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Lession 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The goverment of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is amied at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,takenby residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(nonholiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, fora period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)Chuna（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stayby people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise sgip游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义Lession 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environmens of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexibile services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday isflexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive withmass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still takong advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destinationoriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Comsumers look at the enviroment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday ecperience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Lession 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operatprs旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lession 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveller called an international excurionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They syggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of demostic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用Lession 5Determining Fctors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ inceased edycational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effeces on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thrist, rest, activicyb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻accomodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objecttive最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Lession 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involeup to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Lession 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase oftravel.4)Range of serives（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialisation of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s sucess(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travellers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilitiesworld-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirmentsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuig travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaning accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaning and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competenely operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）ratail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyaity对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travellers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Lession 8 The Tour Brochure(旅游宣传册)1.The inportant role of the brochure(重要角色):It is a vital marketing tool, being the main influence on thecustomer’s decision to buy.2.package tour brochure（包价旅游手册）：It can be described as falling to three categories---shell folders/umbrella brochures/ regular tour brochures.rmation required in the brochure（手册里的内容）a)The name of the firm respp\onsible for the inclusive tourb)The means of transport used, including, in the case of air transports, the name of the carrier(s), type andclass of aircraft used and whether scheduled or charter aurcraft are operatedc)Full details of destinations, itinerary and times of traveld)The duration of each tour(nimber of days/nights’ stay)e)Full description of the location and type of accomodation provided, including any mealsf)Whether services of a representative are available abroadg) A clear indication of the price for each tour, with any extras charged clearly shown on the same pageh)Exact details of special arrangementsi)Full conditions of booking, including details of cancellation conditionsj)Details of any optional or compulsory insurance coveragek)Details of documentation required for travel to the destinations featured, and any heslth hazards or inoculations recommended4.Ways of reducing wastage（减少浪费的方法）:By establishing standards against which to monitor theperformance of travel agents.Notes:Tour brochure旅游宣传册marketing tool市场营销工具design studio设计室publicity material宣传品intangible product无形产品advertising agency广告公司computer grahic packages计算机图形包in-house computer内部计算机lay out设计fall into分为，陷入（某状态）tailor-made预先安排的tour basing fares包价旅游票价run to多达long-haul and short-haul长途和短途house name公司名称games room游艺室insurance coverage保险范围running off印出invest in投资于cut down削减distribution to分发put on增加associate with与...联系在一起。
旅游英语：PillarsTravellogToHEISHUI旅游英语：Pillars Travellog To HEISHUIHello,I am just back from HEISHUI KALONGGOU valley, now sharing my journey with you. It was very cold there, freezing, snowing, but interesting.TRAVELLOGThe unexpected mud-flood prolonged our trip to 12 hours,4 hours longer than original. More than 10000 automobiles had piled up along the road since WENCHUAN. At 19'o clock we got HEISHUI county, which is remote and light populated. The 1st impression came to me was the free life style. The majority of the population there is TIBETAN, but most of the shop-owners are HAN people who were laid off from factories in different cities. Some of them have been there for years leading a poor but simple life.DAY 1 ON ARRIVALExcited, and tired(becaused of the prolonged trip)getting off the bus, we ran into a local tour guide waiting for his group(probably delayed by the mud-flood). From him we got a bargain accomodation(20RMB each night). after laid down our heavy backpacks, we started our search in the town for food, but it's frustrating for there was no special flavor. anyhow, a twice-cooked meal and noodles refreshed my body. On our way back to the hostel, a shop drew my attention. it sold tibetan clothes. i chose a gilet for myself, while my girl asked for a made-to-order. In those gilets, we continued our hunt in the town. our strange dressing style attracted many local eyes on us, and a bunch of local children at our heels. A HAN shop-owner even carefully asked us if we are HAN or TIBETAN.(giggle)finished this day with a comfortable sleep in the hostel, which was small but clean.DAY 2 TO THE KALONGGOU VALLEY TOURIST ATTRACTION Early in the morning,after the daily cleaning task, i stepped out into the yard. At the very moment a snow mountain came into my eyes. With all the gears on my back, we came to bus station, but was told there was no regular bus to the spot which means we had to rent a minibus. Expensive, but it was the only solutio。
旅游英语选读自考题-4(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.1. Maintenance and provision of hotel services are the responsibilities of the ______ department ina hotel.A. food and beverageB. salesC. personnelD. engineering2. The experience of riding aboard the Orient Express was reintroduced in ______ after a complete restoration of the train had **pleted.A. 1995B. 1983C. 1970D. 19903. Most travel principals sell their products to consumers through the medium of ______, which have been in existence for more than a hundred years.A. potential travellersB. travel agentsC. businessmenD. salesmen4. Package tour brochures can be described as falling into the following three categories EXCEPT ______。
旅游英语选读常见单词（复习资料）A boom resort兴旺发展的旅游胜地 A buoyant level of tourism蓬勃发展的旅游业A form of modern consumer behavior现代消费行为的一种形式A lay-over短暂停留 A leakage流失资金 A minor fiscal muisance一项小小的财政事务A net deficit净逆差 A strange international tourism sector实力强大的国际旅游服务部门A study tour考察旅游Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施Accounting department财务部Accreditation services审定工作Advertising agency广告公司Air fares航空票价Air France法国航空公司Air taxi出租飞机服务All and sundry全部,所有的人All walks of life各阶层All-inclusive package tours价格全包旅游An accelerator concept加速器原则An invisible payment on Britain’s balance英国账目上的无形支出Annual receipts年收入Arts and craft工艺美术As far as the demand for travel services is concerned就旅游服务的需求而言ASEAN countries东南亚国家联盟August Bank Holiday八月银行假日August bodies权威机构Back office system后台办公系统Baggage checks行李票Balance of payments with the outside world对外收支平衡Balance of payments收支平衡Basic point-to point air fares两地间基本航空运作Be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务Bermuda百慕大群岛Boeing757波音757 British Airways英国航空公司Burgeoning tourism industry刚刚萌芽的旅游工业Business travel agent专门经办商务旅游的代理商Business traveler商务旅游者cable cars缆车Capital investment资本投资Car hire小汽车出租Carry capacity运载能力Charter aircraft包机Charter flights包机航班Chief engineer总工程师Come into service开始投入使用Commissions佣金Commuter airlines地方短距离运输航空公司Computer graphic package计算机图形包Conditions旅游中条件或服务项目Congloments联合大企业Contracting countries签约国Controller or chief accountant财务部总审计师或总会计师Convention hotels会议饭店Cottage industries家庭手工业Cross-border travel横穿边境的旅行CRS)Computer reservations system计算机预系统Cruise ships巡游船CTC )Certified travel counselors持有证书的旅游顾问Culinary arts烹调艺术Cultural visit文化旅游Customized services按要求提供的服务项目Dealers in dreams销售梦幻Densely crowed cities人口稠密的地方Design studio设计室Diagonal intergration斜向联合Domestic tourism 国内旅游Dorminant paradig, 主要形式Dwell on 详述Ecosysytems生态系统Education visits教育旅游，休学旅游Empty nesters没有孩子拖累的家庭（空巢效应）En route在途中End objective最终目标Enhancing human capital through training and education通过教育与培训来增强人力资本的势力Enjoy more preferential government policies享受政府更多的优惠政策Enter into the very fabric of life走入真正的生活当中去Entrepreneurial skills and ingenuity企业经营技巧与创新Ethnic minority groups少数民族European Community欧洲共同体Excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括Executive aircraft公务飞机Executive housekeeper客房部主管Exhaust fumes废气Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组Extras各种额外费用Flag-carrier以国家航运为主业的国家航空公司Frequent flyer programmes飞行常客奖励计划Frontier formalities边境手续Games room游艺室Gard currency硬通货Gard-wired硬接线Generating areas旅游产生地Given no commensurate decline in living standards在不考虑生活水准大幅下降的情况下GNP) Gross national product国民生产总值High-spend visitors高消费游客Hold for old and new tourism用于旧旅游和新旅游Hotel chains饭店联号Impulse purchasing 冲动购买In the event of customer complaints如果顾客提出投诉In the form of holographs一全息照片的形式Inbound tourism入境旅游Income multiplie收入乘数Independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游Indulge in尽情享受Industry code of conduct行业行为规范In-flight magazines机上杂志In-house compute公司内部使用的计算机Instant culture文化快餐Insurance coverage保险范围Internal tourism境内旅游International tourism国际旅游Inter-office computer linkups办公室间的计算机连用Into its initial stage in the development cycle进入发展周期的初始阶段Invisible receipt无形收入Invisibles无形商品Itineraries旅游活动日程，旅游路线ITX)Inclusive Tour Excursion游览包价旅游Jet airliner喷气式飞机Jurisdictions管辖区Kurtaxe 疗养税Labor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业Lay analyst非专业分析Leisure time余暇Lesser developed countries较不发达国家Load factors飞机载客率，机座占有率Local color地方色彩Long-haul and short-haul长途和短途Long-haul domestic travel国内长距离旅游Make a profit 获得利润Make ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出Management know-how管理方面的实际技巧，经验Market oriented reforms以市场为导的改革Market segmentation市场细分Marketing tool市场营销工具Mass tourism大众旅游Monorails operated by magnetism靠磁力运行的单轨铁路More green更有环境保护意识Multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客National income国民收入National tourism国家级旅游Nature preserves/reserves自然保护区Need deficiencies需求不足Net discretionary incomes可以随意支配的收入Non-commodity currency非商品货币Non-profit overseas offices非营利性海外机构OECD)the organization for Economic cooperation and development经济合作与发展联盟On a case by case basis依据具体情况处理的原则Outbound tourism出境旅游Overseas Chinese海外华人Package tour包价旅游Paid holiday带薪假日Pay a premium交学费Peripheral environment周边环境Pleasure craft游乐船Police registration出境证明Potential travelers潜在的旅游者Preferential policies优惠政策Price inelastic无价格弹性Profit-making corporation盈利公司Publicity material 宣传品Purchasing agent采购员Purchasing power购买力pylons架线塔Quick access to information信息途径快捷Rare flora and fauna珍稀植物和动物Rates of inflation通货膨胀Recreation vehicles娱乐，行宿两用车Refusal to grant exit permits拒绝发放出境证明Relieving the pressure on other rural areas减轻时其他乡村地带的压力Repeat business回头客带来的生意Retail agencies 零售旅行社Return on sales销售回报Round trip往返旅行Round-the-world trip环球旅行Sales/distribution outlets销售网点Sand dunes沙丘Scale economies规模经济Scheduled liner定期客轮Scheduled or charter services不定期客运或包机服务Scope economies范围经济Severe environmental degradation from heavy usage由于使用频繁而造成的严重的环境恶化Ski pistes滑雪道skyscraper hotel syndrome摩天宾馆综合症society environmental needs社会环境需求source of revenue收入来源specialist operators专营某种旅游的经营商specialized tourism专项旅游stand-by fares候补票价subsidized exchange rates特别补贴兑换率Sunbathing日光浴tailor-made services特别服务项目target markets目标方面target sales目标销售额tax receipts税收收入terra cotta warriors and horses兵马俑tertiary industry第三产业the “Grand Tour”大旅游the aircraft is placed at the desposal of the operator飞机提供旅游自由支配the balance of payments on the tourism account旅游账目的收支平衡the budge market廉价市场the Caribbean Community加勒比共同体the deep-seated traditions根深蒂固的传统the done thing 合乎俗礼的事the drawing power吸引力the East Caribbean Common Market加勒比海共同市场the ecological balance生态平衡the Eurasian Continent欧亚大陆the Far East远东the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the idea of prepotency优先原理The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics联合国统计委员会the International Monetary Fund国际货币基金组织the jargon of marketing营销学的术语the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the local share of the market当地市场份额the luxury market豪华市场the midscale market中级市场the mode of travel旅行方式The National Travel Survey国民旅游调查the supply and demand equilibrium供求平衡关系the support services辅助服务the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development联合国贸易与发展The US Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心TIM)Tourism Income Multiplier旅游收入增值to give full exposures to China’s tourism resources以充分展现中国的旅游to have family reunions举家团聚to package their own tours组合自己的报价旅游tour basing fares航空包价旅游票价tour brochure旅游宣传册tourism boom旅游业的繁荣Tourist interests旅游者权益Tourist operators旅游经营商Transit travelers过境旅游者Travel for travel’s sake为旅游而旅游Travel principals旅游经营商Travel retailers旅游零售商/代理商Trunk route airlines干线航空公司Umbrella brochure伞式宣传册Unit costs单位成本United Nations General Assembly联合国大会V AT)Value added tax增值税Vertical integration垂直合并Visual pollution视觉污染Wind erosion风蚀Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传Word of mouth 口碑World cultural heritage世界文化遗产Low countries低地国家vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会air carriers航空公司waybills运货单accreditation services审定工作ICAO)the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织PATA) The Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会（太亚旅协）disposable income 可自由支配的收入non-residential travel 非居住地旅游natural reserve 自然保护区Sustainable development 可持续发展Discretionary time 可自由支配的时间Ethnic tour 民俗风情游Contrived attractions 人文旅游景点Invisible products 无形产品Cultural heritage 文化遗产Package tour 包价旅游Landscape poetry 山水诗Maritime commerce 海上贸易Outbound tourists 出境旅游者Complete harmony of man and nature天人合Foreign exchange income 外汇收入Nation of tourists 旅游容源国Temper one's wills 磨炼意志Offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth 封禅Terracotta soldiers and horses 兵马俑A carefree journey 逍遥游Encyclopedic knowledge 渊博的知识（万事通）Cultural accomplishment 文化素养To be chest out and stomach in 挺胸收腹A land of protocol 礼仪之邦Customers foremost ,service best 宾客第一服务至上Eye contact 眼神交流Psychological qualities 心里素质Repeated customers 回头客Courtesy and etiquettes 礼貌礼仪Personal hygiene 个人卫生The Marble Archway 牌坊Spring at Su Causeway 苏堤春晓Three Pools Mirroring the Moon 三潭映月Peak Flown From Afar 飞来峰The Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔The Hall of Supreme Harmony 太和殿The Hall of Praying for Good Harvest 祈年殿Listening to Orioles Singing in the Willows柳浪闻莺The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang 秦始皇兵马俑The Forest of Stone Tablets 西安碑林Buddhist Paradise 极乐世界To do service 做礼拜The Theory of Five Elements 五行学说Book of Changes 易经Do not to do others what you do not want done to yourself 己所不欲勿施于人The art of Buddhist figures 佛像艺术The Temple of Three Pures 三清宫The Temple of Town God 城隍庙Make a pilgrimage to Mecca 朝觐麦加Easter 复活节Sutra Library 藏经阁Old Homes in the southern Anhui 皖南古居The Palace of Earthly Tranquility 坤宁宫Glazed tiles 琉璃瓦Circular stone terrace 圆形汉白玉台基Timber structure 木结构Place of excellent geomantic quality 风水宝地The symmetrical plain layout 对称平面布局Stone animals and human statues 石像生The Main Buddha Hall 大雄宝殿Art of gardening 造园艺术Monastery gardens 寺庙园林Come back to nature 回归自然View borrowing 借景The Mountain-in-View Tower 见山楼The zigzag bridge 曲桥View hindering 障景The Bonsai Garden 盆景园Inscribed tablets 匾额楹联Water-side pavilions 水榭Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 蚂蚁上树Traditional medicine and food share a common origin 衣食同源Savory and Crisp Duck 香酥鸡Clear Stewed Meatballs in Yangzhou清炖扬州狮头Stewed mixed vegetables 罗汉斋Chicken cubes with chili peppers 辣子鸡丁Vegetarian "chicken " 素鸡Table manners 餐桌礼仪Eight treasure porridge 八宝粥Melon carving arts 瓜雕艺术Bodiless lacquer ware 脱胎漆器Elegant modelling and lustrous color造型大方.