直接引语变间接引语专练
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- 1 - 直接引语变间接引语专练
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号；间接引语不加引号。
直接引语： Mr. Black said, “I’m busy.” 间接引语： Mr. Black said that he was busy.
一、直接引语变间接引语的基本用法：
1.如果是陈述句和感叹句，一般都变成that引导的宾语从句，口语中that可以省掉，感叹号变成句号。
①He said, “I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much.
②He often says, “What a great country China is!”
→He often remarks with admiration (that) China is such a great country.
2.如果是疑问句，变为间接引语时，要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序（主语在谓语前面）。在一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句中，用whether/if 引导。
①He said, “Are you ready?” →He asked us whether/if we were ready.
选择疑问句时，需用or, 连接词用whether
②He said, “Did Tom leave today or yesterday.”
→He asked whether Tom had left that day or the day before.
反意疑问句时，需用or not, 连接词用whether
③“You are reading, aren’t you?” he said to me. →He asked me whether I was reading or not.
如果是特殊疑问句，常变成与疑问词同型的连接词引导，问号变句号。
④She said to Tom, “How are you feeling now?” →She asked Tom how he was feeling then.
★主句中的谓语动词用said时，要改为asked, 没有间接宾语的可以加一个间接宾语me, him 或us等。
3.如果是祈使句，变间接引语时，要用tell (ask, order)someone (not) to do something 这个句型。其中是Order（命令）类的用told sb to do; Request(请求)类的用asked sb to do。
①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest.
②He said to Dr. Bethune, “Don’t go on operating any more.”
→He told Dr. Bethune not to go on operating any more.
二、直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间(地点)状语，甚至有些动词都要作相应变化。
1.人称变化通常遵循与主句的主语保持一致的原则。总的说来就是要保证意思不变。
不同人参与用三人称 “I’ll behave myself.” he promised. →He promised that he’d behave himself.
如果符合转述情景，可用一、二人称
He said, “I’ve left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room..
2.时态变化遵循“退一步”的原则。
一般现在时→一般过去时 现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→过去完成时
现在完成进行时→过去完成进行时 一般过去时→过去完成时 过去进行时→过去（完成）进行时
过去完成时→过去完成时 一般将来时→过去将来时 将来进行时→过去将来进行时
He said, “I saw the film yesterday.” →He said that he had seen the film the day before.
She said, “I have seen the film. It is good.”→She said that she had seen the film, and that it was good.
★直接引语变间接引语时，如果表示“客观真理”、出自著名作品或作家的名人名言、警句，表示认识的动词时可
- 2 - 以用原来的时态不变。
He said that light travels much faster than the sound.
The Bible says there’s no end to the writing of books.
Chaucer somewhere writes that love is blind. I know they don’t care.
3.动词的调整。 come→go He said, “I’ll come.” →He promised that he would go.
say to sb→tell, ask
表劝告的可用advise “You’d better not smoke,” said the doctor. →The doctor advised me no to smoke.
疑问句中的say→ask, wonder, want to know…
4.指示代词的调整。 this→that these→those 5.地点状语的调整。 here→there
6.时间状语的调整。 now→then today→that day tonight→that night
this week(month, etc.) →that week(month, etc.) yesterday→the day before
last week(month) →the week(month) before three days ago→three days before
next week(month, etc.) →the next week tomorrow→the next day
★以上这些变化，要根据说话的实际情况来定，不要机械照搬，假如就在当地（现场）转述，here就不必改为there;
now也不必改为then; today, yesterday等也不必改动。
7.有的要根据表达的需要，作必要的调整。如：
“Good morning.” he said. →He greeted me.
表示祝愿的虚拟用might。“God bless you!” she said. →She expressed the wish that God might bless me.
ought to, need, had better的间接引语，不变。 “You’d better not say anything about this.” he warned me.
→He warned me that I had better not say anything about that.
一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：（30分）
1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never ______ meat.
2. “I’ve found my wallet.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ ______ ______ wallet.
3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that ______ ______ _______ it home with her.
4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.
5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He ______ me that he ______ met the day ______.
6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I ______ to go ______ before five.
7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he ______ bought the house 10 years ______.
8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He ______ ______ I had seen her the week _______.
9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” He ______ Jim that he ______ sit there
10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother ______ ______ ______ found it.
11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me ______ ______ ______been ______ days.
12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked ______ ______ knew where she ______.
13. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.
He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.
14. “Don’t tell him the news.” she said. She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.
