The past tense(be)

英语过去式的变化规则The Rules of Forming the Past Tense in EnglishThe past tense in English is used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred. There are several rules for forming the past tense in English, and understanding these rules is crucial for effective communication. In this article, we will explore the various rules for forming the past tense in English and provide examples to illustrate each rule.Regular VerbsThe past tense of regular verbs is formed by adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb. For example, the base form of the verb "walk" becomes "walked" in the past tense. Similarly, the base form of the verb "talk" becomes "talked" in the past tense. Here are some more examples of regular verbs in the past tense:- play → played- dance → danced- study → studied- jump → jumped- call → calledIrregular VerbsIrregular verbs, on the other hand, do not follow the same pattern as regular verbs when forming the past tense. Instead, they have unique forms for the past tense. For example, the base form of the verb "go" becomes "went" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "eat" becomes "ate" in the past tense. Here are some more examples of irregular verbs in the past tense:- be → was/were- have → had- do → did- see → saw- take → tookVerbs Ending in "-y"When a regular verb ends in "-y," the past tense is formed by changing the "-y" to "-ied." For example, the base form of the verb "cry" becomes "cried" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "try" becomes "tried" in the past tense.- cry → cried- try → tried- marry → married- carry → carried- study → studiedVerbs Ending in a Consonant + "-y"Verbs that end in a consonant followed by "-y" form the past tense by simply adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb. For example, the base form of the verb "carry" becomes "carried" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "study" becomes "studied" in the past tense.- carry → carried- study → studied- worry → worried- hurry → hurried- bury → buriedVerbs Ending in a Single Vowel + ConsonantWhen a regular verb ends in a single vowel followed by a consonant, the final consonant is doubled before adding "-ed" in the past tense. For example, the base form of the verb "stop" becomes "stopped" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "plan" becomes "planned" in the past tense.- stop → stopped- plan → planned- rob → robbed- admit → ad mitted- occur → occurredVerbs Ending in "-e"Verbs that end in "-e" form the past tense by simplyadding "-d" to the base form of the verb. For example, the base form of the verb "like" becomes "liked" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "dance" becomes "danced" in the past tense.- like → liked- dance → danced- bake → baked- escape → escaped- hope → hopedVerbs with Two Syllables Ending in a Consonant + "-y"Verbs with two syllables that end in a consonant followed by "-y" form the past tense by simply adding "-ed" to the base form of the verb. For example, the base form of the verb "copy" becomes "copied" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "study" becomes "studied" in the pasttense.- copy → copied- study → studied- marry → married- carry → carried- worry → worriedVerbs Ending in "-l"Verbs ending in "-l" after a single vowel double the "l" before adding "-ed" in the past tense. For example, the base form of the verb "travel" becomes "travelled" in the past tense, and the base form of the verb "cancel" becomes "cancelled" in the past tense.- travel → travelled- cancel → cancelled- control → controlled- level → le velled- signal → signalledPhrasal VerbsPhrasal verbs, which consist of a verb and one or more particles (such as adverbs or prepositions), form the past tense by changing the verb part. For example, the base form of the phrasal verb "break down" becomes "broke down" in the past tense, and the base form of the phrasal verb "take off" becomes "took off" in the past tense.- break down → broke down- take off → took off- look for → looked for- give up → gave up- pu t on → put onIn conclusion, the past tense in English is formed using various rules depending on the type of verb. Regular verbs add "-ed" to the base form, while irregular verbs have unique past tense forms. Verbs ending in "-y," a single vowel + consonant, or "-e" also follow specific rules for forming the past tense, as do verbs with two syllables ending in a consonant + "-y" and those ending in "-l." Phrasal verbs change the verb part to form the past tense. By understanding and applying these rules, English learners can effectively communicate about past actions, events, and states.。

My sister enjoys _________ (play/playing) the guitar in her free time.Answer: playingExplanation: Use the gerund form "playing" after "enjoys."（在“enjoys”后面使用现在分词形式“playing”。

