to deal with the current and the improvement on the accuration have been solved.Key words: digital balance; elastomer; power amplifier; measurement range conversion; electric resourceCLC; TH 715.1 +93 Document Code: A literature number 1007 -7332 (2001) 04-0269-040 IntroductionDevelopment of science and technology, the weighing technology put forward higher requirements, especially micro-processing technology and sensor technology, tremendous progress has greatly accelerated this process. Currently, electronic scales used in commercial sales have been quite common, but all kinds of electronic scales are widely used in the market, there are significant limitations. These electronic scales large volume, high cost, need for frequency AC power supply, and can not carry. Popular portableelectronic weighing scales on the market, or they use a rod to the spring compression, tensile deformation of the spring balance to achieve, such as metering, measurement error is large, more than once spring elastic limit, it will generate a lot of errors, as well as damage to the rod type scales are currently going out of the metering equipment, therefore, a miniaturized, can be replaced in the future development of universal rod scales electronic scales by the people attach great importance to design a lightweight, easy to carry, accurate measurement, intuitive readings civilian electronic scales imminent.This product is fully electronic circuit design, fully taking into account the advantages of various types of electronic scales, and small and portable, measurement error is small (1%), reliable / low prices on the civilian market has good prospects for use.1 System PrinciplesPortable electronic scale system shown( Figure 1), which consists of sensors, amplifiers, range conversion circuit, A / D converter and a display / power supply circuit and the like.Strain gauge sensor element consisting of a resistor, the weighing weak signal, the precision of the differential amplifier, two stages (0~2Kg, 2~10Kg) automatic conversion range, the A/D converter, said amplified re-converted into an analog signal to a digital liquid crystal display (LCD) display, the processing circuit power supply voltage into the battery power supply voltage level required for the type of each unit circuit.2 load cell selection and designIn the electronic scale system , the sensor is the most critical component is also part of the design of electronic scales difficult to deal with , its performance directlydetermines the accuracy of electronic scales . Small -scale load cell structure , type and more categories . In order to make the load cell has good linearity , strong input sensitivity and strong resistance to lateral load force , we have adopted a two-hole parallel beam load cell [1] ( Figure 2 ),as the use of domestic hard aluminum alloy LY12 elastomer material, the elastic hysteresis and creep is small, the small -scale load cell, the storage of this material is larger than W, elastic modulus is small (about 1 / 3 of steel), the manufacture of small the load cell weighing scale , and the ideal material.Working principle of the sensor is : When the sensor is subjected to external loads prole of the upper and lower beams parallel elastomer elastic deformation / paste in a parallel beam of four strain gauges R1~ R4 consists of bridge output voltage is generated with linearized external load increment p , p can know the size of the external load.Size of the sensor according to the maximum range of the elastic element may be primarily determined detection point ( peak stress ) section thickness h1,, to determine the form and size of the opening , the sensor sensitivity is generally require (1.5 ~ 2) mV / V range, the full-bridge The output voltage U 0.As 0CC U S U ε=,Where: S-strain gauge sensitivity factor;U C C - -for the bridge voltageε-Detection Point (strain gauge affixed at) strain,S U U CC /)/(0=εAlso 1/P M E W ε= ,Where: Mp-detection point bending moment;E -modulus of elasticity of the material;W1-detection point flexural modulus; .)6/(211bh l W =Beacuse ),2/(:)2/(:max L l M M P = (Similar triangles);So ,4/)4/)(/(pl pL L l M P -=Where: b -elastic element width;h1-sectional thickness detection point ;Mmax = pL/4- maximum bending moments at both ends of the elastic element ; p-Maximum weight;l-double hole center distance;L-length of elastomersCan push 164pl h Ebε= Open hole diameter 12h φα=-，2()/2h L l φ=--The stiffness ratio αL h h K 312)(= . This value can be used as calibration values estimated elastic stiffness is adequate. Size elastomer determined according to the above principles, its processing byconventional technology standards, through the heat out of the library , the opening line cutting , grinding and other processes required by conventional patch3 amplifier circuit design processing several problems(1) Power : This e- weighed 2 on the 5th ordinary zinc-manganese batteries (3V) or rechargeable battery (2.4V) power supply. For each level of the supply voltage circuit for this is not enough , so the choice of switching to Boost Regulator Manifold TL499A for power conversion ( Figure 3 ).The output voltage of the regulator TL499A range of up to 2.9 ~ 30V, output current of 100mA, the required input voltage range of 1.1 ~ 10V. TL499A the battery voltage up to 15V, 7.5V and then get a symmetrical voltage output through