色泽光润Hand-stitching work 挑花An embroidery bamboo scroll 刺绣竹卷轴画Glazing techniques 上釉技术Neolithic relics 新石器时代遗址Yixing Zisha (Purple Clay )ware 宜兴紫沙陶Veined porcelain 纹片瓷The double-sided embroidery 双面绣Chrysanthemum stone carving 菊花石雕The Autumnal Equinox 秋分Height Ascending Festival 登高节Nature walks in spring 踏青Dragon Boat Racing 龙舟赛Stamping on the Flower Hill Festival踩花山节Grain in ear 芒种Set off firecrackers 放鞭炮Cultural connotations 文化内涵Walk on stilts 踩高跷Enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum 赏菊Intercultural communication 跨文化交际Interaction function 交互功能Verbal greetings 言语问候Intonation patterns 语调模式High context culture 高文化语境Language barriers 语言障碍Cultural difference factors 文化差异因素Drop one's voice to a low pitch 降低声调Culture shock 文化休克Behavior patterns 行为方式Look somebody in the eye 正视M-time and P-time 单一性时间观与多样性时间观Eye movement 眼部动作Touching behavior 触摸行为Culture acquisition 文化习得To kill time 消磨时间Nonverbal behaviors 非言语行为sit cross -legged翘二郎腿To save face 顾全面子Space orientation 空间取向Rule of protocol 礼仪规范Exchange pleasantries 寒暄Ethnic heritage 民族传统Put a burden on 增加负担A floral arrangement 饰有花卉图案的安排表Etiquettes and taboos 礼仪与禁忌Good quality wine 优质葡萄酒Lightly kissing on the cheeks 轻吻脸颊a token of affection 慈爱表现The extended family 大家庭Lesson 1 What is tourism?1.Four different perspectives of tourism(要考虑的四个不同方面)：The tourist / The business providingtourist goods and services / The government of the host community or area / The host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism(旅游定义的重要性)：Each of the many definitions thathave arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem,and the lack of uniform definitions has hampered study of tourism as discipline.3.One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities tounderstand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted.4.WTO definitions(WTO 下的定义)1)The definitions of tourism(旅游)：Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and stayingin places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,business and other purposes.2)The definitions of international tourism(国际旅游)a)Inbound tourism(入境旅游):visits to a country by nonresidentsb)Outbound tourism（出境旅游）:visits by residents of a country to another country3)The definitions of internal tourism（境内旅游）:visits by residents of a country to their own country4)The definitions of domestic tourism（国内旅游）: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourismmarket of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)5)The definitions of national tourism（国家级旅游）: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(theresident market tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined by...(其他国家或地区定义)1)The United States(美国)：A tourist is one who travels away from home for a distance of at least 50miles(one way) for business, pleasure, personal affairs,or any other purpose except to commute to work,whether he stays overnight or returns the same day.2)Canada（加拿大）:nonresident travelers, resident travelers, and other travelers.Both nonresidenttravelers and resident travelers include both same-day and business muters are included and are not distinguished from other same-day business travelers. Other travelers consist of immigrants, former residents, military personnel, and crews.3)The United Kingdom（英国）:It measures all trips away from home lasting one or night or more,takenby residents for holidays,visits to friends and relatives(non holiday), or for business, conferences, and most other purposes.4)Australia（澳大利亚）:A person visiting a location at least 40 km from his usual place of residence, fora period of at least 24 hours and not exceeding twelve months.5)China（中国）：The sum of all the phenomena and relations arising from the travel and temporary stayby people who have left home to go to other places to visit.Notes；Leisure time余暇 a study tour考察旅游 a wilderness park天然公园vital to对...至关重要the rail of a cruise ship游船栏杆make a profit获得利润tax receipts税收收入the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入the sum total收入乘数august bodies权威机构...arriving at a consensus达到统一round trip往返旅行narrow operational definitions只限于实际操作的定义come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted做出一个能被普遍接受的定义The League of Nations联合国WTO：World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织OECD：Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics 国际旅游统计会议The United Nations Statistical Commission 联合国统计委员会International tourism国际旅游Inbound tourism 入境旅游Outbound tourism 出境旅游Internal tourism 国际旅游Domestic tourism 国内旅游National tourism 国家级旅游The National Travel Survey（美国）国民旅游调查The U.S. Travel Data Center 美国旅游资料中心Round trip 往返旅行Hospitality industry 旅游服务业One-way trip 单程旅游China Tourism Statistic Annual 中国旅游统计年鉴The United Kingdom Tourism Survey 英国旅游调查The National Tourist Board of England 英格兰国家旅游委员会Lesson 2 Mass tourism and New tourism1.Modern tourism1)The Grand Tour（大旅游）:A tour of certain cities in Western Europe undertaken primarily, but notexclusively for education and pleasure.2)The first package holiday built around air transport:This was undertaken by Vladimir Raitz, aRussian emigre educated at the London School of Economics.2.Mass tourism（大众旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:standardization and rigidity2)Four conditions（4个条件）:a)The holiday is standardized, rigidly packaged and inflexible.No part of the holiday couldbe altered except by paying higher prices.b)The holiday is produced through the mass replication of identical units, with scaleeconomies as the driving force.c)The holiday is mass marketed to an undifferentiated clientele.d)The holiday is consumed en mass, with a lack of consideration by tourists for local norms,culture, people or the environment of tourist receiving destinations.3.New tourism（新旅游）1)The characteristics（特点）:one of the key characteristic s of the new tourism is flexibility---flexibleconsumers, flexible services and the flexibility of products to more with the market.2)Conditions（条件）:a)The holiday is flexible and can be purchased at prices that are competitive withmass-produced holidays.b)Production of travel and tourism-related services are not dominated by scale economiesalone.Tailor-made services will be produced while still taking advantages of scaleeconomies where they apply.c)Production is increasingly driven by the requirements of consumers.d)The holiday marketed to individuals with different needs, incomes, time constraints andtravel interests. Mass marketing is no longer the dominant paradigm.e)The holiday is consumed on a large scale by tourists who are more experienced travelers,more educated, more destination oriented, more independent, more flexible and more‘green’f)Consumers look at the environment and culture of the destinations they visit as a key partof the holiday experience.3)Five main impulses driving new tourism（5个推动力）:a)New consumersb)New technologiesc)New production practicesd)New management techniquese)Changes in the industry’s frame conditionsNotes:Harks back to可追溯到，开始于Low Countries低地国家package tours包价旅游Was equated with相等purchasing power购买力coupled with外加，加上Paid holidays带薪假日mass tourism大众旅游charter flights包机航班Vertical and horizontal integration垂直合并和水平式结合diagonal integration斜向联合Market segmentation市场细分airline oligopolies航线的寡头垄断takes hold固定下来，确立Customized cervices按要求提供的服务dominant paradigm主要形式geared to适应More green更有环保意识scale economics规模经济scope economics范围经济Tailor-made services特别服务项目at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港holds for适用于Take hold抓住spur on飞驰Alexander the Great 亚历山大大帝Grand Tour 大旅游Low Countries 低地国家Thomas Cook 托马斯-库克Package tours 包价旅游Thomas Cook and Son托马斯-库克父子公司Purchasing power 购买力Paid holiday 带薪假日Charter tour 包机旅游Mass tourism 大众旅游Rigidly packaged 团体包机制Charter tourism 包机航班Airline oligopolies 航线的寡头垄断Mediterranean 地中海Market segment 市场细分Diagonal integration 斜向联合Customized services 按要求提供的服务项目Dominant paradigm 主要形式More green 更有环保意识Take hold 确定下来Scale economies规模经营Scope economies 范围经济Tailor-made services 特别服务项目Water transportation 水上运输Hellenistic urban system 希腊城邦制French Revolution 法国革命The Battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役Far East 远东Lesson 3 Tourism Organizations1.International Organizations（国际旅游）:1)World Tourism Organization---WTO 世界旅游组织，中国1983年10月加入It is the only organization that represents all national and official tourists interests.2)International Air Transport Association---IATA 国际航空运输协会，中国1999年加入It is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.3)International Civil Aviation Organization---ICAO 国际民航组织，1971年加入It is an organization of some 80 governments joined to promote civil aviation on a worldwide scale.2.Regional international Organizations（区域性国际组织）:1)Organization for Economic Cooperation Development---OECD 经济合作与发展组织2)Pacific Asia Travel Association---PATA 太平洋亚洲旅行协会，简称“太亚旅协”，中国已加入3.National Organization（国家组织）:1)The United States Travel and Tourism Administration美国旅行和旅游管理2)The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游局Notes:Access to能进入，能适用tourist operators旅游经营商police registration出境证明Frontier formalities边境手续air carriers航空公司baggage checks行李票Accreditation services审定工作contracting countries签约国in accordance with根据Apply to适用于be of use有用的eligible for合格，够资格concentrate on集中于Rank ICAO：the International Civil Aviation Organization国际民航组织IATA：the International Air Transport Association国际航空运输协会PNS：Passenger Network Services乘客网络服务公司PATA：Pacific Asia Travel Association太平洋亚洲旅行协会USTTA：United States Travel and Tourism Administration 美国旅行和旅游协会CNTA：The China National Tourism Administration 中国国家旅游管理局ECOSOC：Economic and Social Council of the UN联合国经济组织及社会理事会Tourist operators 旅游经营商Frontier formalities边境手续（过境手续）Air carriers 航空公司Baggage checks 行李票Accreditation service审定工作Contracting countries签约国Set rate 统一汇率International Organizations 国际（性）组织Regional International Organizations地区性国际组织National Organizations国家级旅游组织On a worldwide scale 世界规模Police registration 出境证明as排名second to仅次于engaged in从事于Lesson 4 Defining the Person1.International travel1)The first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical Experts（统计专家委员会第一次提出的建议）The first recommendation made in 1963 by the Committee of Statistical Experts of the short-lived League of Nations. Their definition described an international tourist as anyone visiting a country, other than that which is usual place of residence, for more than 24 hours.2)The modification made by the IUOTO（IUOTO的修改）：The International Union of Official Travel Organization(IUOTO) resurrected and modified the Committee’s definition in 1950 by including students on study tours as tourists and by specifying a new type of traveler called an international excursionist.3)Distinction between tourists and visitors drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel andTourism（1963联合国在罗马召开的国际旅游会议对游客和游客之间的区别）：It drew a distinction between tourists ,who stayed for more than 24 hours, and visiters, who stayed for less than 24 hours.4)The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the ExpertStatistical Group（专家统计所建议的游客和游客或远足之间的区别）：They suggested that the distinction be made between tourists, who stayed overnight, and day visitors or Excursionists, who did not.5)Terms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981（1981年WTO公布的相关条款的定义）：International visiters are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists:International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.International excursionists: visitors who do not spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic travelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism（WTO对国内旅游定义的指导方针）：They urge national tourism organization to:a)Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers.b)Exclude travel associated with the pursuit of employment, such as commuting.c)Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel.d)Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours(or overnight) and less than 24 hours(ornot involving overnight stays).Notes:Evolved out of从...演变而来en route在途中transit travelers过境旅游者Expert Statistical Group专家统计小组in the capacity of以...的身份 a lay-over短暂停留Take up拿起be identical to与...相同impose on利用IUOUT：International Union of Official Travel Organizations 国际官方旅游组织联盟Expert Statistical Group 专家统计小组The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展大会The East Caribbean Common Market 东加勒比共同市场The Caribbean Community加勒比共同体A lay-over 短暂停留International Travel 国际旅游Domestic Travel 国内旅游En route 在途中Transit traveler 过境旅游者International excursionist 国际短途旅游者Domestic excursionist国内短途旅游者Day visitor 当日往返者International visitor 国际游客International traveler国际旅游者In-transit passenger 途中游览者(途中旅游者)Domestic traveler国内旅游者Resident traveler 居民旅游者Non- resident traveler 非居民旅游者Business traveler 商务旅游者（商务旅行者）Pleasure travel 消遣旅游者（娱乐型旅游者）Destination country 目的国Permanent migration 永久移民Short-term migration 短期移民Tourism promotion 旅游宣传Intercontinental travel 洲际旅游Intracontinental travel跨国旅行Interregional travel 区域旅行Intraregional travel 地方旅行Cultural tourist 文化旅行者Lesson 5Determining Factors of Tourism1.objective conditions of tourism（客观条件）1)positive effects on demands（积极影响）: discretionary incomes/ increased educational standards/increased leisure time/ improved transport2)negative effects on demands（消极影响）: life cycle of the family2.motivation of tourism（旅游动机）1)The role of marketing（市场营销中的作用）：It is the role of marketing to suggest objectives---cruises,flights, or vacations---to satisfy needs, an awareness of which has already been created.2)Maslow’s hierachy of needs model（马斯洛的需要层次模型）：a)Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activityb)Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxietyc)Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving loved)Esteem self esteem and esteem from otherse)Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentNotes:Net discretionary incomes可随意支配的净收入resultant promotion职位的提升indulge in尽情享受the life cycle of the family家庭生命周期the mode of travel旅行方式dealers in dreams销售梦幻Accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施need deficiencies需求不足opt for选择end objective最终目标lay out设计（城市、花园等）hierachy of needs model需要层次模型submit to服从，听任in light of看作the idea of prepotency优先原理be embodied in体现Indulge in 尽情享受Dealers in dreams 销售梦幻Need deficiencies 需求不足End objective 最终目标Lay out 设计Opt for 选择Submit to 服从The idea of prepotency 优先原理Tourist resorts 旅游胜地International holiday国际假日Railway excursion 火车短程旅行Travel agent 旅行代理商Tourist motivation 旅游动机Off-peak period 旅游淡季Peak holiday period 旅游旺季Travel mode 旅行方式Tourist routs 旅行线路Net earning 净收入Spa vocation 在矿泉疗养地度假Bus and coach tour 公共汽车，旅行车观光游览Transportation mode 交通工具Lesson 6 Types of Tourists and Their Needs1.Types of tourists(旅游者类型)：rest and relaxation/ cultural visits/ educational visits/ exotic andunusual holidays/ travel as a norm of behavior/ business travel/ other travelers for pleasure2.Business travel1)Five points which influence decisions for business（影响商务决策的5点）：a)Type of customer to be visitedb)Type of industry to be visitedc)Locations of customers/industryd)Timing and duration of visitse)Reason or need for visit2)Business travel in the United States（美国的商务旅游）:In the USA about 10 per cent of all trip involveup to thirty nights in a hotel.3)Business travel in Britain（英国商务旅游）:Britain, with an international or export-orientated businessactivity was in the upper end of these figures.Notes:in that在...方面the jargon of marketing营销学术语be dictated by取决于on offer出售，提供the support辅助服务cultural/educational visits文化/修学旅游be of prime importance最重要的exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游in character with与...本质上一致balanced by被...抵消all and sundry所有人，全部rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物local color地方色彩is ascribed to因为...