）The house next door needs _________ (paint/painting).Answer: paintingExplanation: Use the gerund form "painting" after "needs."（在“needs”后面使用现在分词形式“painting”。

）I'm not sure _________ (whose/who's) coat this is.Answer: whoseExplanation: Use "whose" to show possession, not the contraction "who's" which means "who is."（使用“whose”表示所有权，而不是缩写形式“who's”，后者表示“who is”。

）The cat is hiding _________ (underneath/under) the bed.Answer: underExplanation: Use "under" to show the position of the cat in relation to the bed.（使用“under”表示猫相对于床的位置。

）I need to go to the store to buy _________ (some/any) milk.Answer: someExplanation: Use "some" to show a specific quantity of milk needed.（使用“some”表示需要一定数量的牛奶。

UNIT 2-Exploring English单元能力测试卷时间：100分钟满分：120分选择题部分第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节(共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AThese people are studying English. However, they are now facing some problems.A．Pablo. B．Maria Luisa.C．Li Ping. D．Yoshi.2．What would be the best advice for Maria Luisa?A．Try to have a wide vocabulary.B．Develop a good knowledge of grammar.C．Read as many English books as possible.D．Make friends with English-speaking people.3．Why do people find it hard to understand Li Ping's English?A．She can't pronounce words in English correctly.B．She speaks at a very fast speed.C．Her grammar is terrible.D．Her voice is very low.BI ran into quite a few language problems while travelling with my family last summer. The most embarrassing was when my Mom apologized to the people we were staying with because her “pants were dirty”. They looked at her in amazement, not knowing how to react. You see, Mom had fallen over and gotten mud on her jeans. But in Bri－tain, “pants” means underpants (内裤) or knickers, not trousers as it does back home.Katie—From AmericaI went to stay with a friend on the west coast last summer. Her flat was on the first floor of a high-rise building so I got the lift up. Then I wandered round for ages looking for her flat but couldn't find it. Fed up and tired, I finally had to go out to find a phone box. She explained that her flat was on the first floor, which for me meant the ground floor.David—From Britain When I asked for the “restroom” in a big department store, people kept directing me to a room with seats where I could sit and “rest”. It took me years to get through to someone that I only wanted the toilet!Tom—From America Last summer we went on a two-week family touring holiday, so Dad hired a car over the Internet. This was an old vehicle (汽车) and there turned out to be lots of things wrong with it. When he phoned the hire company and tried to explain that the lock on the boot was broken, they thought he was talking about footwear! He had no idea their word for “boot” was “trunk”. In the end we went to a garage and just solved the problem.Mary—From Britain4．Hearing Katie's mother's words, Katie's friends were in surprise because .A．Katie's mother got mud on her jeansB．Katie's mother's underpants were dirtyC．they didn't know EnglishD．they mistook “pants” in American English for underpants5．David went out to find a phone box to .A．phone the police for helpB．phone his friend for helpC．tell his friend he couldn't go to visit herD．apologize for his being late6．When Tom asked for the “restroom”，the people around him thought .A．he wanted to go to a department storeB．he wanted the toiletC．he wanted to have a restD．he wanted a chairCWhen I lived in Spain, some Spanish friends of mine decided to visit England by car. Before they left, they asked me for advice about how to find accommodation (住所). I suggested that th ey should stay at “bed and breakfast” houses, because this kind of accommodation gives a foreign visitor a good chance to speak English with the family. My friends listened to my advice, but they came back with some funny stories.“We didn't stay at bed an d breakfast houses，” they said, “because we found that most families were away on holiday.”I thought this was strange. Finally I understood what had happened. My friends spoke little English, and they thought “V ACANCIES” meant “holidays”，because the Span ish word for “holidays” is “vacaciones”. So they did not go to house where the sign outside said “V ACANCIES”，which in English means there are free rooms. Then my friends went to house where the sign said ‘NO V ACANCIES’，because they thought this meant the people who owned the house were not away on holiday.But they found that these houses were all full. As a result, they stayed at hotels!We laughed about this and about mistakes my friends made in reading other signs. In Spanish, the word “DIVERSION” mean s fun. In English, it means that workmen are repairing the road, and that you must take a different road. When my friends saw the word “DIVERSION” on a road sign, they thought they were going to have fun. Instead, the road ended in a large hole.English people have problems too when they learn foreign languages. Once in Paris, when someone offered me some more coffee, I said “Thank you” in French. I meant that I would like some more. However, to my surprise the coffee pot was taken away! Later I found out t hat “Thank you” in French means “No, thank you.”7．My Spanish friends wanted advice about .A．driving their car on English roadsB．going to England by carC．finding places to stay in EnglandD．learning English8．I suggested that they stay at “bed and breakfast houses” because .A．it would be much cheaper than staying in hotelsB．it would be convenient for them to have dinnerC．they would be able to practice their EnglishD．there would be no problem in finding accommodation there9．“NO V ACANCIES” in English means “”．A．free rooms B．no free roomsC．not away on holiday D．holidays10．When someone offered me more coffee and I said “Thank you” in French, I .A．wanted them to take the coffee pot awayB．didn't really want any more coffeeC．wanted to express my politenessD．really wanted some more coffee第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

