2016—2018年高考全国卷英语语法填空完整版.doc

全国一卷英语真题语法填空专练【题型探究】全国各地使用全国卷一的省份越来越多，对该套系列试卷进行研究就显得很有必要。

语法填空题型首次出现在全国卷是2014年，该题型是在取消单选之后的新题型，一改单选题的机械、枯燥和死板，特别注重考查学生在语境的实际运用语言的能力。

该题型也经历了一些细微的调整，从2014年题干要求“在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式”，到2015年的“用不多于1 个单词的正确形式填空”，一直到今天的“在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

”，可以看出命题越来越成熟，越来越科学，也是以后会继续采用的高考英语题型。

【做题基本技巧】1.区分有提示词和无提示词2.无提示词一般填介词、代词、连词、冠词、副词3.有提示词名词一般变复数或者词性转换，代词一般变所有格或宾格，形容词变比较级和最高级以及转化词性4.动词需要区分所在句子此处是谓语还是非谓语，谓语动词一般考虑时态和主谓一致，被动语态等，非谓语一般考查to do, doing, done的具体用法。

【2020·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess ___61___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’sfar side is ___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular___64___ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山)，more so ___65___ the familiar near side. Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. ＂This really excites scientists,＂Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ___68___ (construct)＂Data about the moon’s composition, such as how ___69___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.【2019·全国卷I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

专题一语法填空Group 1冠词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ________ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla(大猩猩), who begins screaming at ________ top of her lungs.3．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Instead, she is earning 6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, ________ other is with mum — she never suspects.7．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.Group 2介词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I was searching ________ these three western lowland gorillas(大猩猩) I'd been observing.2．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects...3．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]．..and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.5．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.7．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.Group 3连词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'm not sure ________ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________ is not good for the health.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.6．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter...7．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]So, get an early start and try to be as productive ________ possible before lunch.8．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]In much of Asia, especially the so­called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __________ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.9．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Over time, ________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.10．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.Group 4名词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________ (cause)．2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]This switch has decreased ________ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I'm a ________ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]This trend, ..., has had some unintended side ________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease...5．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________ (crowd) on the roads...6．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This development was only possible with the ________ (introduce) of electric-powered enginesand lifts.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]She is determined to carry on with her ________ (educate)．9．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]The nursery team switches him every few ________ (day) with his sister...10．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top ________ (attract)．11．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Recent ________ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________ (achieve)．13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius influenced the ________ (develop) of chopsticks.Group 5代词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give ________ a try.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]When the gorillas(大猩猩) and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________ (they) alive.3．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using ________ every day.4．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by ________ (it) mother.Group 6形容词、副词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ________ (long) than non-runners.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]Running is cheap, easy and it's always ________ (energy)．3．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]A taste for meat is ________ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.4．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ________ (globe) fertilizer consumption.5．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]He screams the ________ (loud) of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]However, be ________ (care) not to go to extremes.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even ________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]．..and it must have been ________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.10．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]It is ________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be ________ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________ (gradual) turned into chopsticks.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________ (regular)．14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of ________ (great) and less importance.Group 7谓语动词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it ________ (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Since 2011, the country ________ (grow) more corn than rice.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ________ (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder！”4．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]When fat and salt ________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.5．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ________ (be) full of fat and salt.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success...7．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]Later, engineers ________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),which became known as the Tube.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]Sarah ________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time.9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school ________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling.10．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I ________ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________ (be) often acceptable.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]It could be anything — gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, ________ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Truly elegant chopsticks might ________ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________ (be) too violent for use at the table.Group 8非谓语动词1．[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]You don't have to run fast or for long ________ (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running.2．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ________ (improve) water quality.3．[2018·全国卷Ⅱ]China's approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen V oegele.4．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel ________ (challenge)．5．[2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch.6．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.7．[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ____________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.8．[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]This included digging up the road, __________(lay) the track and then building a strong roof...9．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest)．10．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.11．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]I was the first Western TV reporter ________ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.12．[2016·全国卷Ⅰ]My ambassadorial duties will include ________ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research center in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.13．[2016·全国卷Ⅱ]If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely ________ (bring) your work home.14．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal ________ (create) special designs.15．[2016·全国卷Ⅲ]People probably cooked their food in large pots, ________ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it. Group 1 1.the 2.the 3.a 4.the 5.a 6.the 7.aGroup 2 1.for 2.as 3.from 4.in 5.to 6.on 7.withGroup 31.which/that 2.which/that 3.who 4.which 5.who 6.when 7.as 8.and 9.when/as 10.who Group 4 1. causes 2. pollution 3. scientist 4 effects 5.crowds 6.introduction 7.invitationscation 9. days 10.attraction 11.studies 12. achievement 13.developmentGroup 5 1. it/running 2. them 3. it 4. itsGroup 6 1.longer 2.energetic 3.actually 4.global 5.loudest 6.careful 7.worse 8.fairly9.successful 10.certainly 11.officially 12.gradually 13.regularly 14.greaterGroup 7 1.is 2.has grown 3.meant 4.are move 5.is 6.were used 7.managed8.was told/has been told es 10.was allowed 11.is 12.make 13.be made 14.wereGroup 8 1.to see dying 2.to improve 3.feeding 4.looking challenged 5.to stay 6.to process 7.eatingying 9.resting 10.to prove 11.permitted 12.introducing 13.to bring 14.to create ing。