the op amp. (2) Reduce the influence of the equivalent offset voltage measurement accuracy ; bridge output signal is superimposed on a high voltage DC supply mold weak signal , you should first ensure that the power bridge to get a high degree of stability , constant current bridge uses circuitry as shown in ( 4 ) below.By the A1, R5, R6, R1 constitute a constant current source circuit for providing a high degree of stability bridge power circuit . R1-R4 constituting the detection resistance strain gauge bridge force due to the action of the force to deform the elastic body , leaving a corresponding change in strain gauge resistance , thereby weak bridge output voltage signal proportional to the force by the elastic body , Rp is zero potentiometer to adjust the bridge output to zero. A2-A5 and peripheral components of the differential amplifier . The circuit has an input impedance (300-500mΏ) high , high common mode rejection ratio (110DB). Input offset voltage (20uv) and offset voltage drift (0.25-10uv / ℃) small features, ideal for the bridge amplifier circuit form . Circuit is divided into two , the first stage consists of A2, A3 , thereby to improve the input impedance of the amplifier circuit , the second stage by the A4, A5 constitute a differential amplifier , seeking an exact match to A4 external resistor , while lower gain circuit has guaranteed small offset voltage , Rw number tune the gain of the amplifier.(3) Achieve scale transformation , the electronic scale range is divided into two ranges , the first range 0-2Kg, second range 2-10Kg, automatic conversion range fromthe circuit ( Figure 5 ).A/D conversion and the reality circuit ICL7106 completed by the manifold, range conversion by changing the reference voltage VREF 7106 implementation. Weighing comparator circuit compares the output signal of the differential amplifier composed by A6 , when the weighing scale at 0 - 1999g range, the signal is small , the comparator does not move from Rp1 adjusted reference voltage through analog switches SW1, plus to VREF end 7106 ; when weighing more than 1999g, comparator A6 flip RP2 obtained by the reference voltage signal via the analog switch SW2 to 7106 ; simultaneously output A6 control the position of the decimal point is lit LCD display.4 Test ResultsBy actual measurement , the electronic scale technical indicators are as follows : Accuracy degree level : 3 Maximum weighing : 10kgMinimum scale value : Range :0 - 1999g time error : ≤1%Range :1.999-10kg when drift : <0.1% / ℃Weight : ≤400g volume: about 110mmx80mmx35mm5 ConclusionsRenamed some of the performance characteristics of some failings , one of which is the high price , after accounting cost about 120 yuan ; Furthermore high linearity error ; function is still lacking, such as tare function , computing functions. These need to be addressed in a future circuit improvements . As electronic scales small, easy to carry , such as to further reduce costs in the civilian market will have good prospects for use A/D conversion and the reality circuit ICL7106 completed by the manifold , range conversion by changing the reference voltage VREF 7106 implementation. Weighing comparator circuit compares the output signal of the differential amplifiercomposed by A6 , when the weighing scale at 0 - 1999g range, the signal is small , the comparator does not move from Rp1 adjusted reference voltage through analog switches SW1, plus to VREF end 7106 ; when weighing more than 1999g, comparator A6 flip RP2 obtained by the reference voltage signal via the analog switch SW2 to 7106 ; Simultaneously output A6 control the position of the decimal point is lit LCD display.焦作工学院（自然科学版），第20卷，第四期，2001年7月中文译文：便携式电子秤的研制郭三明，郑均忠（焦作工学院电气工程系，河南焦作454000）摘要：目前，市场上常见的杆式秤和弹簧秤等计量器具已逐步被淘汰。

Aircell to Boost In-flight Wi-Fi SpeedBy Stephen Lawson, IDG News Mar 10, 2011 8:30 amIn-flight Wi-Fi provider Aircell unveiled plans for its second generation of wireless links from aircraft to the Internet on Wednesday, promising higher capacity and the capability to offer its service outside the U.S.Aircell equips airliners and business jets with in-cabin Wi-Fi systems and operates a network of special cellular base stations around the U.S. to send data from the Internet to the planes and back. Its Gogo service is offered by United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Virgin America and other commercial carriers, and the company also sells Gogo Biz for business jets.On planes where the airlines choose to upgrade the radio equipment, users should get about four times the speed with the new technology, according to Aircell. The main upgrade option, using a faster cellular technology, is scheduled to become available in the first half of 2012, the company said.Aircell's plan for a new generation of technology is the latest signal that in-flight Wi-Fi is here to stay. Aircell's services began to appear in 2008 after an earlier, satellite-based attempt to put passengers online, Connexion by Boeing, had failed to capture a strong following. But Wi-Fi is now available on many domestic flights in the U.S.Aircell, the biggest provider of these services, charges between US$4.95 and $12.95 depending on the length of the flight and the passenger's device. Facebook, airlines and other companies have sometimes offered special deals that make the service free.Business