造成的travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游the foregoing前述各项the done thing合乎俗礼的事be addicted to沉溺于price inelastic无价格弹性appropriate for/to相称的be tailored to each executive’s needs根据每个商务人员的需要提供服务Support services 辅助服务Cultural visit 文化旅游Educational visits 教育旅游，修学旅游Exotic and unusual holidays 猎奇旅游On offer 出售，提供All and sundry 全部，所有的人Rare flora and fauna 珍惜植物和动物The Amazon River 亚马逊河The done thing 合乎俗礼的事Travel for travel’s sake 为了旅游而旅游Duration of trip 逗留时间Travel abroad 海外旅游Monte Carlo or Las Vegas 蒙特卡洛Price inelastic 无价格弹性Adventure holiday 探险旅游Culture tourist 文化旅游者Religious purpose 宗教目的Tourism market 旅游市场Non-seasonal 无季节性Full pension 全食宿Half pension 半食宿Trekking holiday 徒步旅行Local colour 地方色彩Five-star hotel 五星级饭店Lesson 7 Travel Agents（旅游代理）1.The role of travel agents1)Differences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailers（旅行社和其他零售商的差异）：agents do not purchase a product for resale to their customers.2)Implications of these differences（差异影响）:a)The cost of setting up in business is comparatively small compared to that of other retailbusinessb)Agents are not seeking to dispose of products they have already purchased, so will thereforedisplay less brand loyalty towards a particular product or company3)The main role of the travel agent（主要角色）:to provide a convenient location for the purchase oftravel.4)Range of services（服务范围）:not only on the basis of the commission each earns but alsodepending upon the demand in an area, the degree of specialization of the agency and the preferences and marketing policies of the proprietor.2.Travel agency skills and competencies1)Factors in the agency’s success(成功因素):good management and good service.2)Functions of staff（职能）:a)Advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilitiesworld-wideb)Making reservations for all travel requirementsc)Planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex muitistopover independent toursd)Accurately computing airline and other farese)Issuing travel tickets and vouchersf)Communicating by telephone and letter with travel principals and customersg)Maintaining accurate files on reservationsh)Maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochuresi)Interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints3)Counter-staff skills（技能）:a)The ability to read timetables and other data sourcesb)To construct airline faresc)To write ticketsd)To have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with theproducts availablee)Can competently operate computers, especially computer reservations systemsNotes:Travel principals旅游经营商travel retailers旅游零售商（代理商）retail agencies零售旅行社Sales outles---distribution outlets销售网点vie with与...竞争air fares航空票价Decide against决定不... decide on/upon就某事做出决定source of revenue收入来源Brand loyalty对某一特定品牌的信赖target sales目标销售额return on sales销售回报Look to...(for)指望...，希望（从）...得到car hire小汽车出租word of mouth口碑Word of mouth recommendation口头宣传the local share of the market当场市场份额Potential travelers潜在的旅游者in the event of如果basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价Suffice to say that只要说..就够了back office and front office后台和前台hard wired硬接线Capital investment资本投资come to terms with接受to package their own tours组合自己的包价旅游Is ideally suited for非常适合stands in the way of阻挡take on带上dispose of处理set up成立Tour wholesaler 旅游批发商Tour operator 旅游经营商。
全国2021年4月自学考试试题：旅游英语选读全国2021年4月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。
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Ⅰ. Multiple choice：(1×15=15)Directions： Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.1. Business people see tourism as an opportunity to makea profit by ______ the goods and services.A. producingB. supplyingC. conveyingD. seeking2. New tourism is ______ of “large-scale packaging of nonstandardized leisure services at competitive prices to suit the demands of tourist.A. a phenomenonB. a practiceC. an understandingD. an achievement3. According to the WTO, a domestic excursionist is a visitor traveling in his country of residence who stays less than one ______ at the destination.A. dayB. weekC. monthD. year4. Business travel requires individual arrangements and thus involves ______.A. more preparationsB. detailed planningC. advanced notificationD. high cost5. Owing to ______ of the retail travel business, two factors become paramount： good management and good service.A. common awarenessB. heavy workloadC. competitive natureD. increasing number6. Travel by air has become safe, comfortable, rapid and above all ______.A. easyB. relaxingC. happyD. cheap7. Recent promotions, by Amtrak have emphasized the______ benefits of taking the train.A. cost and priceB. rest and relaxationC. speed and timeD. service and safety8. Holiday Inn ______ innovations that were revolutionary for the times but which subsequently became standards for chain operations.A. createdB. designedC. pioneeredD. provided9. Hotels vary not only in size but in ______, in type of clientele, and in scope of activities.A. serviceB. locationC. priceD. character10. The social significance stems from the greater ______ of other cultures, institutions, ways of life and social structures.A. appreciationB. understandingC. interactionD. interest11. Any ______ tourist movement increases air pollution from jet aircraft, car and pleasure-boat exhaust fumes.A. massB. quantityC. large-scaleD. long-distance12. Researchers have found that spatial ______ of tourism are closely linked to the availability, accessibility and the nature of tourism resources.A. variationsB. numbersC. vacationsD. valumes13. ______ are a foundamental component in the development of tourism.A. ResourcesB. ManagementsC. StrategiesD. Blueprints14. An incredible ______ of landscapes and cultures stretches across the vastness of China.A. scaleB. numberC. diversityD. classification15. The first task of a tour brochure is to______.A. provide informationB. attract attentionC. offer destinationD. sell tour productsⅡ. Reading comprehension：(2×10=20)Directions： Read the following passages. Make your proper choices and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(1)Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are inlimited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad(极大数量)of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the “system” of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define “price”, many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or in other words, that price is the money value of a product or service as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far asit goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, however, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount but with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment to be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that are to be appried to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms, return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all thefactors that comprise the total “package” being exchanged for the asked-for amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.16. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Inherent Weaknesses of the Price System.B. The Complexities of the Price System.C. Credit Terms in Transactions.D. Resource Allocation and the Public Sector.17. According to the passage the price system’ isrelated primarily to ______.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services18. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in the complete understanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.19. In the last sentence of the passage, the word “they” refer to ______.A. return privilegesB. all the factorsC. buyer and sellerD. cash and credit20. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ______.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of a price “package” influence its market value(2)Anyone who has travelled to Amsterdam would probably agree on one thing：Amsterdam’s story is a tale of two cities -- one during the day and a completely different one at night. When the sun is up, the largest city in the Netherlands sits quietly on the Amstel River. You can rent a bicycle, visit the Van Gogh or Anne Frank museum, or take a water taxi. But when the sun goes down, the partying begins. In the big clubs and in coffee shops, tourists gather to hang out, talk politics and smoke.Several areas of the city clearly show the two worldsthat rule Amsterdam. And they’re all within a short cab ride of each other.For example, Dam Square attracts daytime sightseers toits festivals, open markets, concerts and other events. Several beautiful and very popular hotels can be found there. And there’s the Royal Palace and the Magna Plaza shopping mall.But as evening descends on Dam Square so do the party-seekers. Hip hop or funk music begins blaring from Club Paradiso and Club Melkweg. They are two of the most popularclubs in Europe. So if you come, be ready to dance. The clubs don’t shut down until 4 am.And while you’re there, check out the variousinexpensive ways to tour the city. Don’t worry about getting lost. Although Dutch is the official language, most people in Amsterdam speak English and are happy to help you with directidns.And you’ll notice that half the people in the streetsare on bicycles. They rent for US$17 to $20 for a whole day.Amsterdam also has an elaborate canal system. From anywhere between US$2 and $9.50, you can use the canal bus or a water taxi to cruise the “Venice of the North”.You can take in the picturesque canal house architecture：The rows of neat, narrow four-story dwellings of brownstone with large windows are well-worth seeing. Many of them are several centuries old.You might also want to jump out of the canal bus at the Museum Quarter and start walking. Masterpieces by Dutchartists such as Rembrandt, Bruegel, Van Gogh and others areon display at the Van Gogh Museum, the Stedelijk Museum, Rembrandt House and the Rijks Museum.The city has an appreciation of its historic past. One poignant place to visit is the Anne Frank House on Nine Streets. It was there that the young Jewish girl wrote her famous diary during World War II. Visitors can view Anne’s original diary and climb behind the bookcase to the roomwhere she and her family hid from the Nazis for two years.21. Amsterdam is a city ______.A. famous for two talesB. ruled by two principles from two different urban areasC. which is small but elaborate, within a short cab rideD. which is quiet at daytime and noisy at night22. What mode of transportation is NOT suggested by the author in the text?A. By bicycle.B. On foot.C. By taxi.D. By canal bus.23. How many museums can tourists visit in Amsterdam?A. Four.B. Five.C. Six.D. Seven.24. Which of the following statements about Dam Square is NOT true according to the passage?A. Dam Square is a famous shopping center for tourists.B. Dam Square is an attraction to both sightseers and party-seekers.C. Dam Square is a mixing place for both folk music and classic music.D. Two clubs most famous in Europe are located here.25. The word “poignant” in the last paragraph Line 1 means ______.A. touchingB. interestingC. pitifulD. sympatheticⅢ. Cloze：(1×15=15)Directions： Choose the best answer from the choices given to complete the passage and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.The Great Exhibition held in London in 1851 was probably the first show to be called a world fair. Since then there have been 31 universal exhibitions and many cities 26 to have a world fair. In 1928 the International Bureau of Expositions was founded in Paris to co-ordinate these events and ensure that there is only one each year. There are various and interlinked objectives 27 holding a world fair. The stated objectives include encouraging trade, increasing thevisibility of a city and country, developing tourism, 28 economic development and increasing employment, stimulating the re-use of land and 29 improvements, the celebration or a past event, and the entertainment of the masses, 30 the often unstated one of obtaining 31 funds from the higher levels of government. The 32 motive for holding a world fair is to 33 the city, but as well as selling the city, there is also the selling of ideas. Most expos are linked in some way to the notion of the progress of civilization or modernity. Not 34 , Expo 92 in Seville, Spain, had the 35 of discovery. Other themes include education and international understanding. The 36 city usually prepares a special site for the event 37 new buildings and structures of hoped-for architectural distinction and image changing ability are erected. Early examples 38 London’s Crystal Palace and Paris’s Eiffel Tower and a more recent one is Seattle’s Space Needle. Thesestructures will remain a 39 legacy to the area, as will any general infrastructure put in place. The fair itself usually contains exhibitions of both arts and manufactures, with pavilions 40 also by foreign nations. World fairs usually last between five and seven months, but sometimes they last for a whole year.26. A. sought B. have sought C. seek D. has sought27. A. about B. at C. of D. for28. A. altering B. switching C. attracting D. modifying29. A. basic B. infrastructure C. welfare D. quality30. A. as well as B. include C. plus D. add31. A. exact B. identical C. extra D. distinct32. A. prime B. big C. large D. potential33. A. boom B. lift C. increase D. boost34. A. surprised B. surprisingly C. surprising D. surprise35. A. purpose B. slogan C. title D. theme36. A. host B. guest C. hospitable D. hostile37. A. that B. which C. where D. whose38. A. is B. were C. was D. are39. A. temporary B. better C. last D. permanent40. A. provided B. required C. confronted D. acquired非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
旅游英语选读试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the most common mode of transportation fortourists in the city?A. TrainB. BusC. TaxiD. Bicycle2. Which of the following is not included in a typical travel package?A. AccommodationB. TransportationC. FoodD. Personal expenses3. What does the abbreviation "B&B" stand for in the context of travel?A. Bed and BreakfastB. Bus and BoatC. Beach and BarD. Booking and Booking4. When planning a trip, which of the following should be considered first?A. BudgetB. DestinationC. ItineraryD. Accommodation5. What is the meaning of "check-in" at a hotel?A. To pay for the roomB. To reserve a roomC. To enter the roomD. To register for a room二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）6. The term "visa" refers to an official ________ granted bya country, allowing a foreigner to enter, leave, or stay fora certain period.7. A "tour guide" is a person who ________ tourists around a place of interest.8. When you arrive at an airport, you need to go through________ before entering the country.9. The phrase "round trip" means a journey that starts and ends at the same place, also known as a ________.10. If you want to book a flight, you can use the term "makea ________."三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）11. Explain the difference between a "group tour" and an "individual tour."12. What are the advantages of using public transportation while traveling?13. Describe the process of booking a hotel room online.14. What are some common phrases travelers might use when asking for directions?四、阅读理解（每题3分，共20分）Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage:Traveling has become an integral part of modern life. People travel for various reasons such as leisure, business, or education. When planning a trip, it's important to consider several factors including the destination, budget, and duration of the trip. Travel agencies can assist with organizing travel packages that include accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals. However, travelers also have the option to plan their own itinerary and make individual arrangements.15. Why do people travel?16. What services can a travel agency provide?17. What is the purpose of a travel package?18. What is the difference between a travel agency's package and individual arrangements?五、写作题（共20分）19. Write a short essay on the importance of learning English for travelers. Your essay should be at least 200 words.答案：一、选择题1. B2. D3. A4. B5. D二、填空题6. document7. guides8. customs9. return ticket10. reservation三、简答题11. A "group tour" is where travelers join a pre-planned itinerary with a group of people, often with a tour guide. An "individual tour" allows for personal freedom to plan one's own trip, without the constraints of a group schedule.12. Public transportation is cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and provides an opportunity to experience local culture.13. First, research and select a hotel. Then, visit thehotel's website or use a booking platform. Enter travel dates and personal information, choose room type, and confirm the booking.14. Some common phrases include "Where is the nearest subway station?", "Can you show me on the map?", and "How do I get to this address?"四、阅读理解15. People travel for leisure, business, or education.16. A travel agency can provide services such as organizing travel packages, accommodations, transportation, and sometimes meals.17. A travel package is a pre-arranged set of services offered by a travel agency to make traveling more convenientand often more cost-effective.18. A travel agency's package is pre-planned and includes set services, while individual arrangements allow for personal customization and flexibility.五、写作题[考生自行撰写，无固定答案]。