定语从句高考真题2010-20182018 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.(2018·全国Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease.2.(2018 全国II)Between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing programgives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers.3.（2018 浙江）Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries.4.（2018•北京）She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.5.（2018 天津）Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.6.（2018 江苏）Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.7.（2018 北京）The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.2017 年高考英语定语从句汇编1.（2017 天津）My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.2.(2017 江苏)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.3.(2017 北京)The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.4.(2017)The publication of Great Expectations, was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.5.(2017 江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of it used to charge.6..(2017 全国Ⅲ)Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains.7..(2017 全国I) It is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.2016 年高考英语定语从句汇编1．(2016·江苏)Many young people，most of were well－educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.2．(2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，the weather may be better.3．(2016·天津)One day，mentally exhausted，I wrote down all the reasons this problem could not be solved.4．(2016·浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of has been proved.5．(2016·浙江)I made friends with the natives，and their reaction amazed me.They gave me presents of their favorite artworks they had refused to sell to tourists.6．(2016·四川)One important biological factor helps women live longer is the difference in hormones between men and women.7．(2016·北京)I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.8．(2016·北京)So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los AngelesZoo，they are treated with calcium EDTA，a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.9．(2016·全国Ⅰ)A nurse understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.10．(2016·全国Ⅰ)I had one trip last year I was caught by a hurricane in America.11..(2016 全国I) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter。

绝密★启封前2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语试卷类型A第三部分英语知识运用第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 68 (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum―she never suspects.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

全国卷真题-语法填空高三英语备课组(2014全国卷1)Are you facing a situation that looking impossible to fix? In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It was unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it actually caught fire and burned. Now years later,this river is one of 63________ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.But river wasn’t changed in a few days 64________ even a few months. It took years of work to reduce industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever.Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67________ is driving your family crazy. Possibly yo u drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use. When you face such impossible situation, don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately.While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be patient.（2014课标2）One morning , I was waiting at the bus stop , worried about being late for school .There were many people waiting at the bus stop , 62 some of them looked very anxious and disappointed .When the bus finally came , we all hurried on board .I got a place next 64 the window , so I had a good view of the sidewalk .A boy on a bike caught my attention .he was riding beside the bus and waving his arms . I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver , but he refused to stop until we reached the next stop .Still , the boy kept riding . He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting .Finally , when we came to the next stop , the boy ran up to the door of the bus . I heard an excitedconversation .Then the driver stood up and asked, “ 68 anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop ?” A woman on the bus shouted , “Oh dear “ It is mine”.She pushed herway to the driver and to the little boy .Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done .And the passengers suddenly became friendly to one another .Yangshuo, China（2015课标I）It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours 62 , I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with its choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 64 are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead, I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away 66 car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.（2015课标2）The adobe dwellings (土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62 most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat slowly during cool nights, thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day;67 the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle goes day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70 thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.（2016课标1）Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction.So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I was allowed to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be officially given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by its mother. The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum —she never suspects.（2016课标II）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achieve ment. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is often acceptable.Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly. Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to bring your work home. It could be anything ― gardening, cooking, music, sports — but whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than anotherthing to worry about.（2016课标3）In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 61 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might be made of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to created special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots,using twigs(树枝) to remove it. Over time, 65 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which gradually turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 67 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 70 their hands.（2017课标1）There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease —the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try tomake up for that something missing. Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be careful not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.（2017课标2）In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.Later, engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.（2017课标3）She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting. Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 62 model in New York.Sarah was told that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a milliondollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school comes first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is certainly fun but the lifestyle is a little unre al. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂（2018课标1）According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years longer than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long to see the benefit. You may drink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running.While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to strengthen your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and it's always energetic.If you are a time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.（2018课标2）Diets have changed in China-and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country has grown more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increasedonly 7 percent.A taste for meat is actually behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattl e. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve water quality. Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased pollution in the country’s maj or lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005-when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放）of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China’s approach to protecting its en vironment while feeding its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen V oegele.（2018课标3）I’m not sure 61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I’m walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the loudest of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes s o he doesn’t feel challenged.My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a scien tist who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant me no real harm. He was just saying: "I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder!"Once his message was delivered, he allowed me to stay and watch.。

历年高考语法填空真题1. (2018全国卷I)阅谈下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years61(long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 ________ (die) early by running.While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a merefive to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes. Runningis cheap, easy and it’s always 69(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.2. (2018全国卷II)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

历年高考语法填空真题1. （2017全国Ⅰ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界）61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.2. （2017全国Ⅱ）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。