travelers are already demanding in-flight Wi-Fi, and more consumers will, especially the growing number of passengers with smartphones, said analyst Avi Greengart of Current Analysis."Connectivity is something that consumers are beginning to take for granted in other aspects of their lives," Greengart said.And, on flights just as in hotels and coffee shops, people are willing to pay for it, Tolaga Research analyst Phil Marshall said.Aircell will upgrade its cellular infrastructure from Revision A to Revision B of EV-DO (Evolution-Data Optimized), the 3G data technology for CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) networks. In Aircell's implementation, Revision B can increase EVDO's downstream speed from about 3.1M bps (bits per second) to 9.8M bps, according to Anand Chari, vice president of engineering. For airlines that want even more capacity, Aircell will also install satellite equipment on planes to link up with Ka-band satellites. The Ka-band system will be available in the continental U.S. in 2013 and around the world in 2015, according to Aircell.Satellite uplinks will also allow Aircell to offer services outside the continental U.S., on carriers based both in the U.S. and elsewhere. Airlines that want to provide Internet access on international flights before the Ka-band satellites become available will be able to use an existing network on the so-called Ku band, Chari said. The Ka band will be more economical, he said.Individual passengers should see better performance on their phones and laptops once the faster links are installed. Because not everyone is typically using the shared link at a given time, users are likely to get 5M bps or more, Chari said. However, there will still be limits to what they can do online on a typical flight, he added. For one thing, Aircell uses traffic engineering to make sure everyone sharing the network gets the best possible experience."If you want to sit on a plane and watch a Netflix movie, it's not going to work very well for you, because we did not build the network where everybody can watch a Netflix movie," Chari said.Aircell said in 2008 that it hoped to deploy LTE beginning in 2011 and achieve a 300M bps link from the ground to the air. However, the company doesn't yet have enough radio spectrum to use LTE, though it is working on acquiring more, Chari said. EV-DO Revision B will be a hardware and software upgrade to Aircell's existing EV-DO network, which is supplied by Chinese telecommunications vendor ZTE.EV-DO Revision B has been available for several years but was upstaged by LTE (Long-T erm Evolution), which can offer even higher speeds. Only three mobile operators in the world have deployed Revision B, according to Qualcomm, the pioneer of EV-DO. However, Aircell is better able to take advantage of the technology, Chari said. For one thing, Revision B requires a clean signal, which is harder to achieve when it has to go through walls and other obstacles, he said."We have a very unique situation: There is nothing between the aircraft and our towers," Chari said.。

附录：英文技术资料翻译英文原文：PowerBuilder Brief IntroductionPowerBuilder is a popular database application development tool manufacturer which is called PowerSoft introduced product （PowerSoft has been purchased by the database manufacturer called Sybase）, it entirely designed in accordance with the client / server architecture, in the client / server architecture, it uses the client, as a database application development tool to exist. Because of using object-oriented and visualization technologies, providing visual application development environment in PowerBuilder, allows us to be developing data and database management system database applications in the background server easily and quickly.At present, network technology is developing rapidly, with the development of the OLE, OCX, cross-platform technology, and in the latest version of PowerBuilder provides the full support of these technologies. In a word, in the database development tools, PowerBuilder is a very good product of them, we can use it to develop powerful database applications.PowerBuilder provides support in most of the current popular relation database management systems, because in PowerBuilder applications for database access part of the general international standard database query language SQL, makes using PowerBuilder development of the application can be used in different background of database management systems without revision or do a small amount of revision. That is to say, with PowerBuilder development of the application server is independent of the database management system.As the most of the windows application procedures, PowerBuilder is also event driven of the method to work. In this work method, programfor the operation has no fixed processes, the code in the program is also possible programmed for the preparation of the events, when the program began running, it can be accepted the events that are from the system, users or other applications trigger, and then execute the relevant code. Event driven methods of work is closely related to the object-oriented technology. In the PowerBuilder application, acceptance of the events is often the various visual interface object in the program.PowerBuilder is an object-oriented development tool, various common application windows, menus, and