全国2018年1月自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple choice: (1 × 15=15)Directions : Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.1. The WTO defines a domestic tourist as a traveler visiting a destination in his country of residencefor at least _____________ .A. one dayB. one weekC. one monthD. one weekend2. Hotels vary not only in size but in ____ , in type of clientele, and in scope of activities.A. marketingB. managementC. characterD. service3. The brochure becomes the principal means of both _________ them about the product andpersuading them to purchase it.A. obligingB. informingC. attractingD. marketing4. Many mass tourism resort destinations suffer from ____, giving the landscape an unclean anduntidy appearance.A. congestionB. poor serviceC. overcrowdingD. litter5. Increased ____ has led to growing demand for tourism both at home and abroad.A. education standardB. leisure timeC. pocket moneyD. new concept6. ____ and rigidity are very clear characteristics of package tours offered on a large scale.A. AccomodationB. TransportationC. IdentificationD. Standardization7. The travel agent's role is ____ to that of most other retailers, in that agents do not purchase aproduct for resale to their customers.A. dissimilarB. similar1C. familiarD. relevant8. The tourism industry is often criticized for offering low wages but in these areas there may be nojobs available.A. goodB. betterC. alternativeD. satisfied9. Several attempts have been made to determine why traverlers select the train as a transportationA. wayB. modeC. policyD. route10. One important contribution of the World Tourism Organization is _________ , which includesstudying the features of international tourism.A. researchB. designC. marketingD. statistics11. For those who want to spend most of the time lying on a warm, sunny beach, an appropriatecoastal _____ will be chosen.A. hotelB. parkC. townD. resort12. Scheduled services operate on ____ .A. fixed timeB. timetableC. defined routesD. booked customers13. In the ideal situation, tourism enchances _______ , knowledge and ultimately understandingbetween nations.A. balanceB. awarenessC. developmentD. concept14. Politicians view tourism as a ___ factor in the economy of their jurisdictions.A. politicalB. culturalC. businessD. wealth15. Travel and tourism is a form of modern consumer ____ .A. behaviorB. believeC. mysteryD. miracle Ⅱ. Reading comprehension: (2 × 10=20)Directions : Read the following passages and make your proper choices.2(1)Of the many interesting sights in Hangzhou, there is besides West Lake the spectacular tide at the mouth of Qiantang River. The tides here are what is called a tidal bore which makes a thrilling sight as it seems to be impelled by such a furious elemental force that it threatens to overwhelm and overpower everything in its way, striking awe in the beholder even as the sky and the sun are being swallowed up. It is said that in the world today only the tidal bore at the mouth of the mighty Amazon in Brazil can be a rival to that at the mouth of Qiantang.The tidal bore of Qiantang has since ancient times been considered a spectacular sight. As early as the fourth century B.C., the ancient philosopher of China Zhuangzi had written about it like this: “ The waters in the Zhe or Crooked River will roll on raising waves high as mountains and towers, creating a thunderous roar and gathering up a force that threatens to engulf the sun and the sky ”. In the Eastern Han Dynasty(25 —220), Wang Chong the thinker, in his Essays of Criticism or Lun'Heng in Chinese, recorded his observations of the tidal bore of Qiantang River like this: “ The tide flows and ebbs with the wax and wane of the moon ”. In ancient China, it was a common practice among men of letters not only to read widely but also to travel extensively. In the course of their travels, many of them had visited lots of famous mountains and magnificent rivers, but they had seen few sights that had impressed them as deeply as the tidal bore of Qiantang. Wielding their inspired pens, some of them had described the spectacular sight of the tidal bore. Poet Li Kuo of the Tang Dynasty(618 —907)had these lines:The bright mid-autumn moon casts its light on a thousand miles of land,The thunderous bore at midnight loud as a million marching men.16. According to the text the word “ bore” here means _____ .A. forceB. waveC. waterD. sight17. The mighty Amazon in Brazil has a tidal bore at its mouth, ____ the Qiantang River's.A. more powerful thanB. less powerful thanC. as powerful asD. no match for18. Since ancient time ____ people have praised the mighty of the tidal bore of Qiantang River.A. manyB. great many3C. a fewD. not a few19. Wang Chong believed that the tidal bore was ____ the moon's wax and wane.A. related toB. a part ofC. moved byD. reported in20. The line in Li Kuo's poem “ The thunderous bore at midnight loud as a million marching men”means the bore is __________ .A. quiet at daytimeB. as powerful as marching menC. as loud as the shouting of marching menD. extremely loud(2)Another large and growing segment of tourism consumers is mature travelers. The face of the industrialized world's population is changing, as are the profiles of individuals who take advantage of the ever-increasing array of leisure activities. Although it is probably a mistake to lump all mature travelers together into a single market, it is important to understand the immense size of this market. A good idea of the changes taking place in the mature segment of the tourism market can be seen by looking at the changes taking place in the United States. The American population is aging and will continue to increase as a percentage of the total population. By the year 2000, over 76 million Americans will be considered mature adults(55 years of age and older). Similar demographic shifts are taking place in many countries throughout the world.The number of senior citizens in the United States who compose the market segment called“ mature travelers ” has been growing at double-digit rates. This rapid growth provides many opportunities for firms who recognize and plan to meet the needs of these travelers. The mature traveler market segment is especially important since these individuals spend 30% more than younger travelers and account for 80% of all commercial vacation travel.Many mature visitors have the time, money, and energy to travel and enjoy family, friends, new sights, adventures and active lifestyle. They value excellent food while vacationing more than any other age group. They are less interested in bars and nightlife activities than other age groups. They are most likely to visit casinos. Mature travelers usually purchase package tours and take cruise vacations.International travelers are a large and growing segment of tourism consumers. Travel to foreign countries by international travelers has been growing at a rapid pace. Statistics show that in 2000,4Shanghai received some 1.8 million foreign visitors while some 100,000 traveled from Shanghai to other countries. Singapore saw 31,231 Chinese travelers for the period January—September, 2000. The number of tourists applying to tour the three countries(Japan, Australia and New Zealand) is increasing fast.21. According to the passage demographic shifts mean the change of ____.A. populationB. age structureC. people's ageD. mature adults22. This article was written ____ .A. by 2000B. before 2000C. after 2000D. in 200023. Mature travelers are very important part of tourism because of their ____ .A. matureB. sizeC. wealthD. age24. Mature travelers spend more money than ____ in traveling.A. business peopleB. young peopleC. middle-aged peopleD. other age groups25. It seems the mature travelers prefer _____ very much.A. casinosB. barsC. purchasingD. nightlife activitiesⅢ . Cloze: (1 1×5=15)Directions : Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly.When you want to go back to a restaurant because you feel welcome there, that is about the best definition of good 26 that can be offered. Good service is 27 a matter of attitudes and begins with the attitude of the management. If the manager is dedicated 28 giving good friendly service and is 29 with employees and guests, then this 30 the employees to be friendly and to make the 31 feel welcome.Very few people can continually carry a smile and be friendly to everybody they meet 32 they are constantly trained and encouraged to do so. One of management's most important jobs is to have a 33 training program for service personnel. There are many training aids available today from 34 sources. Even the smallest and 35 remote food operation can have a good training program.Food service operations 36 from the classical French restaurant to the snack bar, each 37 an56appropriate level of good service. A primary factor in all good service is that employees must be trained to recognize the 38 of the guest. They must realize that their livelihood depends upon being courteous and friendly. The manager of any restaurant should realize that the guest likes to berecognized. 39 practical, the manger should learn guests' names, stop by their tables when they are having dinner, and have polite conversation with them. If a problem 40 , a little personal contact by the manager can often resolve it and the guest will leave happily. 26. A. serviceB. foodC. staffD. business 27. A. slightlyB. nearlyC. relativelyD. primarily 28. A. a tB. ofC. toD. in 29. A. h ostileB. tolerantC. satisfiedD. courteous 30. A. u rgesB. encouragesC. improvesD. pushes 31. A. guestsB. visitorsC. touristsD. friends 32. A. thoughB. ifC. unlessD. when 33. A. m ainB. basicC. instantD. continuous 34. A. i denticalB. variousC. distinctD. extra 35. A. m ostB. farC. bestD. further 36. A. d ifferB. arrangeC. rangeD. rank 37. A. h asB. havingC. haveD. had 38. A. i mpressionB. appetiteC. tasteD. importance 39. A. W henB. AsC. ThoughD. But 40. A. a rouse B. raise C. has arisen D. riseIV. Phrasal verbs: (1 10=1×0)Directions : Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make some changes ifnecessary.41. The airline __________ a novel solution to the problem of jet-lag.42. Many foreign visitors _________ China's mighty Yangtze River and its breathtaking ThreeGorges.43. New tourism __________ key emerging characteristics of the tourism industry.44. The technological complexity of twentieth century living _______________ various forms ofpollution.45. Many theories ___________ on mode selection decision processes.46. The purchase of an airline ticket to visit parents __________ feelings of love and affectionfor them.47. The creation of income from tourism __________ closely ___________ employment.48. W ith the development of the package tour business after the Second World War, travel retailersa new role.49. At present, the development of domestic tourism services should ____________________ theeconomically advanced metropolitan areas.50. The brochures __________ the tourists when they got on the tour bus.V. Phrase translation: (1 20=20)× Part OneDirections : Translate the following into Chinese.51. the same value perceptions52. foreign lands and cultures53. be a certain cachet54. the development of world trade55. specially subsidized exchange rates56. sponsor a continuous survey57. judge expected load factors58. the ancient buildings59. the supply and demand equilibrium60. 9.6 million square kilometersPart TwoDirections : Translate the following into English.61．文化旅游62．专业性的博物馆63．按顾客需求的服务64．旅游“飞地” 65．旅游业对经济的影响66．全球性组织67．酒店的形象768．机票报价69．旅游设施和服务70．外交关系正常化Ⅵ . Passage translation: (10 2=2×0) Directions : Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. Since the 1990s, computer technology has been more widely applied to tourism in China where ithas brought increasing economic benefit. Some large travel agencies are promoting the use of computers and the Internet in their operations, management and overseas promotion. ChinaInternational Travel Service(CITS), the first to use computer management in China's tourismindustry, has installed computers of various types to sell tourist products, quote prices, make reservations, work out schedule, arrange various services, settle tourist accounts and other financial matters. CITS China information goes out via Australia's Worldlink to more than 250,000 computer terminals worldwide.72. Like the conference business, the exhibition industry appears to be growing. Between 1994 and1998 the European industry, as indicated by exhibitor participation, was growing by over 4 per centa year. In Germany, the modern Messe ( 会展中心) of Germany evolved at the beginning of thecentury from the centuries-old trade fairs. The Germans have maintained their lead through the development of specialist trade fairs as well as the continued development of their facilities. Their strength is not in the number of shows, but in their large size and international character. Germany is, of course, an important industrial country and it could be expected that there would be some correlation between exhibitions and industrial development. Frequently, as in Detroit in the USA, there is a link between trade fairs and the industries which are important in the local region.8。