initive 不定詞 Past tense 過去式 Past Participle 過去分詞abide abode,abided abode,abided do did donearise arose arisen draw drew drawnawake awoke awaked,awoken dream dreamt,dreamed dreamt,dreamedbe was been drink drank drunkbear bore borne,born drive drove drivenbeat beat beaten dwell dwelt dweltbecome became become eat ate eatenbefall befell befallen fall fell fallenbeget begot begotten feed fed fedbegin began begun feel felt feltbehold beheld beheld fight fought foughtbend bent bent find found foundbereave bereaved,bereft bereaved,bereft flee fled fledbeseech besought besought fling flung flungbeset beset beset fly flew flownbet bet,betted bet,betted forbear forbore forbornebetake betook betaken forbid forbade,forbad forbiddenbethink bethought bethought forecast forecast,forecasted forecast,forecastedbid bade,bid bidden,bid foreknow foreknew foreknownbind bound bound foresee foresew foreseenbite bit bitten,bit foretell foretold foretoldbleed bled bled forget forgot forgottenblend blended,blent blended,blent forgive forgave forgivenbless blessed,blest blessed,blest forsake forsook forsakenblow blew blown forswear forswore forswornbreak broke broken freeze froze frozenbreed bred bred gainsay gainsaid gainsaidbring brought brought get got got;(US)gottenbroadcast broadcast,broadcasted broadcast,broadcasted gild gilded,gilt gildedbuild built built gird girded,girt girded,girtburn burnt,burned burnt,burned give gave givenburst burst burst go went gonebuy bought bought grave graved graven,gravedcast cast cast grind ground groundcatch caught caught grow girew grownchide chided,chid chided,chidden hamstring hamstringed,hamstrung hamstringed,hamstrung choose chose chosen hang hung,hanged hung,hangedcleave clove,cleft cloven,cleft have had hadcling clung clung hear heard heardclothe clothed,clad clothed,clad heave heaved,hove hesved,hovecome came come hew hewed hewed,hewncost cost cost hide hid hiddencreep crept crept hit hit hitcrow crowed,crew crowed hold held heldcut cut cut hurt hurt hurtdare dared,durst dared inlay inlaid intaiddeal dealt dealt keep kept keptdig dug dug kneel knelt kneltdive dived;(US)dove dived knit knitted,knit knitted,knitknow knew known partake partook partakenlade laded laden pay paid paidlay laid laid prove proved proved,provenlead led led put put putlean lesnt,leaned lesnt,leaned quit quitted,quit quitted,quitleap leapt,leaped leapt,leaped read read[red] read[red]learn learnt,learned learnt,learned rebind rebound reboundleave left left rebuild rebuilt rebuiltlend lent lent recast recast recastlet let let redo redid redonelie lay lain relay relaid relaidlight lit,lighted lit,lighted remake remade remadelose lost lost rend rent rentmake made made repay repaid repaidmean meant meant rerun reran rerunmeet met met reset reset resetmelt melted meited,molten retell retold retoldmiscast miscast miscast rewrite