other controls in Windows are one and one targets in PowerBuilder. We can also create own user object in PowerBuilder. We should point out that the PowerBuilder provides object-oriented method of comprehensive technical support, we can make use of object-oriented methods in the object of encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and other features make the our development applications have great reusability and scalability, which is on the application in the process of the important goals in software engineering.At present, due to the development of network technology, and many different types of operating system platforms are using on the internet at the same time, this is a higher request for the development of the cross-platform application, and PowerBuilder provides a good cross-platform, for example, in PowerBuilder, using Windows platform for the development of all kinds of objects can be easily applied to the UNIX platform, because PowerBuilder supports cross-platform object. This allows the applications from one platform to another platform to become not complicated.In order to provide the user all aspects of supports, PowerBuilder has its own programming language which is called power script, in addition to providing the basic flow control statements, but also toprovide hundreds of functions to manipulate objects and all kinds of information supports such as DDE, OLE, and other aspects in this language . Furthermore, we can also define our own functions and deal with specific incidents. When we learn PowerBuilder, a part of the time is to understand and familiar with the functions in PowerBuilder.In PowerBuilder, a great feature is to propose the concept of data window. Data window object is one of the objects in PowerBuilder, it is different from other objects, because data window is specifically targeted to visit background database services, in the data window, we define data sources and data display style, so that we will be able to concentrate fully on the operation of process control procedures in application procedures, and couldn’t concern about data sources, because we have been well defined data sources in the data window. If you need to use different data in the database as long as the data is revised target window on it. In particular, we should point out that the PowerBuilder provides a wealth of data display mode in data window object, and this can meet a variety of needs.In a new version of PowerBuilder, it provides a foundation class library PFC, it provides many reusable predefined classes and objects for application procedures of development, using the basic class library PFC can enable the rapid development of high-quality reuse of good application procedures. It is really rolling power of object-oriented programming.Finally we should point out that the there are three different versions: desktop type, professional type, and enterprise type. Desktop type is for personal using of the desktop applications, where you can use the built-in PowerBuilder database management system Sybase SQL anywhere to create and use of local databases, the application for personal services; professional type of PowerBuilder most important point is to provide the support of Microsoft ODBC （databaseconnectivity standard interface）,in professional version of PowerBuilder, we can use the inheritance, polymorphism and more features; in the enterprise versions of the most important point is to provide for the development of large-scale database applications and comprehensive support, the development of large-scale applications of the many auxiliary tools, such as C++, class builder and so on.Database front-end development tool and the background database management system in a way is a very important issue. PowerBuilder provides two ways to visit the background database, the one way is standard interface through ODBC, and the second is through a dedicated interface with the database linked to the background.ODBC is called Open Database Connectivity in Chinese, it is the database connectivity standards which is proposed by Microsoft, the use of ODBC database connectivity of the first step is creating data sources, for example, we can use windows control panel under the "32 BIT ODBC" election of the drive to create a database of data sources, after finishing creating data sources, we will be able to use computers in the local definition of good background data source to access to the data in the database.We can also link to the background through a dedicated interface with the database, because dedicated interface is designed against the background of a specific database management system, by this way to access to data faster than using ODBC way to access to data. If our application is only for specific types of background database, of course, using a special interface to background information will be more faster.中文译文：PowerBuilder简要介绍PowerBuilder是著名的数据库应用开发工具生产厂商PowerSoft公司推出的产品（PowerSoft现已被数据库厂商Sybase所收购），它完全按照客户机/服务器体系结构研制设计，在客户机/服务器结构中，它使用在客户机中，作为数据库应用程序的开发工具而存在。