浙江省2018年1月高等教育自学考试旅游英语选读试题课程代码：00837Ⅰ.Multiple Choice:(1×20=20)Directions: In this section, you are given 20 questions, beneath each of which are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You are to make the best choice either to complete the incomplete statement or to answer the question.1.Plaese identify one member which does not directly report to the general manager in the organizational chart of the hotel.A. Resident ManagerB. Food & Beverage ManagerC. Personnel DirectorD. Front Office Manager2.Which of the following city is NOT included in the “Six Great Ancient Capitals”in China?A. KaifengB. ChengduC. HangzhouD. Nanjing3.The development of hospitality sees four stages, which are ______ in succession.A. inn; grand hotel; commercial hotel; hotel chainB. grand hotel; inn; hotel chain; commercial hotelC. inn; grand hotel; hotel chain; commercial hotelD. grand hotel; inn; commercial hotel; hotel chain4.The ______ department has been called the lifeblood of the organization.A. personnelB. salesC. food & beverageD. rooms5.______ is the single most important factor in the success or failure of the hotel as a profit-making enterprise.A. Repeat business in the restaurants; banquet rooms and sleeping roomsB. Proper maintenance and provision of hotel servicesC. Emphasis on energy conservationD. Proper attention to the guests’ needs for food & beverage6.Which of the following is NOT the impact of tourism on values and norms?A. Changes in family structures and valuesB. Adoption of servile attitude towards touristsC. Increase in prostitutionD. Changes in eating habits7.In ______,the United States established the first of its national parks at Yellowstone.A. 1872B. 1883C. 1849D. 18698.Modern tourism in China began in the ______.1A. 1940sB. 1930sC. 1920sD. 1910s9.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. The development of the domestic tourism industry creates employment opportunities.B. The tourism industry is highly centralizedC. China’s domestic tourism industry promotes the development of local cottage industries thatproduce handicrafts and tourist souvenirs.D. With 56 ethnic nationalities, China has a great diversity of cultural traditions.10.Which of the following statements is NOT ture?A. The United Nations General Assembly designated 1967 as the International Tourist Year.B. The socioculture impact of tourism on a host country is only restricted to lesser developedcountries.C. Comparatively wealthy tourists to a region has the effcet of attracting petty criminals.D. Tourism may lead to an increase in the breakdown of marriages and in divorce.11.______ is the global organization for virtually all the international air carriers.A. ICAOB. IATAC. OECDD. PATA12.Visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country areinternational ______.A. visitorsB. touristsC. excursionistsD. travelers13.______ need is considered the goal of leisure.A. AestheticsB. Self-actualizationC. EsteemD. Physiological14.______ are privately charted aircraft accommodating between four and 18 people,and are usedparticularly by business travelers.A. Jet airlinesB. Air taxisC. TaxisD. Chartered airlines15.During the 1975s,the technological focus changed to the development of ______ aircraft.A. largerB. quieterC. jumboD. faster16.According to Maslow, esteem need excludes ______.A. maintain social contactsB. prestigeC. social recognitionD. ego-enhancementputer systems in travel agencies are designed to offer three distinct facilities which exclude______.A. Front office “client relation”systemsB. Back office systemsC. Engineering systemsD. Management systems18.Those who were born somewhere else desire to return to their hometown in order to satisfytheir______ need.2A. safetyB. physiologicalC. “to know and to understand”D. belonging19.The golden age of the Grand Tour was the ______ century, particularly ______ years before theoutbreak of the French Revolution.A. 18th,30B. 19th,30C. 18th,20D. 19th,2020.______,new production practices, new management techniques and changes in the industry’s frame conditions are the five main impulses driving the new tourism.A. New consumers, new economyB. New economy, new technologiesC. New consumers, new technologiesD. New economy, new enterprisesⅡ.Reading Comprehension:(2×10=20)Directions: Read the following two passages and then choose the best answer to each question.(1)In a bid to restore the pristine alpine beauty of the Hanas Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, authorities recently decided to demolish a sprawling 30-milllion-yuan holiday resort in the area within the next five years.A new holiday resort will be constructed in Jiadengyu Forest Prak,30km from the scenic area.In Hanan Natrue Reserve, located in Burqin County in the Altai region, is a prime tourist attraction known for its splendid landscape. Since the local government decided to accelerate development of tourism in 1998,many developers rushed here to build villas, hotels and holiday resorts.Facilities in the area are currently able to accommodate 2,000 visitors a day.Recent statistics show that the nature reserve received 360,000 tourists last year, and generated 45 million yuan in earnings. During the first seven months of this year, the area received more than 300,000 tourists, up 25 percent over the same period last year. Earnings also increased by 64 percent over the same period last year.But excessive and disorderly development of the area, which largely resulted from a lack of unified planning and management, has caused many negative impacts. Construction and logging have damaged the grasslands and vegetation there. In addition,the improper treatment of sewage, garbage and exhaust gas has created a serious environmental problem. Even worse, some developers introduced Karaoke and Disco into the scenic area, causing unbearable noise pollution in the originally tranquil place.As the disorderly development drew increasing concern from society, the local government was forced to take swift action to save the nature reserve. Early last year, the local government invited a group of experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, at a cost 1.1 million yuan, to formulate an ecological rehabilitation plan for the area.As an important part of the plan, all the holiday resorts and hotels in the area will be bulldozed. In future, all tourists will have to enter the reserve in environment-friendly vehicles, on horseback or on foot. All structures not built with natural wood will be demolished, and tour boats will be banned from using liquid fuel.Some of the buildings near Hanas Lake have already been dismantled. Sewage treatment facilities are under construction in the new holiday resort in Jiadengyu Forest Park. A 58-km3highway, linking Burqin County and Jiadengyu, will be completed before the beginning of the busy tourism season next year.21.The beauty of the Hanas Nature Reserve is compared with the beauty of ______.A. the HimalayasB. the AlpsC. the Mount EverestD. the Fuji Mountain22.Who is to blame for the disorderly development of Hanas Nature Reserve?A. the local governmentB. some developersC. construction and logging companiesD. car users23.There are ______ pollution in the Hanas Nature Reserve originally?A. air and waterB. environment and waterC. air and noiseD. environment and noise24.In future, tourists will not be allowed to enter in reserve ______.A. on horsebackB. on footC. on motorcyclesD. in environment-friendly cars25.What is the best title for the passage?A. Hanas Nature Reserve: A Paradise on EarthB. Saving Hanas Nature ReserveC. Hanas Nature Reserve is Built to Attract More TouristsD. Development of Hanas Nautre Reserve(2)Restaurants generally fit into following categories and consumers:The gourmet restaurant caters to the needs of connoisseurs and sophisticated diners. The dishes and service are very quality so that these restaurants are the most expensive and luxurious of all food service establishments.The specialty restaurant usually offers a limited variety or style of food. It may be specialize in seafood or in a particular kind of national food. Also it may depend on the atmosphere, decor, or personality of the owner to attract customers.The convenience restaurant services customers who want to eat in hurry and are most interested in fast service, cleanliness, and low price. Fast food is an example which can be prepared, served, and eaten quickly ;probably the most typical and famous fast food restaurants, McDonald are locating many countries and places over the world.Another way to categorize restaurants is by the kind of service. They are table service, counter service, self-service and carry out. In table service restaurants, customers are seated at tables where they are served by a waiter or waitress. In counter restaurants, customers sit at a counter and are served either by the person who prepares the food or by a waiter or waitress. A self-service restaurants is frequently called a buffer or cafeteria; there cus-Italian. Most areas of the world rely heavily on regional cuisine that depends on local availability, seasonal prices, and traditional customers. The choice of cuisine is an important one for the customer, who often makes it unconsciously and sometimes makes it too consciously; it is a crucial choice for the restaurateur because it may mean the difference between success and failure in business. Before a new restaurant opens the manager or owner has decided on its basic character, including such features as its location, size, cuisine, staff, and equipment.426.The meaning of the word “decor”is most similar to that of .A. furnitureB. surroundingsC. decorationD. display27.If a VIP wants to show his status he can eat in a ______ restaurant.A. gourmetB. convenienceC. popularD. specialty28.McDonald is a kind of ______ restaurant.A. gourmetB. convenienceC. popularD. specialty29.If a person wants to serve himself and decide what he wants to eat, he can eat in the ______ restaurants.A. table serviceB. counter serviceC. self-serviceD. carry out30.If a person. driving a car doesn’t want to eat in the restaurants, he can buy food from a ______ restaurant.A. table serviceB. counter serviceC. self-serviceD. carry outⅢ.Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases given below. Make some changes if necessary: (1×10=10)conform to be of use adjust to dwell on concentrate onlimit to associate with protect…from dispose of similar to31.Many tourist problems facing this country are ______ that country’s.32.“Try to ______ your talk ______ ten minutes,”the chairman said.33.We should try our best to ______ natural resources ______ being polluted.34.The principal ______ traffic safety in his talk at the last meeting.35.Every citizen’s behavior should ______ the social code of conduct.36.The sanitary worker comes here to ______ the rubbish every day.37.He couldn’t ______ his study for quite a while after he heard the sad news.38.Nora said it was not so difficult as she had expected to ______ herself ______ the life in China.39.People all over the world ______ my hometown ______ Chairman Mao.40.I never expected the book I found from a second-hand bookstore would _____ to my graduation thesis.Ⅳ.Cloze test:(0.5×20=10)Directions: Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.The success of China’s market- 41 reforms has drawn 42 worldwide, from politicians to 43 circles and the general 44 .Finally given an 45 ,the Chinese people are demonstrating the entrepreneurial 46 and ingenuity that have made expatriate 47 so economically successful the world 48 .There is little 49 that, barring any 50 upheavals, China will soon be 51 in the tourism business as any 52 in the tourism business as any in the ___53___ marketplace.China’s rapidly developing business 54 is already responsible for a major part of the 55 in tourism in recent years. Not only are 56 investments coming into the country,5but so are 57 numbers of entrepreneurs, who typically combine 58 with their business trip. This 59 of the visitor market will likely ___60___ in the coming years.Ⅴ.Phrase translation:(1×20=20)Part one: Translation the following phrases into English61.飞行常客奖励计划62.销售回报63.运载能力64.市场营销工具65.收入来源66.目标市场67.采购员68.收支相抵69.物理容量70.世界文化遗产Part Two: Translate the following phrases into Chinese:71.transit travelers72.Inclusive tour excursion73.homeostasis74.en route75.waybills76.cable cars77.ethnic diversity78.IMF79.burgeoning tourism industry80.non-commodity currencyⅥ.Translate the following passages into Chinese (10×2=20)(1) Modern tourism is a discipline that has only recently attracted the attention of scholars from many fields. The majority of studies have been conducted for special purposes and have used narrow operational definitions to suit particular needs of researchers or government officials; these studies have not encompassed a systems approach. Consequently, many definitions of “tourism”and”the tourist’ are based on distance traveled, the length of time spent, and the purpose of the trip. This makes it difficult to gather statistical information that scholars can use to develop a database, describe the tourism phenomenon, and do analyses.(2) As a site of historical interest, Taishan has been a preferred place of visit for centuries. Dating back to the Yin and Shang periods(1766-1122 BC),Chinese forefathers established five directions of north, south, east, west and center. The east, where the sun rises, presents life’s fertility with the end of winter and coming of spring. Taishan, located in a coastal province in eastern China, has been regarded as a propitious place. Ancient emperors prayed for the country’s prosperity and peach by offering sacrifices to Heaven and Earth on Taishan. According to historical records, prior to the Western Zhou Dynasty (1122-771BC),72 monarchs climbed the mountain to perform sacrifices. They were then followed by Qinshihuang, China’s first emperor, and then the6emperors of the Han, Tang, Song and Qing Dynasties.7。
旅游英语选读自考题-5(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.1. The golden age of the Grand Tour was the ______ century.A. 16thB. 17thC. 18thD. 19th2. The ______ is the most widely recognized organization in tourism today.A. World Tourism Organization (WTO)B. International Air Transport Association (IATA)C. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)D. Economic and Social Council of the UN (ECOSOC)3. The lack of ______ has hampered study of tourism as a discipline.A. descriptionB. uniform definitionsC. analysisD. prediction and control4. International visitors can be divided into ______.A. international tourists and international travelersB. international travelers and international excursionistsC. international transit travelers and international excursionistsD. international tourists and international excursionists5. The key to understanding tourist motivation is to see vacation travel as a satisfier of ______ and ______.A. tourists; travel agentsB. feelings; experiencesC. needs; wantsD. products; services6. Motivation theories indicate that an individual constantly tries to achieve a state of ______.A. stabilityB. satisfactionC. changeD. success7. "VFR" market refers to ______.A. vision, friendship and relationB. value, find and reevaluateC. vast, frank and relatedD. visit friends and relatives8. Tourists seeking rest and relaxation generally will require ______.A. good accommodation which they can affordB. close location of the resort to which they can easily getC. unspoiled terrain and spectacular sceneryD. the support services9. In 1828 the first railways were laid in ______.A. Austria and SwitzerlandB. France and SwitzerlandC. Britain and AustriaD. France and Austria10. The World Tourism Organization also provides technical help to developing countries, primarily through ______.A. the United StatesB. the United NationsC. the World Trade OrganizationD. the World Health Organization11. The following groups EXCEPT ______ participate in and are affected by tourism.A. the touristB. the business providersC. the host governmentD. the **munity12. According to WTO's definitions, domestic tourism refers to ______ .A. internal tourism plus inbound tourismB. internal tourism plus outbound tourismC. inbound tourism plus outbound tourismD. national tourism plus inbound tourism13. An international tourist is a visitor who spend ______ in the destination country.A. more than one nightB. not more than one nightC. at least one nightD. at least two nights14. During the 1920s and 1930s, ______ was one of the fastest growing segments of theinternational tourism industry.A. cruise tourismB. air tourismC. train tourismD. coach tourism15. It was in ______ that the first package holiday built around air transport was organized by Vladimir Raitz.A. 1862B. 1872C. 1950D. 1970Ⅱ.