rewrote rewrittenmisdeal misdealt misdealt rid red,redded rid,riddedmisgive misgave misgiven ride rode riddenmislay mislaid mislaid ring rang rungmislead misled misled rise rose risenmisspell misspelt misspelt rive rived riven,rivedmisspend misspent misspent run ran runmistake mistook mistaken saw sawed sawn,sawed misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood say said saidmow mowed mown;(US) mowed see saw seenoutbid outbid outbid seek sought soughtoutdo outdid outdone sell sold soldoutgo outwent outgone send sent sentoutgrow outgrew outgrown set set setoutride outrode outridden sew sewed sewn,sewedoutrun outran outrun shake shook shakenoutshine outshone outshone shave shaved shaved,shaven overbear overbore overborne shear sheared sheared,shorn overcast overcast overcast shed shed shedovercome overcame overcome shine shone shoneoverdo overdid overdone shoe shod shodoverhang overhung overhung shoot shot shotoverhear overheard overheard show showed shown,showed overlay overlaid overlaid shrink shrank,shrunk shrunk,shrunken overleap overleapt,overleaped overleapt,overleaped swim swam swumoverlie overlay overlain swing swung swungoverride overrode overridden shrive shrove,shrived shriven,shrived overrun overran overun shut shut shutoversee oversaw overseen sing sang,sung sungovershoot overshot overshot sink sank,sunk sunk;sunken oversleep overslept overslept sit sat satovertake overtook overtaken slay slew slainoverthrow overthrew overthrown sleep slept sleptslide slid slid wear wore wornsling slung slung weave wove wovenslink slunk slunk weep wept weptslit slit slit win won wonsmell smelt;smelled smelt;smelled wind wound woundsmite smote smitten withdraw withdrew withdrawnsow sowed sown,sowed withhold withheld withheldspeak spoke spoken withstand withstood withstoodspeed sped,speeded sped,speeded work worked,wrought worked,wrought spell spelt,spelled spelt,spelled wring wrung wrungspend spent spent write wrote writtenspill spilt,spilled spilt,spilledspin spun,span spunspit spat,spit spat,spitspoil spoilt,spoiled spoilt,spoiledspread spread spreadspring sprang,sprung sprungstand stood stoodstave staved,stove staved,stovesteal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungstink stank,stunk stunkstrew strewed strewn,strewedstride strode stridden,stridstrike struck struck,strickenstring strung strungstrive strove strivenswear swore swornsweep swept sweptswell swelled swollen,swelledtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrive throve,ghrived thriven,thrivedthrow threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden,trodunbend unbent unbentunbind unbound unboundunderbid underbid underbid,underbiddenundergo underwent undergoneunderstand understood understoodundertake undertook undertakenundo undid undoneupset upset upsetwake woke,waked woken,wakedwaylay waylaid waylaidamstrung。