Construction Scheme and Technical MeasuresSection 1 Construction Preparation(A) Organizational preparationSet up project manager department, appoint someone who has excellent technology and rich construction experience, as well as corresponding project manager qualification, at the same time, select skilled construction and technical management personnel for building a project team and carrying out preparation work. Select a well organized labor construction team which starts construction of material base and other temporary facilities.(B) Preparation in construction siteCarry out unified planning, place materials according to plane layout drawing, organize erection of temporary facilities carefully, conduct unified arrangement of electricity, water supply and drainage and fire fighting facilities to facilitate smooth progress of construction and production.(C) Labor force organization1. Construction quality of our company is great, which is related to our excellent teams employed by us. In this project, excellent construction, installation and coating personnel will be transferredfrom a few best teams to build a great construction team which is reasonably organized.2. Before the commencement of construction, responsible person, technical staff, security staff and workers need to accept special energy-saving training, while construction personnel need to accept level-3 safety training.(D) Materials preparationDevelop plans for all kinds of materials, components and equipment. Carry out inspection and maintenance for those materials, components and equipment and ensure that they are in standby condition.(E) Construction equipment1. Main construction machinery is the key to quick and timely completion of the project, therefore, we must fully take features of the project, advantages and characteristics of our company in machinery and equipment into consideration so as to meet the project’s construction demands.2. Preparation of temporary production facilities.3. Erect 8-12 m2 materials base and machine warehouse near buildings according to construction requirements.(F) Coordination with residents1. The construction team needs to post “Notice and apology” letterto let the residents make appropriate preparation.2. Post “Process arrangement notice” so that the residents understand progress of the project and time arrangement.(G) Technical preparation1. Build a strong project management team, organize a management team. Organize a construction team to carry out safety preparation work and water, electricity connection.2. Ensure a great job in technical preparation. After receipt of construction drawings, budgeting member, construction workers and other relevant personnel need to be familiar with them, understand designing intent and existing problems, make records and make preparation for drawing review, so as to resolve all problems before construction. Construction workers need to carry out measurement on the basis of those, quality control personnel shall do a good job in re-testing and inspection preparation. Budgeting staff need to put forward a variety of materials plans, responsible person of construction needs to make improvements on materials plans.As for defects, omissions and deficiencies in the drawings, our company will discuss construction schemes with residents and propose feasible measures and plans according to previous construction experience.3. Construction workers shall develop great technologies, quality, safety plans and prepare all kinds of information forms, as well as ensure their timely and reliable completion.4. Do a good job in preparation of construction materials and equipment. Materials personnel need to organize material and equipment arrival, and place materials according to general construction plan, as well as place construction machinery.5. Establish onsite quality system, safety production assurance system and post responsibility systems for project personnel, and formulate all kinds of management systems and measures.6. Offer safety, quality and civilized construction education to workers so as to raise their awareness on the importance of safe and civilized construction, and their quality awareness, safety awareness, as well as civilization construction awareness.Section 2 Main Construction Program and Technical Measures Sequence of construction process:Formulate and approve construction plan->2. Prepare personnel, machinery and drawings+ clear vehicles and venue->3. Move material ->4. Put tower material in order->5. Brush paint / install grid->6. Erect tree tower->7. Inspect tower installation quality->8. Accept tower installationSafety disclosure:- Method: field trainingSpecific process:Hold interview according to skills requirement -- Screen required personnel (have climbing permit and meet construction requirements) ---- Choose training venue, formulate training document -- 1 day safety training (special place for DTV tower) –Organize test (screening) –Carry out recruitment –Offer on-site guide during implementation - Sum up problems, organize safety training and optimization of staff -- Ensure that no problem exists (there is strong safety consciousness, PPE consciously correctly wear, automatic safety equipment pass safety supervision before construction)Key points of construction safety:1. Construction workers must accept safety education and training, high-altitude operations personnel must be certified.2. Certified staff must bring with safety cap, certification certificate and clothing.3. Staff are allowed to work only after safety education and training, but they are not permitted to work alone.4. Construction workers must correctly wear safety helmets.High-altitude operation personnel’s safety helmet must contain buckle ropes to prevent the safety cap from falling.5. They shall not wear hard soled shoes when working on tower to avoid skidding and personal safety accident.6. On-site layout shall comply with qualification requirements: warning sign, safety fence, materials and equipment name. Safety range shall be more than 1.5 times height of tower. Non staff are strictly prohibited.7. All workers must strictly enforce safety work commitment system, they must sign on safety commitment notice.8．