英语语法分词结构
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英语语法 分词短语有哪些常见的类型
分词短语在英语语法中有多种常见的类型,下面我将介绍其中一些:
1. 现在分词短语(Present Participle Phrase):由动词的现在分词形式构成,以-ing结尾。例如:Walking in the park, she enjoyed the fresh air.(在公园散步时,她享受着新鲜的空气。)
2. 过去分词短语(Past Participle Phrase):由动词的过去分词形式构成,通常以-ed或-en结尾。例如:Surrounded by friends, she felt happy.(被朋友们包围着,她感到很开心。)
3. 完成分词短语(Perfect Participle Phrase):由助动词"have"或"had"加上动词的过去分词构成。例如:Having studied for hours, he was tired.(学习了几个小时后,他感到疲倦。)
4. 进行分词短语(Participial Phrase of Continuous Action):表示一个动作正在进行。例如:She was reading a book, sipping her tea.(她一边喝茶一边看书。)
5. 定语分词短语(Participial Phrase as an Adjective):用来修饰名词或代词,相当于一个形容词。例如:The broken window needs to be fixed.(需要修好的窗户。)
6. 独立分词短语(Absolute Participial Phrase):与整个句子相关,不与主句的其他成分有逻辑上的从属关系。例如:The sun having set, we went inside.(太阳已经下山,我们走进去了。)
7. 表语分词短语(Participial Phrase as a Predicate):用来作为主语后面的补语,描述主语的状态或特征。例如:He felt excited, seeing his favorite band perform live.(他感到很兴奋,看到他最喜欢的乐队现场演出。)
分词 分词的词态 分词的语态 分词作定语 分词作状语 连词+分词(短语) 分词作补语 分词作表语 分词作插入语 与主语动词同时发生,与主语为主动关系,用现 在分词 分词动作先于主动词的动作,且强调先后要用 having, done ,分词的完成式 分词的否定式的构成为not+分词 现在分词表主动 过去分词表示被动 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当 于一个被动语态的定语从句 分词后置 分词前置 个别分词如 given, left 分词词组 修饰不定代词something等 现在分词表主动,动作正在进行,过去分词表被 动的,已经完成的。 being done 除表达被动之外,还有动作正在进 行之意 选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主 语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选 用现在分词,反之就用过去分词 为使分词短语与主句关系更加清楚,可在分词前 加连词。连词有:when, while, after, before, as ,if though 分词作主语通常在感官动词和使役动词之后 现在分词:表示主动,正在进行 过去分词:表被动,已经完成 其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并非主句的主语 generally speaking talking of /speaking of talking all things into consideratian strictly speaking judging from all things considered
1 高二英语过去分词和现在分词专项练习
I. 单项选择
1. ____ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Having seen D. Being seen
2. I fell down and broke three of my teeth. I wonder how many times I have to come here and get my false
teeth ____.
A. fix B. fixing C. fixed D. to fix
3. We’re ___ to listen to her ____ voice. It’s ___ to hear her sing.
A. pleased; pleasing; pleasure B. pleased; pleasant; a pleasure
C. pleasing; pleased; a pleasure D. pleasing; pleasant; pleasure
4. ___a post office, I stopped____ some stamps. A. Passed, buying B. Passing, to buy C. Having passed,
buy D. Pass, to buy
5. ____with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing B. To compare C. Compared D. Having compared
6. Here are some new computer programs ____for home buildings.
现在分词和过去分词的用法
分词是一种非谓语动词,在句中不能单独作谓语,没有人称和数的变化,它可以带宾语、状语和表语构成分词短语。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词在句中可作状语、定语、补足语和表语。
1.分词作状语
分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。
1) Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. 听到消息后,他们都欣喜若狂。
2) Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word.
利用你学的词干和构词法,你就能猜猜新单词的含义。
3)The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.
学生们边说边笑地走出了教室。
4)Accompanied by his friend, he marketed his products.
在朋友的陪同下,他去推销了。
5)Given better attention, your orders will be more successful.
如果好好地办理,你的定单会更有胜算。
6) Not knowing the financial standing of the company ,they made an enquiry to the Chinese embassy in Tunis.