完整版)虚拟语气语法归纳.虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。

虚拟条件句虚拟条件句是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设。

所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反，或在现实中发生的可能性极小。

根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种：与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，以及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。

具体情况请看下表：例句：1.表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now。

I would lend it to you.If I were you。

I would tell him my true feelings.If I were a boy。

I would join the army.If she had time。

she would go with you.2.表示与过去事实相反If he had XXX your advice。

XXX't have made such a bad mistake.She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadn't been very busy.If he had XXX my advice。

he would have XXX.3.表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were Sunday tomorrow.If he were given another chance to do it again。

he could XXX.If it were to rain tomorrow。

the football match would be postponed.1.虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。

be动词的时态变化英语中的be动词（be verb）是非常常见的一个词汇，用来表示存在、状态、身份等。

而be动词除了在不同的人称和单复数形态下有变化外，还有多种时态的变化，包括现在时、过去时、将来时等。

本文将详细介绍be动词在不同时态下的变化规则。

一、现在时态（Present Tense）现在时态表示现在正在进行的动作、状态或者常态。

be动词在现在时态下的变化规则如下：1. 一般现在时（Simple Present）一般现在时用来表示经常发生的事情、客观真理、常态等。

be动词在一般现在时下的变化规则如下：I amYou areHe/She/It isWe/You/They are例如：- I am a student.- You are tall.- He is happy.2. 现在进行时（Present Continuous）现在进行时用来表示现在正在进行的动作。

be动词在现在进行时下的变化规则如下：I am beingYou are beingHe/She/It is beingWe/You/They are being例如：- I am studying.- You are watching TV.- He is writing a letter.3. 现在完成时（Present Perfect）现在完成时用来表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响。

be动词在现在完成时下的变化规则如下：I have beenYou have beenHe/She/It has beenWe/You/They have been例如：- I have been to France.- You have been busy.- He has been sick.二、过去时态（Past Tense）过去时态表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态。

be动词在过去时态下的变化规则如下：1. 一般过去时（Simple Past）一般过去时用来表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

关于英语过去式的用法过去式(past tense)是英语语法的一种，表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。

你都知道吗?接下来小编在这里给大家带来英语过去式的用法，我们一起来看看吧!英语过去式的用法过去式(past tense)是英语语法的一种，表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。

动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

⒈过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示。

⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。

规则动词一般动词直接加-ed，e.g.look-looked;以e结尾的动词直接加-d，e.g.dance-danced;辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i再加ed，e.g.study-studied;以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w，y，x除外)，双写这个辅音字母加-ed，e.g.skip-skipped;以l结尾的动词，若以非重读音节结尾，则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。

其中不双写的是美式拼写。

e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。

部分以-p结尾的动词同样遵循第5条，这类词多由“前缀+名词”构成。

e.g.worship-worshipped/worshiped(U.S.)、handicap-handicapped/handicaped(U.S.)。

注：英语26个字母中，除了a，e，i，o，u 这几个元音字母外，其他都是辅音字母。

不规则动词动词过去式与原形相同;动词过去式以-ought或-aught结尾;动词过去式由原形结尾的-end变为-ent;动词过去式以-elt，-eft，-ept结尾;动词过去式与原形比较，其中一个元音字母发生改变;动词过去式以-ew结尾;动词过去式-ee-变为-e-。

一般过去时(the past simple tense)用法：1.表示过去确定时间内发生的动作或状态，常与yesterday,last year, ago, once upon a time, just now, recently, during the day, for many years ect.2.表示过去连续发生的动作3.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作，常与always ,never连用4.在since引导的从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

5.在时间，条件状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来时结构：肯定：主+动词过去式+其他否定：主+wasn’t/weren’t +其他主+didn’t +动原+其他一般疑问句：was/were+主+动原+其他？Did +主+动原+其他？练习Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Jenny (not go to bed) until 11:00 o’clock last night.2.I (see) Li Lei (go) out just now.3.He (do) his homework every day. But he (not do)it yesterday.4.When I was young, I (play) games with my friends.5. She likes _________ newspapers, but she _________ a book yesterday. (read)6. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _________.7.It ____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ___ (go) to his office by car.8.I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. (pick)9. Jim's mother _________ (plant) trees just now.10.He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)Ⅱ.改错1.How is Jane yesterday?2.What did he last week?3.Did you saw him just now?4.H e often goes home at 11:00 last month.5.Tom wasn’t watch TV last night.6.Tom suddenly is ill last night and have to stay at homefoeanother day.Ⅲ.改写句子1.I watched the night sky for about an hour. 改为否定句2.He waited for you three hours ago. 改为一般疑问句3.Was he a doctor two years ago? 做否定回答4.She went shopping with her friends. 对划线部分提问5.Karen had extra classes next week. 对划线部分提问。