Security responsible person must check whether construction equipment is intact, i t can’t be used when crack, corrosion, damage and other defects are found.9. In case of thunderstorm weather, high-altitude operation is strictly prohibited. Construction workers are strictly prohibited to find aligning eyelet with fingers.10. All vehicles must strictly abide by traffic rules, unlicensed driving, drunk driving and fatigue driving are strictly prohibited. 11. Construction team (Chinese personnel + local team leader) must carry out safety inspection on a daily basis. All workers’ health conditions need to be known, they need to be transferred to local police station when drinking, drug abuse and physical illness arefound.12. Construction personnel shall be familiar with safety-related operational procedures and command signal.13.Winching part shall be placed in a suitable position for convenient observation and operation.14 .Length of holding rod shall not be less than 8 m, and its diameter shall not be less than 100mm. Holding rod shall be buried not less than 3-4 meters. A movable pulley shall be installed at the bottom of holding rod, and a fixed pulley shall be installed at the end of main material. Each tower leg needs steering wheel, holding rod needs enhancing waist ring, each of its side needs a technical staff for monitoring tilting degree of holding rod (not more than 15 degrees).All pulley blocks fixing ropes are not less than 3 meters high, lashing ropes wind are fixed tightly and repeatedly.15. No one is allowed to stand below when lifting, at the same time, no one shall stand in wire ropes’ loading angle.16. Tower operating personnel must check whether safety belt (or waist rope) is tightly fastened, and safety belt (or waist rope) shall not be used high and fixed low. They must be fastened on main material or solid object.17 High operating personnel must move materials or equipment with ropes, throwing is strictly prohibited.18. Foot-screws shall be used for fastening after tower is erected.19. Erecting tools must be checked and repaired before erecting to ensure that they are intact. Main tools are pulley and rope, standingderrick, ropes must be carefully checked.20. Choose an experienced staff as the commander who shall be able to communicate briefly and clearly. All construction personnel must obey the command’s order, any gossip is prohibited. If any staff cause accident due to gossip, he or she is subject to 50-100 yuan penalty. He or she may be transferred to judicial department for punishment in case of any serious case. Arguing and fighting are also strictly prohibited.21. When the end of holding rod is 0.5~1 meter above the ground, pulling must be suspended for inspection, pulling can continue only after confirming that everything is OK.All personnel (expect for commander) need to be 1.2 times height of erecting rod away. Lifted tower material shall be 0.5 -1 meter away from tower body.22. No one shall stand below holding rod; No one is allowed to use shovel, stick and top putter; Slot slide shall not be replaced with spade; Side ropes and top ropes shall not be removed before rods are thoroughly fixed; Top ropes shall not be removed before removing holding rods; Pulling suspender rope buckle and removing holding rod is not allowed when someone is operating under holding rod.23. There shall be a specially designated person when erecting holding rod, communication shall be clear and accurate.24. Construction personnel who ware in operation site shall wear safety helmets.25. In lifting operation, anyone is not permitted to stand or stay under lifted item and lifting arm, trial lifting inspection must be conducted before lifting.26. Loosing ropes is not allowed when adjusting pole and tower, and tail ropes shall be stable.27. Venue for poles and towers must be flat and solid to avoid tower deformation.28. Lifting points shall be in suitable positions, lashing ropes shall be used to realize firm binding.29. It is prohibited to remove hook before fastening fixing bolts.30. Wire ropes shall be used, their bearing capacity needs to meetcorresponding requirements.31. Because DTV is a heavy tower, it is necessary to take security measures when moving tower materials on the ground (gloves, steel crowbar and commander).Technical and quality disclosure:- Method: field trainingSpecific process:Hold interview according to skills requirement -- Screen required personnel (have tower handling permit and meet construction requirements) ---- Choose training venue, formulate training document –2-day skill training (special place for DTV tower) –Organize test (screening) –Carry out recruitment –Offer on-site guide during implementation- Sum up problems, organize safety training and optimization of staff -- Ensure that no problem