**prehensionDirections: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Australia is located in the southern hemisphere between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific. It is the oldest continent in the sense that it has altered relatively little since life appeared on earth. Thousands of years before the explorers Abel Tasman and James Cook sailed into the South Pacific, the aborigines had crossed the hand bridge from Asia formed by the Malay Archipelago and had spread throughout the mainland and Tasmania. When Capt. Arthur Philip of the British Royal Navy landed with the First Fleet at Botany in 1788, the event that marks the true beginning of modern Australia, there were probably not more than 300,000 Aborigines altogether.The most striking characteristics of the vast 3,000,000 square-mile landmass are its isolation, its low relief, and the aridity of its surface. Its isolation from other continents explains much of the strangeness of Australian plant and animal life; its low relief results from the long and extensive erosive action of the forces of wind, rain and the heat of the sun during the great periods of geological time when the continental mass was elevated well above sea level. A member of the Commonwealth of Nations, **monwealth of Australia is a prosperous, independent nation under one government. Like Canada and the United States, contemporary Australia is a political federation with a central government (the Commonwealth) and, six constituent states (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania) , each of which has its own government enjoying a limited sovereignty. There are also two internal territories: the Northern Territory was established as a self-governing territory in 1978, and the Australian Capital Territory, seat of the federal capital city Canberra, is administered directly by the Commonwealth, which also governs the external territories of Norfolk Island, Cocos Islands, Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Coral Sea Islands, and Heard and McDonald Islands and claims the Australian Antarctic Territory. The Cocos Islands was a non-self-governing territory until 1984 ,when it was integrated with Australia following an act of self determination approved by the Cocos Malay people.16. The true beginning of modern Australia took place in ______.A. 1788B. 1842C. 1978D. 198417. Which of the following became a self-governing territory most recently?A. Northern Territory.B. Cocos Islands.C. New South Wales.D. Tasmania.18. Where did the **e from?A. North America.B. South America.C. Africa.D. Asia.19. What type of climate does most of Australia have?A. Dry.B. Wet.C. Frigid.D. Jungle.20. What country colonized Australia?A. France.B. Germany.C. Great Britain.D. The United States.(2)The Great Wall of China is the longest structure ever built. Its length is about 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers), and it was erected entirely by hand. The wall crosses northern China between the east coast and north-central China.Over the centuries, various rulers built walls to protect their northern border against invaders. Some of the walls stood on or near the site of the Great Wall. Most of what is now called the Great Wall dates from the Ming dynasty(1368-1644). Parts of the Great Wall have crumbled through the years. However, much of it remains, and some sections have been restored. The main part of the wall is about 2,150 miles(3,460 kilometers)long. Additional branches make up the rest of its length.One of the highest sections of the Great Wall, on Mount Badaling, near Beijing, rises to about 35 feet(11 meters)high. This section is about 25 feet(7.6 meters)wide at its base and nearly 20 feet(6 meters) at the top. Watchtowers stand about 100 to 200 yards(91 to 180 meters)apart along the wall. The towers, about 40 feet (12 meters) high, once served as lookout posts.Written records indicate that the Chinese built walls along their borders as early as the 600's B.C. Emperor Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty (221-206 B. C. )is traditionally regarded as the first ruler to conceive of, and build, a Great Wall. Most of the Qin wall was north of the present-day wall. Shi Huangdi had the wall built by connecting new walls with older ones. Building continued during later dynasties, including the Han (202 B. C. - 220 A.D. ) and the Sui (581 - 618 ).By the time the Ming dynasty began in 1368, much of the wall had fallen into ruin. In response to the growing threat of a Mongol invasion, the Ming government began building a major wall in the late 1400's. This wall included most of what remains today. Like earlier ones, it protected China from minor attacks but provided little defense against a major invasion.Through the centuries, much of the Great Wall again collapsed. However, the Chinese have done restoration work since 1949. The wall no longer serves the purpose of defense, but it attracts many visitors. Tourists from around the **e to see the wall. Historians study writing and objects found in fortifications and tombs along the structure. Scientists study earthquakes by examining parts of the wall that have been affected by these earth movements.21. The earliest wall in China was built probably around ______.A. the 600'sB.C. B. the 210's B. C.C. the 210's A.D. D. the 1300's A. D.22. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The Chinese started building their borders in the seventh centuryB.C.B. Emperor Shi Huangdi of the Qin dynasty was the first to conceive of a Great Wall.C. Most of the Qin wall was to the north of what is now called the Great Wall.D. The building of the present-day wall lasted for hundreds of years.23. The purpose of building walls was ______ .A. to attract touristsB. to have earthquake researchC. to protect the border against invasionD. to demonstrate the power of the ruler24. The ______ dynasty seemed to have made the greatest contribution to the building of the Great Wall.A. QinB. HanC. SuiD. Ming25. The wall played a(n) ______ role in defense against a major invasion.A. importantB. minorC. historicalD. successfulⅢ.ClozeDirections: Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly.Local government is established (26) the purpose of representing **munity interests. Many tourism researchers maintain **munity support for proposed tourism developments is a key ingredient for its future success. **munities with different approaches (27) local wishes are Cairns and Byron Bay. Byron Bay residents were surveyed by their local council to **munity attitudes (28) tourism development. The majority wanted to live (29) a town promoted natural coastal environment and low-rise streetscapes (30) its tourism attraction. The town has been very successful in doing just that, much to the chagrin of Club Med, who wanted to develop a resort in the area. Cairns, on the other (31) , had to handle local protesters when a new resort was pro posed for Trinity Inlet. (32) the plan was subsequently turned (33) , and the developer awarded millions in compensation for expenses incurred in feasibility studies and architectural briefs, **munity remains on guard (34) similar proposals.Local government varies from state to state, but generally derives its powers (35) state acts of parliament and its funding from a mixture of local rates levied (36) properties in a shire and state government funds. In some instances additional funding in the front of **munity project grants is **ing from the Federal Government.Local government controls the development of the local area and can grunt or withhold planning permission, building applications anti amendments to usage of local land dependent (37) the local planning regulations. The regulations routinely cover matters (38) as permitted height of buildings, materials, and landscaping requirements.Local councils also provide roads, recreation, refuse services, museums, car-parks and swimmingpools. In (39) , local authorities very often actively promote tourism through a local tourism information centre, tourism officer or committee. They might also be (40) for control and management of reserves and public camping grounds, the development and operation of recreational and cultural facilities and the stewardship of local historic places.26. A. toB. for C. inD. on27. A. about B. of C. toD. in28. A. ofB. with C. for D. towards29. A. off B. by C. on D. in30. A. asB. for C. toD. from31. A. face B. hand C. side D. view32. A. So B. Because C. Although D. And33. A. down B. on C. off D. against34. A. for B. against C. to D. off35. A. from B. of C. off D. to36. A. onB. in C. for D. to37. A. by B. withC. on D. to38. A. such B. so C. for D. to39. A. additive B. additionalC. add D. addition40. A. response B. responsible C. responsiveD. responsibilityⅣ.Phrasal verbsDirections: Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make some changes if necessary.evolve out of be ascribed to be vital to give way to contribute toset forth be addicted to submit to be e come up with41. He thinks this dictionary ______ great ______ to him.42. He ______ a new idea for increasing sales.43. Modern tourism, as a new form of economy ______ the development of world economy to a large extent.44. The education of young people ______ the future of our country.45. The Prime Minister ______ the aims of his government in a television broadcast.46. According to Darwin, Man ______ lower forms of life.47. As winter ______ spring, the days begin to lengthen.48. He refused to ______ himself ______ his boss' control.49. She ______ soap operas on TV.50. His success ______ simply ______ hard work.Ⅴ.Phrase translationPart OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.51. police registration52. wilderness park53. paid holidays54. dealers in dreams55. the life cycle of the family56. horizontal integration57. price inelastic58. round trip59. cultural visits60. expert statistical groupPart TwoDirections: Translate the following into English.61. 更具环保意识62. 外汇收入63. 过境旅游者64. 需求不足65. 边境手续66. 珍稀植物和动物67. 行李票68. 审定工作69. 旅行方式70. 斜向联合Ⅵ.Passage translationDirections: Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. The saddest aspect of mass tourism has been brought recently to the attention of the public: it seems that the great number of visitors is destroying the treasures that they enjoy most. Under millions of feet, ancient stones wear out, ancient floors break down. Parts of the palace of Versailles may have to be closed to the public in order to preserve them, and some European caves, famous for their thirty-thousand-year-old paintings, have already been closed because the paintings were damaged by human respiration. There **e a time when only specialists in art, history, or archaeology will be allowed near the treasures of the past. Perhaps we'd better hurry to see them; perhaps we'd better take a tour soon.72. Professional travelers are similar to business travelers in many ways, although this type of travel is more elastic than business travel. Professional travel is built around the meeting and convention markets. These markets have grown as transportation, especially by air, has become more available and affordable. As professional travel continues to grow, new and expanded meeting and convention facilities have been developed to satisfy this increasing demand. Along with this growth, new management challenges have arisen to serve this specialized market. Some of the key market segments for meeting participants or attendees are associations, businesses, exhibitions and trade shows, religious organizations, political parties, and governments.。
旅游英语选读自考题-2(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Ⅰ.Multiple choiceDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that **pletes the sentence.1. ______ are very clear characteristics of package tours offered on a large scale.A. Standardization and flexibilityB. Standardization and rigidityC. Rigidity and individualityD. Rigidity and flexibility2. What are the two intellectual needs added to the original list of Maslow's Need Theory?A. Sun-lust and wanderlust.B. To know and understand, and aesthetics.C. Education and employment.D. Relaxation and enjoyment.3. The "Six Great Ancient Capitals" include all the following EXCEPT ______.A. ChengduB. HangzhouC. KaifengD. Beijing4. Increases in ______ and ______ are the main factors that give rise to tourism.A. travel marketing; travel agentsB. leisure time; warm weatherC. mode of travel; populationD. net discretionary incomes; improved educational standards5. ______ will be the primary tour product for the domestic tourist market in China.A. Sightseeing toursB. Long-stay travelC. Business tripD. Special interest and special events travel6. Since ______, computer technology has been more widely applied to tourism in China.A. the 1960'sB. the 1970'sC. the 1980'sD. the 1990's7. Internationally, China is situated in the rapidly growing ______.A. Indian/Pacific realmB. Asia/Pacific realmC. Europe/Pacific realmD. Afro/Pacific realm8. The Grand Canal, a man-made waterway first built in the 6th century B. C. between ______, is the longest of its kind throughout the world.A. Zhengzhou and HangzhouB. Tianjin and BeijingC. Tianjin and ShanghaiD. Tianjin and Hangzhou9. Short-duration cruises appear to be gaining in popularity as they ______.A. require less vacation timeB. are less expensiveC. are very safeD. both A and B10. Tourism, ______, has the potential to help bridge the psychological and cultural distances that separate people of diverse races, colors, religions and stages of social and economic development.A. properly designing and developingB. proper design and developC. proper designing and developingD. properly designed and developed11. During the Middle Ages, hospitality was considered a ______ duty.A. businessB. pleasureC. foodD. Christian12. Income is ______ where wage levels are high.A. very lowB. lowC. greatestD. small13. The ______ is called upon to ,make more decisions affecting not only present but future earnings than any other department head.A. director of salesB. personnel directorC. controllerD. resident manager14. Travelling by air has the following advantages EXCEPT ______.A. safetyB. comfortC. rapidityD. convenience15. Travelers usually ______ those whose travels require the use of overnight accommodation and those whose trips last less than one day.A. classify intoB. classifies intoC. are classifying intoD. are classified intoⅡ.**prehensionDirections: Read the following passages and make your proper choices.(1)Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically nonexistent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a continental man or one from the older generation.This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy, and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves "**e, first served, " while a gray haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the behavior of these stout young men in packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prisoner camp during the war. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?Older people, tired and irritable from a day's work, are not angels at all. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One **mend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems urgent, not only **munications in transport should be improved, but also **munication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won't bother to assist, taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or off the bus, and so on and so forth. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration.16. According to the passage, we could expect good manners from ______.A. Englishmen in LondonB. a man from FranceC. men in big modern cities in EnglandD. men only in metropolitan cities17. What is the writer's opinion concerning courteous manners toward women?A. Women have claimed equality and no longer need to be treated differently from men.B. It is considered old fashioned for young men to give up their seats for young women.C. Lady First should be universally practiced.D. Special consideration should be shown to women.18. According to the writer, communication between human beings would be smoother if ______.A. people were more considerate to each otherB. life were easier and **fortableC. women were treated with more courtesyD. public transport could be improved19. The italicized word "deterioration" in the last paragraph probably means "______".A. worsening of the general situationB. lowering of the moral standardsC. declining of the courtesy to womenD. spreading of evil conduct20. It could be inferred that the best remedy for the hard travel conditions in city would be ______.A. to attach significance to the moral education of young peopleB. to treat people, be they young or old, with courtesy and sympathyC. to demand everyone do his part not to be impolite to each otherD. to improve the means of transportation and the public, morality(2)In recent years, we have seen great progress in house building. The type of houses found in a certain part of the world depends to a certain extent on the building materials available there. Countries where stone is abundant tend to have more stone houses than a place where there is plenty of timber for example. However, climatic conditions affect the houses built to a greater extent.In equatorial countries like Singapore and Malaysia, two main factors are responsible for the type of houses built: the heat of the sun and the fierceness of rainstorms. Our houses are light and airy but have steep roofs. In some places, houses are built on stilts because they may be in lowlying areas which get flooded easily.In a hot and dry country such as Arabia, the houses are often box-shaped. They have thick stone walls which are painted white. White surfaces radiate heat while dark surfaces absorb it. The houses have no windows, only gaps with shutters over them. Even the door openings are very small and narrow, it is cool inside such houses. The roofs are also flat, so that when the sun goes down, one can sit on the roof and catch any cool breeze that is blowing. Sometimes, a water tank may be placed on the roof to catch the little rain that falls.In cold regions, where there is heavy snow, the roofs of the houses slope steeply so that the snow can slide off easily. If the roofs were fiat, the snow would build up and the roofs might cave in under the weight. The houses also have thick stone walls so that the cold is kept out.Some countries are more likely to be affected by earthquakes. In such places, the houses aremade of light building materials. If the houses collapse in an earthquake, few people will get hurt and less damage is caused.In some parts of the world, people take their homes along with them as they travel. These people are called nomads. The Bedouins of Arab lands wander over the desert, setting up tents wherever they stop to rest.21. Houses in equatorial countries ______.A. are light and airyB. have steep roofsC. are always built on stiltsD. are built to shelter from the harsh elements22. Houses in Arabia ______.A. have thin walls painted whiteB. are box-shapedC. have many windowsD. always have water tanks on the roof23. In cold countries roofs slope steeply. ______.A. so that people can build caves under itB. so that the roofs won't become so heavyC. because people do not need snow to build the houseD. so that the snow can slide off easily24. In earthquake-affected countries, light building materials are used because ______.A. people there can move more easilyB. the houses won't hurt people in an earthquakeC. less damage will be caused in an earthquakeD. people will not be affected by the earthquake25. Nomads are people who ______.A. live in tentsB. travel over the desertC. wander from place to placeD. set up tents over the desertⅢ.ClozeDirections: Choose the one from the given A, B, C and D to complete the passage properly."The business of America is business. " This was once said (26) an American president. The business (27) of an American city is crowded (28) large office buildings which are filled (29) banks, corporation headquarters (30) government agencies. Every (31) morning, thousands of office workers (32) these buildings and (33) in the afternoon.The men and women (34) do the office work are called "white collar workers" . Secretaries, computer operators and administrators are all white collar workers. Many office workers work and hope that they will be (35) to more responsible positions. They want to supervise other workers and see that **pany policies are carried out. These policies are established by the top managers. Sometimes office workers (36) transferred to other places.Nowadays, education is emphasized (37) the selection of men and women (38) manage ment jobs. Courses in business administration are (39) by many universities. The graduates of these courses often are placed in middle management jobs. Fromthese, they can be promoted easily when they (40) the necessary personality and ability.26. A. in B. by C. for D. of27. A. hall B. room C. district D. space28. A. with B. about C. out D. into29. A. of B. with C. in D. on30. A. so B. if C. but D. and31. A. weekday B. week C. weekend D. day32. A. come B. go C. enter D. arrive33. A. left B. leaves C. leaving D. leave34. A. who B. whom C. they D. when35. A. promote B. promoted C. to be promoted D. promotion36. A. being B. are C. is D. been37. A. in B. about C. for D. of38. A. within B. on C. as D. for39. A. offering B. to offer C. offered D. offer40. A. show B. appear C. look D. findⅣ.Phrasal verbsDirections: Fill in the blanks with the proper phrasal verbs given below. Make some changes if necessary.in the way open up endow with take the place of adjust tocut down look to allow for point out run off41. Could you ______ twenty copies of the agenda?42. I' m afraid your car is ______.43. Many people are ______ the new government to reduce unemployment.44. He ______ very quickly ______ the heat of the country.45. To **e the difficulties, **pany tries to ______ expenses on advertising.46. It will take you half an hour to get to the station, ______ traffic delays.47. They decided to ______ the oilfield.48. China ______ a variety of tourism resources.49. Electric trains have ______ steam trains in England.50. He ______ the stupidity of my behavior.Ⅴ.Phrase translationPart OneDirections: Translate the following into Chinese.51. a lay-over52. business traveler53. ocean liner54. national income55. passenger volumes56. peak holiday periods57. air carriers58. travel for travel's sake59. long-haul domestic travel60. ethnic minority groupsPart TwoDirections: Translate the following into English.61. 购买力62. 销售回报63. 游客陷阱64. 加速器原理65. 视觉污染66. 终点站设67. 旅游淡季68. 区间往返航行69. 基础设施70. 廉价市场Ⅵ.Passage translationDirections: Translate the following passages into Chinese.71. The traveler, then, is better understood and better appealed to if he is recognized as a person consuming products and services. Seeing the traveler in this manner will result in a change of attitude on the part of the observer and enable the marketer to provide a better product or service to the traveler. A second more tangible benefit to be gained from this approach relates to the idea of prepotency. If one accepts Maslow's idea of prepotency--that lower-level needs should be satisfied to some extent before the satisfaction of higher-level needs becomes a concerns--we would expect that products and services, including vacations, which are targeted towards the satisfaction of lower-level needs, would be regarded as more of a necessity than a luxury and would, as such, be more resilient to external pressures of time and money.72. As China's economy shifts to a more market system, the domestic travel industry will face in creasing challenges in a more **petitive environment. This will require domestic travel services to constantly study their market conditions, design travel products according to the needs and wantsof tourists, and sell their travel products effectively to potential markets. A successful domestic tourism industry in China relies on two levels of coordination and operation. National and provincial governments need to monitor regional trends in domestic travel patterns and develop measures for guiding domestic travel growth. At the individual business level, domestic travel services need to implement systematic management practices and operations. China can only develop a successful domestic tourism industry if there is a well-coordinated effort between the government and the private travel industry.。
旅游英语选读讲义旅游英语选读课程概述一、课程性质和学习目的“旅游英语选读”是高等教育自学考试英语专业中的一门选修课，是专门为提高自学应考者的语言水平和旅游知识水平而设置的。
随着旅游业的蓬勃发展，越来越多的人投身于这项事业。
旅游业，作为一个涉及面极广的产业，要求从业人员不但具有较高的外语水平，而且具备丰富的旅游专业知识。
为了帮助英语专业自学应考者更好地掌握英语知识和旅游专业知识，本书课文主要选自国外最新旅游教科书和国外报刊杂志，难度适中，力求在巩固已学过的英语知识的基础上，扩大旅游专业词汇，提高英文阅读与翻译能力。
自学应考者通过学习这些优秀的旅游英语文章，不仅能掌握旅游基本知识，而且对现代旅游、旅游业、旅游的作用于影响及世界旅游现状有所了解，为将来在旅游行业中从事业务工作、管理工作和开展科研工作打下良好的基础。
按照本大纲设定的考核知识点和考核要求认真学习，对自学应考者顺利通过本课程的考试会有极大的帮助。
二、有关能力层次要求的说明为了使个人自学、社会助学和考试命题有统一而明确的目标可循，本大纲更可能将考试内容落实到具体的考核点，对考核点的能力程度要求分为两个层次：记忆，了解。
记忆主要指的是：有关旅游的术语、主要概念和定义、重点词汇的运用等。
了解，主要指的是：课文的重要内容，要求考生在了解的基础上，掌握内容大意，并能用自己的语言表达出来。
三、关于自学教材《旅游英语选读》（全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会办公室组编）修月祯主编，高等教育出版社，1999四、关于自学方法(一)认真领会大纲。
鉴于自学者受学习条件的限制，通常缺乏教师当面、及时的辅导，在大纲中，明确规定了本课程的考试内容和考核目标，以及命题比例和试题题型。
因此，在学习课文前，首先阅读大纲，认真领会其内容，做到以大纲为指导自学的准则。
(二)采取灵活的学习方法。
《旅游英语选读》在编写过程中，遵循了旅游专业的一般性知识体系，因而具有较强的系统性和概括性。
它既是一门高年级英语阅读课（语言上有一定难度），同时又是一门旅游专业的入门课（有一定的专业性）。
为达到既训练语言又增长知识的双重目标，自学者应根据自身情况，摸索灵活有效的学习方法。
建议采用精读、泛读结合法，即在知识重点、语言难点处要认真、细致地去理解、分析、概括、掌握，同时又要有意识地运用泛读的一些技巧进行计时阅读，以逐步提高阅读速度，培养在有限的时间内掌握大量信息的能力。
计时阅读后，可用课文后问答题来检验阅读效果，基本做到阅读两次后能正确回答70%的问题。
(三)认真参考注释。
学习中除充分利用字典及其他书来解决语言困难外，课文后的注释是解惑的好帮手，其中的内容均应视为需要掌握的部分。
(四) 充分利用课后练习。
课后练习与课文内容密切相关，也可以说是对课文内容的充实和强化。
因此，除了应按题目要求认真完成各项训练外，还要尽量从中获取专业知识与信息，特别是对一些手边资料短缺的自学者来说，这一点尤为重要。
(五) 主义扩大词汇量。
由于考虑到自学者的语言基础水平不一，大纲中未列词汇表，课文中出现的生词、短语都应视为需要掌握的内容。
一些熟知的普通词汇用于专业术语时，应掌握其特定的含义，做到英汉、汉英互译准确、熟练。
五、 本课程知识要点框架⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎩⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧挑战和策略中国的旅游业：机遇、和发展中国的国内旅游：政策中国旅游资源评估第七章中国的旅游业旅游的环境影效应旅游的社会文化效应旅游的经济效应第六章旅游业的影响饭店的组织机构饭店业发展简史第五章饭店业交通工具的选择航空客运第四章交通旅游宣传册旅行代理商第三章旅行社旅游者的类型及其需求影响旅游的决定性因素旅游者的定义第二章旅游者旅游组织大众旅游和新旅游何谓旅游？第一章现代旅游旅游英语 六、 关于考试命题的若干规定(一) 旅游英语课程的考试命题，应充分体现高年级专业性阅读的性质，要注意将语言技能的考核同专业知识的考核有机地结合起来。
(二) 试卷可采用以下几种题型I 词组翻译理解、掌握课文中出现的旅游专业及其相关的词汇、术语，并能正确地进行英汉互译。
II 动词词组搭配填空参考每篇课文后的注释，理解课文中出现的重要词汇、词组，并掌握其用法，做到在不同语境下适当、灵活地运用。
III 完型填空要求考生通过对上下文、句子结构等的分析与判断，运用所学的语言及旅游专业知识对课文难度大体相当的材料进行完型填空。
IV 多项选择根据课文内容从所给选项中选出正确答案。
V阅读了解检查考生运用所学的旅游知识、专业词汇阅读有关旅游题材的原版文章的能力，要求考生能够根据文章内容从个题下所列的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
VI英译汉要求考生对与课文难度相当、题材相近的材料进行准确、流畅的英汉翻译。
(三)旅游英语的考试应根据大纲规定的考试内容来确定命题范围。
“词组翻译”，“动词词组搭配”及旅游知识的“多项选择”全部试题应取自教材。
“完型填空”，“阅读理解”，“英汉翻译”的考题应和教材内容相关，难度低于教材。
串讲资料第一章现代旅游Modern Tourism第一课何谓旅游What Is Tourism?一．Key Words（重要词汇）1.convention会议，大会2.professional职业的3.wilderness荒地；荒野4.hiking远足，徒步旅行5.rail栏杆6.cruise巡航，巡游7.participate参加，参与8.perspective观点；想法；景观9.psychic精神上的10.jurisdictions管辖区；权限；司法权11.interaction相互作用12.expenditure花费13.beneficial有益的，有好处的14.phenomenon现象15.encompass包括，包含16.contiguous相邻的，邻近的17.multidimentional多维的，多方面的18.discipline学科，领域19.uniform统一的，一致的20.hamper影响，妨碍21.database数据库22.trivial不重要的23.consensus一致；共鸣24.update更新，召开25.convene召集，召开26.stereotypical一成不变的，陈规的，传统的27.consecutive连续的28.exclude不包括29.domicile住处eage里程；运费muter通勤者32.survey调查，勘察33.metropolitan大都市的，大都会的，首府的34.miscellaneous各种各样的35.constraint限制36.temporary暂时的，短暂的37.superior优越的，更好的38.vague模糊的，不清楚的39.boundary边境的，边界的二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.view as视为例句：He is a work addict. He views his work as the most important thing in the world.2.vital to对…至关重要例句：Their cooperation is vital to the success of the company.3.be aimed at目标为…例句：The president’s visit is aimed at expanding relations between the two countries.4.be related to与…相关例句：The materials you have collected was not related to the theme of the thesis.e up with找到（答案），拿出（一笔钱等）例句：In order to meet the changing needs of the customers, the Research and Development Department has to come up with new products.6.arrive at达成（协议）；做出（决定）例句：He didn’t know what decision the meeting would finally arrive at.7.be engaged in从事…例句：He was engaged in politics. That was why he had no time for his family.三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.leisure time余暇2.wilderness park天然公园3.the foreign exchange receipts外汇收入4.tax receipts税收收入5.the sum total总数6.income multiplier收入乘数7.august bodies权威机构8.the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development经济合作与发展组织9.international tourism国际旅游10.inbound tourism入境旅游11.outbound tourism出境旅游12.internal tourism境内旅游13.domestic tourism国内旅游14.national tourism国家级旅游四．本课的学习要点1.Four different perspectives of tourismThe touristThe businesses providing tourist goods and servicesThe government of the host community or areaThe host community2.The importance of giving a definition of tourism: the lack of uniform definition has hampered study of tourism as a discipline.3.The difficulties in giving a definition of tourism: One has only to consider the multidimensional aspects of tourism and its interactions with other activities to understand why it is difficult to come up with a meaningful definition that will be universally accepted. For each of the many definitions that have arisen is aimed at fitting a special situation and solving an immediate problem, and the lack of uniform definition has hampered the study of tourism as a discipline.4.WTO definitions(1).The definition of tourism: The officially accepted definition is: “Tourism comprises the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.(2).The definition of international tourism:Inbound tourism: visits to a country by nonresidentsOutbound tourism: visits by residents of a country to another country.(3).The definition of internal tourism: visits by residents of a country to their own country.(4).The definition of domestic tourism: internal tourism plus inbound tourism(the tourism market of accommodation facilities and attractions within a country)(5).The definition of national tourism: internal tourism plus outbound tourism(the resident tourism market for travel agents and airlines)5.Tourism as defined byThe United StatesCanadaThe United KingdomAustraliaChina第二课大众旅游与新旅游Mass Tourism and New Tourism一．Key Words（重要词汇）1.subsequent随后的2.Hellenistic希腊的3.urban城市的4.claustrophobic幽闭恐惧的5.exclusively独有地；仅有地；完全地6.era时代7.aristocracy贵族8.patronize光顾9.segment部分；切片10.nonetheless然而，不过11.timely及时的12.innovation改新13.technologically从技术上来讲14.facilitate使便利，促进15.entrepreneur（法）企业家16.initiative开始的；初步的；创始的17.acute敏感的；敏锐的；急性的18.psyche心灵；精神；自我19.herald预告；宣告20. hallmark标志，特点21.fray竞争22.effect实现23.prowess英勇，杰出才能24.privileged享有特权的25.clientele顾客；常客26.replication复制；复制品27.identical相同的，同一的28.brochure说明书；小册子；宣传册29.souvenir纪念品30.flexibility灵活性31horrendous可怕的；恐怖的32.pad垫子；缓冲器33.franchise特许，给予特权34vertical垂直的35.oligopoly求过于供；垄断36.diagonal斜的，斜纹的；对角线的37.nonstandardized非标准化的38.paradigm形式，样式39.corerstone奠基石40.celerity敏捷；迅速41homogeneous类似的，同类的42.itinerary旅行指南；旅行日志43.fuel供应燃料；支持44.surge汹涌；奔腾45.discerning有眼力的；有洞察力的二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.hark back to例句：His family harks back to the 10th century.2.equate with例句：I don’t think people will equate riches with greatness.3.coupled with例句：Working hard, coupled with lack of sleep made him weak.4.link to例句：Many companies now have linked the workers’ in come to the result of their work.5.focus on例句：Today’s presentation focus on marketing research.6.gear to例句：We have quite a few magazines which are geared to women.7.take hold例句：A bad habit will be difficult to get rid of once it has taken hold.8.spur on例句：“Wang Ling is studying very hard on her English now.”“Yes, she is spurred on by her desire to get her tour guide certificate”.三．Important Terms（重要词条）1.package tours包价旅游2.mass tourism大众旅游3.charter flights包机航班4.airline oligoplies航线的寡头垄断5.diagonal integration斜向联合6.customized services按要求提供的服务项目7.dominant paradigm主要形式8.scope economies范围经济9.at the various ports of calls在不同的停靠港四．本课的学习要点1.Modern tourismThe historical settingThe Grand TourThe foundation of the growth of tourism to mass tourismThe first package holiday built around air transportation2.Mass tourismThe characteristics of mass tourism: mass, standard and rigidly packaged.Four conditions for mass tourismThe evolution of mass tourism3.New tourismThe characteristics of new tourism: flexible, segmented and environmentally conscious holidays. Five main impulses driving new tourismConditions for new tourism第三课旅游组织Tourism Organizations一．Key Words（重要词汇）1.consultative咨询的2.accelerate加速，促进3.facilitate使容易；推动，帮助4.dweller居住者，居民5.liaison联络6.instrumental有帮助的，起作用的7.multilateral多变的，多国的8.phraseology措辞9.visa签证10.waybill乘客名单；运货单11.accreditation坚定合格12.aviation航空13.discrimination歧视，区别14.aeronautics航空学；航空术15.sustainable持久的16.obligation义务，职责17.marketing市场营销18.stimulus刺激物，促进因素19.mandate委任，托管20.upgrade提高，使升级二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.access to例句：Students in our university have access to the library during the vacation.2.apply to例句：They believe that these principles can be applied to the tourism industry.3.concentrate on例句：Let’s concentrate on marketing research now and talk about sales next time.4.be of use例句：Don’t throw these materials away. They may be of use to someone.5.lead to例句：We cannot afford a mistake like that. It will perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.6.eligible for例句：Only native-born citizens are eligible for the US Presidency.三．Important Terms（重要词条）1.tourist operators旅游经营商2.frontier formalities边境手续3.air carriers航空公司4.waybills运货单5.baggage checks行李票6.accreditation services审定工作7.contracting countries签约国四．