exists(Skills meet requirements, team members cooperate well and follow order, in which great efficiency is realized).Technical points:1. When bolts are put in place, there shall be no gap between plane end and components.2. After tightening screw, there shall be not less than 2 pitches foranti-theft bolts, and not less than 3 pitches for ordinary bolts.3. Screws’ penetration direction must meet these requirements: horizontal column structure-from inner to outer, vertical direction-from down to up. Certain change can be made for special situation: when penetration is difficult. T ower erection, maintenance, inspection shall be carried out as soon as possible, to ensure that adjacent nodes material bending does not exceed 1/750.4. After tower erection, it is necessary to check and repair to ensure that main material bending between adjacent nodes is not more than 1/750.5. During tower erection process, it is necessary to conduct construction according to drawings. Workers need to find out reason and offer feedback to mangers when any problem is found, managers shall start treatment according to relevant provisions.6. Binding part between wire rope and iron needs soft pad.7. Painting design requirements, especially dilution degree and thickness of paint, tower material cleaning shall be taken into consideration before painting.8. Horizontally place bolting pad before installation of tower boots, and ensure 80% fastening degree.9. Put steel anchor 1 meter below the ground when fixing cutter grinding, selected direction of pulley must match winch.10．When lifting tower materials, penetrate wire rope through pulley to winch expected direction. When lifting, winding number of wire ropes shall be at least 5. At the other end, selected main materials need winding for fixing, at the same time, a safety rope is to be arranged.11. When fixing main materials for connection, use sharp wrench for bolt penetration installation, do not seek eyelets with fingers. 12. 4 to 8 people shall move the handle when using manual winch, at the same time, radio communication shall be selected, in which any noise shall be avoided to realize smooth communication.13. Requirements related to pulley. Pulley 1 is fixed at the top of derrick mast, pulley 2 is steering pulley, which is fixed in the middle of tower material; Pulley is fixed at the bottom of tower, fixing rope is 16 mm safety rope, whose length is 5m;14. Holding rod fixing: Make a 20mm hole at the bottom and top of holding rod. The hole at the bottom is for reinforce penetration, and is used for fixing the rod and main materials. Its supporting rope is a 16mm safety rope whose length is 5m. While the hold at the top is for hanging pulley block, its rope is a 16mm safety rope whose length is 5m.Specific matters needing attention in construction：(1) Drawing review management system:1．After receiving drawings, relevant personnel shall review them and make corresponding records, as well as submit them to project department.2. After receiving drawings, relevant professionals shall review conditions of process, materials and drawings. In case of any doubt on process requirements and materials source, and any conflict between relevant personnel, it is necessary to make records for timely proposal in drawing review.3. As for any problem on design content, it is necessary to offer feedback to designing party and collect relevant information to ensure smooth progress of the project.4. In construction process, drawings shall be properly kept, timely marking needs to be made for any change.5. After the completion, it is necessary to offer a complete picture for completion of works to residents.6. Technical disclosure system: the purpose of technical disclosure is to let construction personnel understand requirements of design and construction before construction so that they carry out construction according to reasonable process. Before construction,relevant personnel need to do technical disclosure work. Content of technical clarification can vary according to levels of personnel, it mainly includes drawings, design change, construction organization design, construction technology, operating procedures, quality standards and safety measures. As for new structure, new materials and new technology, detailed disclosure is required. Team leader shall organize workers for careful discussion to ensure construction requirements.7. Material acceptance system: materials acceptance is required during their arrival, material acceptance shall be carried out according to the company’s requirements, acceptance records must be complete and true. For all rented tools and equipment, professionals shall be sent for check to avoid any shortage in safety device and mechanical goods in terms of quality and quantity. Acceptance personnel shall offer written opinions on quantity and quality during acceptance results. In case of any violator during acceptance, the party concerned shall be subject to 10% of salary deduction and internal criticism.(2)Project quality inspection and acceptance system:In order to ensure quality of the project, it is necessary to carry out technical review, inspection and acceptance for sub projects according to characteristics of installation project and requirementsof rules and regulations.(3) Project quality inspection:1. Project quality inspectors must carry out inspection on each process during construction process, and make timely rectification when any deviation is found, careful inspection and recording are required for key process. Superior department shall carry out monthly inspection on construction process, and determine deadline for rectification in case of any problem in terms of construction quality and records. On-site management personnel shall submit rectification receipt after making timely rectification. (4) Master project1．Inspection project which plays a decisive role in safety, health, environmental protection and public interest during construction project.2: Repair and renovation: repair, renovation and other measures for unqualified parts.3. Rework: rework, re construction and other measures for unqualified part in project.4．Construction quality management shall have corresponding construction technology standards, sound quality management system, great quality inspection system and comprehensive construction quality level assessment system.5．Main materials, semi-finished products, finished products, construction parts, equipment used in construction project shall be subject to on-site inspection and acceptance. All safety and function-related products shall be re inspected according to quality acceptance standards, approval from supervision engineer (technical responsible person from construction unit).(5)Construction quality shall be inspected according to the following requirements:1. Construction quality shall meet these standards and relevant professional acceptance standards.2．Engineering construction shall meet requirements of engineering design documents.3. All personnel participating in construction quality acceptance shall have required qualifications.4. Construction quality acceptance shall be carried out by construction organization.5. Relevant organizations shall be informed for inspection and acceptance and make acceptance documents.6. Tested pieces and related materials shall be prepared for sampling testing according to relevant rules and regulations.7. Quality of inspection lot shall be inspected according to requirements of master project and general project.8. Important sub-project which involves using function shall be subject to sampling test.9. Those organizations which participate in sampling inspection and safety inspection need corresponding qualifications.10. Appearance quality of project shall be jointly confirmed byon-site inspection personnel.(6) Project technical archive system:The purpose of building engineering and technical archive system is to accumulate construction technology and economic information in a systematic way, ensure reasonable use and offer a basis for follow-up repair and expansion. Therefore, it is necessary to collect technical data in whole process of construction project in a true and systematic way according to certain principles and requirements, and submit all of them to relevant departments.Main content of engineering technical files includes: technical files prepared and kept by construction unit; construction organization design and experience summary; experimental research and experience summary concerning new structure, new technologies and new materials; major quality and safety accidents analysis and remedial measures; experience summary related to technical management and important technology decisions; construction logs and temporary facilities construction drawings.Technical information kept by construction unit includes: completion and acceptance proof, construction completion drawings and completed projects list (name, location and structure of completed project, layers number, quantity of projects, or quantity of installed equipment and installations; drawings review records, design change and technology approved list; materials and components qualification certificate and test record; engineering quality inspection confirmation and accident records; materials testing and inspection records; files and project-related technical decisions.(7) Technical review system:1. Technical review includes technical documents review, product quality and design requirements review in on-site construction process.2. Technical document review, responsible person reviews the following content according to drawings design and design change: process feasibility, omissions in design, timeliness of change.3. On-site technical review shall be carried out jointly by responsible technical person of project, supervisor and construction unit.4. Technical responsibility system: technical responsibility system shall be established. Construction needs to be carried out in each精诚翻译工作室五折优惠中欢迎百度搜索精诚翻译process according to relevant technical principles, regulations and enterprise management systems, engineering quality standards of project.Develop civilized site and environmental protection measures Project department shall put forward higher requirements on civilized production measures and develop a more sound system of civilized production; Aim to create a construction site, create a favorable environment for construction; Improve management system for civilized construction site, and ensure that each work is carried out in an orderly manner; Carry out construction in strict accordance with design documents, relevant engineering construction specifications and quality standards.。