本课的学习要点1.International organizationWorld Tourism Organization(WTO)世界旅游组织International Air Transportation Association(IATA)国际航空运输公司International Civil Aviation Organization(ICAO)国际民航组织2.Regional International OrganizationOrganization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)经济合作与发展组织Pacific Asia Travel Association(PA TA)太亚旅协3.National OrganizationThe United States Travel and Tourism Administration(USTTA)美国旅行和旅游协会The China National Tourism Administration(CNTA)中国国家旅游局第二章旅游者The Tourist第四课旅游者的定义Defining the Person一．Key Words(重要词汇)1.statistical统计学的，统计方面的muters通勤者、经常乘车上下班者3.border边界4.resurrect复兴5.formulate用公式表达，明确地表示6.retain保留，保持7.terminology术语pse（时间等的）消逝、过去9.national国民、侨民10.nomad游牧部落的人、流浪者11.emigrate移居12.install安装13.caveat防止误解的说明、警告14.jurisdiction司法权限15.census人口普查16.consensus一致同意、多数人的意见17.criterion评判的标准、规矩18.board木板、委员会、董事会19.generator发电机20.household家庭的、家用的；家人二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.take up例句：The professor took up the lesson where he left off last time.2.evolve out of例句：It sounds as if this theory evolves out of thin air.3.be identical to例句：Mary’s skirt is identical to Jane’s.4.impose on例句：She often tries to impose her wishes on others.5.in capacity of例句：He is going to give a presentation of the marketing research in his capacity as salesman. 三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.excluded by direct reference明确指出不包括四．本课的学习要点1.International travelThe first recommendation made by the Committee of Statistical ExpertsThe modification made by the IUOTODistinction between tourists and visits drew by 1963 Conference on International Travel and Tourism The distinction made between tourists and day visitors or excursionists suggested by the Expert Statistical GroupTerms and associated definitions published by the WTO in 1981：International visitor: an individual entering a country that is not his usual place of residence and who is not:(1)Intending to emigrate or to obtain employment in the destination country.(2)Visiting in the capacity of a diplomat or a member of the armed forces.(3)A dependent of anyone in the above categories.(4)A refugee, nomad, or border work(5)Going to stay for more than one year.but who is or may be:(6)Visiting for purpose of recreation, medical treatment, religious observances, family matters, sporting events, conferences, study, or transit to another country;(7)A crew member of a foreign vessel or aircraft stopped in the country on a lay-over;(8)A foreign commercial or business traveler staying for less than one year, including technicians arriving to install machinery or equipment;(9)An employee of international bodies on a mission lasting less than one year, or a national returning home for a temporary visit.International visitors are to be divided into international tourists and international excursionists: International tourists: visitors who spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country; International excursionists: visitors who don’t spend at least one night in accommodation in the destination country.2.Domestic TravelWTO’s guidelines for the definition of domestic tourism:(1).Include both citizens and foreign nationals in their country as domestic travelers;(2).Excluded travel associated with pursuit of employment, such as commuting;(3).Make a distinction between extended or permanent migration and short-term migration or travel;(4).Make a further distinction between stays of more than 24 hours (or overnight) and less than 24 hours (or not involving overnight stays).Definitions made by the United StatesDefinitions made by CanadaDefinitions made by the United Kingdom第五课实现旅游活动的条件Determining Factors of Tourism一．Key Words(重要词汇)1.discretionary根据需要而使用的；便宜施行的2.resultant因而发生的；必然发生的3.spouse配偶4.venue聚集地点；会场5.excursion短途旅行；远足6.artisan手艺人；工匠7.proximity邻近，接近8.impetus推动；刺激；促进9.dramatic戏剧性的；激动人心的；给人印象深刻的10.affection喜爱；爱11.esteem尊重，尊敬12.motivate激发（某人的）兴趣；诱导13.homeostasis平衡14.disrupt将…弄乱；扰乱15.perceive觉察到；注意到16.specify确切说明；详述17.socioeconomic社会经济的18.psychographic心理的19.spa矿泉，有矿泉的地方20.indicator指示者，指示器21.hierarchy等级，层次22.physiological生理的，生理机能的23.actualization成为现实，实现24.fulfillment满意，满足25.aesthetics美学26.opt选择，抉择27.longevity长寿，长命28.sunlust对阳光的渴望29.enhancement增进，促进30.kinship亲属关系31.facilitation推进，促进32.ethnic种族的；部落的33.ego自我，自己34.wanderlust想去漫游的强烈愿望35.segment部分，片段36.relive再体验（某种经历），再经历（某时期）37.recapture再次经历，重新体验38.vicariously间接感受到地；设身处地地39.embody体现；包含40.mastery控制，掌握petence能力，胜任42.prestige威望，威信43recognition认识，承认44.tangible明确的，确切的；可触知的45.prepotency优先46.resilient有弹性的，有弹力的二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.indulge in例句：They indulged in expensive suppers on weekends. 2.result in例句：The car accident results in four deaths.y out例句：She wanted to lay out the interior of the house herself.4.begin with例句：The teacher begin her class with a short video show.5.submit to例句：She refused to submit herself to his control.6.adjust to例句：I think the first thing for you to do is to adjust yourself to the life here.7.be embodied in例句：The laws of the country are embodied in the constitution.三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.resultant promotion这里指有工作后职位的提升2.accommodation and support facilities住宿和其他辅助设施3.the mode of travel旅行方式4.the relative proximity and easy access to resorts离旅游景点较近并且进入方便5.need deficiencies需求不足6.homeostasis平衡7.Malslow’s hierarchy of needs model马斯洛的需求层次模式8.opt for选择9.in light of看作10.the idea of prepotency优先原理四．本课的学习要点1.Objective conditions of tourismPositive effects on demandsdiscretionary incomesincreased educational standardsincreased leisure timeimproved transportNegative effects on demandslife cycle of the family2.Motivations of tourismNeedsWantsMotivesThe role of marketing people: The marketing task is to convince an individual that the purchase of whatever we are selling is the best, if not the only way of satisfying that need. To the extent that we are successful in accomplishing this, an individual will be motivated to buy.Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model:(1).Physiological---hunger, thirst, rest, activity(2).Safety---security, freedom from fear and anxiety(3).Belonging and love---affection, giving and receiving love(4).Esteem---self esteem and esteem from others(5).Self-actualization---personal self-fulfillmentThe relationship between needs, motives, and references from the tourism literature第六课旅游者类型及其需求Types of Tourists and Their Needs一．Key Words(重要词汇)1．accommodation食宿，食宿安排2.excursion短途旅游3.secondary次要的，第二的，中级的4.intinerary行程表，旅行计划，旅行线路5.pension食宿公寓6.inadequate不足够的，不充分的7.attain获得，达到8.cachet威望，名望9.rudimentary未发展的，不完善的10.sophisticated复杂的11.trek拉车，艰苦跋涉12.terrain地区，地带13.spectacular壮观的，引人入胜的14.primitive原始的，远古的15.prestige威信，威望，声誉16.stigma耻辱17.scrimp节俭pulsive禁不住的，成瘾的19.hierarchical分级的，分层的20.recession衰退，猛落二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.be ascribed to例句：They all are ascribed his success to his hard work.2.be addicted to例句：Some parents complain that their children are addicted to pop songs.4.appropriate for例句：He canceled the program because he considered it was not appropriate for the conference.5.in character with例句：The dean said that the dialogues you have chosen are not in character with the teaching situation.6.range from例句：The ages of this class ranges from 18 to 22.三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.in that在…方面2.the jargon of marketing营销学的术语3.be dictated by取决于4.the support services辅助服务5.cultural visit文化旅游6.be of prime importance最重要的7.exotic and unusual holidays猎奇旅游8.on offer出售；提供9.balanced by被…所抵消10.all and sundry全部，所有的人11.rare flora and fauna珍惜植物和动物12.local color地方色彩13.travel for travel’s sake为了旅游而旅游14.the done thing合乎俗礼的事15.the foregoing前述各项16.business traveler商务旅游者四．本课的学习重点1. Reason for travel2. PleasureThe characteristics of rest and relaxation(休息和消遣)The characteristics of cultural visits（文化旅游）The characteristics of educational visits（求学旅游）The characteristics of exotic and unusual holidays（猎奇旅游）The characteristics of travel as a norm of behavior(旅游作为一种行为标准) 3. Business travelFive points which influence decisions for businessThe main characteristics of business travelBusiness travel in the United StatesBusiness travel in Britain第三章旅行社The Travel Agency第七课旅行代理商Travel Agents一．Key Words1.outlet销路，批发商店2.dispense分配，分发3.vie争，竞争4.bulk大批，大量；大部分5.entrepreneur企业家；中间商，承包者mission佣金7.revenue收入，收益8.margin（成本与售价的）差额，赚头9.proprietor所有人，业主10.ferry渡船11.ancillary辅助的；附属的12.procure（努力）取得；（设法）获得；采办13.forgo摒绝；放弃14.paramount最重要的；至上的；首要的15.itinerary旅行的计划或记录；旅行路线16.vouncher证件；证书；凭证17.principal被代理人，委托人18.intercede调节，调停19.quotation报价20.underlie构成（某事物）的基础；作（某事物）的说明或解释21.suffice足够；满足22.mandatory依法的；法定的；强制性的二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.decide against例句：We decide against holding the meeting.2.take on例句：The doctor asked me not to take on too much work.3.vie with例句：The two actors vied with each other for the lead in the film.4.set up例句：They are going to set up a school for deaf-mutes.5.look to例句：I look to my parents for help whenever I’m in trouble.6.act as例句：Who acts as an interpreter at the conference.7.dispose of例句：He is going to dispose of the old magazine.三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.travel principals旅游经营商，旅游服务设施经营者2.retail agencies零售旅行社3.air fares航空票价4.source of revenue收入来源5.brand and loyalty对某一特定品牌的忠诚、信赖misions佣金7.car hire小汽车出租8.word of mouth口碑word of mouth recommendation（旅游者的）口头宣传the local share of the market当地市场份额9.itineraries旅游活动日程，旅行路程multi-stopover independent tours旅游中多次停留的散客旅游10.basic point-to-point air fares两地间基本航空运价11.back office and front office前台办公系统和后台办公系统12.hard-wired硬接线13.to package their own costs组合自己的包价旅游14.business travel agent专门经办商务旅行的代理商四．本课的学习要点1.IntroductionGrowth of travel agentsThe role of travel agents2.The role of travel agentsDifferences between the travel agent’s role and that of other retailersImplications of these differencesThe main role of the travel agentRange of services3.Travel agency skills and competenciesFactors in the agency’s success: good management and good service.Functions of staff:(a)advising potential travelers on resorts, carriers, travel companies and travel facilities world-wide;(b)making reservation for all travel requirements;(c)planning itineraries of all kinds, including complex multi-stopover independent tours;(d)accurately computing airline and other fares;(e)issuing travel tickets and vouchers;(f)communication by telephone and letter with travel principles and customers;(g)maintaining accurate files on reservations;(h) maintaining and displaying stocks of travel brochures; and(i)interceding with principals in the event of customer complaints.Counter-staff skills: the ability to read timetables and other data sources, to construct airlines fares, to write tickets and to have sufficient knowledge of their customers to be able to match customer needs with the products available. There is also today a growing need for staff who can completely operate computers, especially computer reservation systems.4.The impact of computer technologyImportance and application of computer technologyThe threat posed to agents by computers第八课旅游宣传册The Tour Brochure一．Key Words(重要词汇)1.brochure小册子2.intangible无形的，触摸不到的3.lobby向议会游说的团体4.deadline最后期限yout（版面）编排6.illustration图解；插图；实例7.expertise专门知识；专长8.artwork书籍或报刊上的图片9.dictate支配；决定10.contemplate期待，期望；反复打算11.parlance说法；措辞；术语12.undercut以低于…的价码出售货物或提供服务13.resort常去之地；胜地14.inoculation接种；预防注射15.glossy有光泽的，光滑的16.matt（指纸张、相片等）无光泽的，粗面的17.opacity不透明性；不透光；变暗18.typesetting排字19.typeface铅字面；铅字印出的字样20.ratio比，比率21.browser浏览者22.umltiple相连组成；并联二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.fall into例句：His lecture falls into two parts.2.run to例句：Our textbook runs to 205 pages.3.invest in例句：He invested a large amount of money in a steel plant.4.cut down例句：We have to cut down our expenses on food.5.distribute to例句：The examination papers were distributed to the students.6.put on例句：Some restaurants put an additional services charge on the bill.7.associated with例句：When I was a little girl, I often associated nurses with injections and pain.y out例句：I don’t know how to lay out a printed page.三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.Tour Brochure旅游宣传册2.Marketing tool市场营销工具3.advertising agency广告公司4.printers印刷商puter graphic package计算机图形包6.in-house computer公司内部使用的计算机7.publicity material宣传品8.independent inclusive tour个体包价旅游9.tailor-made预先安排的10.tour basic fares（航空）包价旅游票价11.long-hual and short-haul长途和短途12.house name公司名称13.games room游艺室14.insurance coverage保险范围15.cutting corners以最便捷、经济的方式做事16.proofs校样17.running off印出18.specialist operators专营某种旅游（项目）的经营商四．本课的学习要点1.The important role of the brochure2.Brochure design and formatDesign of brochuresFormat of brochuresPackage tour brochuresshell foldersumbrella brochuresregular tour brochuresrmation required in the brochure:(1)the name of the firm responsible for the inclusive tour;(2)the means of transport used, including, in the case of air transport, the name of the carriers, type and class of aircraft used and whether scheduled or charter aircraft are operated;(3)full details of destinations, itinerary and times of travel;(4)the duration of each tour (number of days/nights’ stay);(5)full description of the location and type of accommodation provided, including any meals;(6)whether services of a representative are available abroad;(7)a clear indication of the price for each tour, with any extras charged clearly shown on the same page;(8)exact details of special arrangements, e.g. if there is a games room in the hotel, whether this is available at all times and whether any charges are made for the use of this equipment;(9)full conditions of booking, including details of cancellation conditions;(10)details of any optional or compulsory insurance coverage(clients should have the right to select an alternative insurance to that of the operator’s own scheme, of equivalent coverage);and(11)details of documentation required for travel to the destinations featured, and any health hazards or inoculations recommended.4.Negotiating with the printerThe operator’s job before and during the production and printing of a brochure5.Brochure distribution and controlWays of reducing wastage第四章交通Transportation第九课航空客运Air Passenger Transport一．Key Words(重要词汇)1.aviation航空；飞机制造业2.fuselage（飞机的）机身3.drag（飞行器的）空气阻力4.spearhead领先突击；当…的先锋eage英里数6.carrier客运公司7.hub(活动或要务的)中心8.middleman经销商9.clear-cut明确的；轮廓清楚的10.subsidiary子公司11.tailor-made预先安排的；（为某一目的）特制的12.boost提高，促进；支援13.yield收获量；收益14.shuttle短程穿梭运输（线）15.surlups过剩的；多余的16.viable可行的17.irate发怒的，愤怒的18.contender竞争者；对手19.affiliation（因加入而有的）联系或关系二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.cope with例句：He do esn’t know how to cope with the pressure of modern city life.2.refer to as例句：That area is referred to as the Bermuda Triangle.3.transfer to例句：He has been transferred to the English department.4.contribute to例句：Hard work and a certain amount of good luck contributed to his success.5.result from例句：His death resulted from the traffic accident.e into service例句：When did double-deckers come into service?三．Important Terms（重要词条术语）1.jet airliner喷气式客机2.carrying capacity运载能力3.in-flight magazines机上杂志4.load factors（飞机）载客率，机座占有率5.unit costs单位成本6.trunk route airlines干线航空公司7. “commuter” airlines地方短距离运输航空公司8.executive aircraft公务飞机四．本课的学习要点1.The airline businessAdvantages of traveling by air: safe, comfortable, rapid and above all cheap Factors in the development of mass travel by airAircraft significant in the development of the airline industry:the Cometthe Boeing 747the Boeing 7572.Airline servicesThree categories of airline services:scheduled servicescharter servicesair taxi servicesDifferent airlines3.The marketing of air servicesMethods to encourage passengers to use airline services“frequent flyer” programmesAir Miles schemeAPEX fares“stand-by” fares“shuttle” systemAirline CRSs第十课交通工具的选择Transportation Mode Selection Decision 一．Key Words1.variable变量；可变因素2.segment分出的或标出的一部分；部分；片段3.stimulant起刺激、激励作用的事物、活动等4.excursion短途旅行5.stage将（戏剧等）搬上舞台；进行；举行6.instrumental有帮助的，起作用的；仪器的7.spur刺激；鼓舞8.heyday最成功、最繁荣、最强盛的时期，黄金时期9.halt（使）停止，（使）终止10.demise停止；倒闭11.intercity城市间的，市际的；直达的12.inception开始；发端13.enroute在路上，在途中14.predominant占优势的；主要的15.highlight对（某事物）予以特别的注意，强调16.prominence突出；显著；声望17.ferrying（用航短程的或定期的）运送18.cruising海上航游，乘船游览19.precipitate使（某事物）突然或迅速地发生；加速20.eclipse使（某人∕某事物）相形见绌；使黯然失色21.berth（船舶的）停泊地或锚位22.ply（船）沿（某路线）定时运行23.innovative革新的；采用新信息、新技术的24.gourmet美食家；（做定语）菜肴精美的25.aquasport水上运动26.nostalgia对往事的怀恋；怀旧27.hovercraft气垫船28momentum力量，势头29.advent来临，到来30.infrastructure基础设施，基础结构31.charter包租，租赁32.ridership全体乘车者；乘客数33.outnumber在数量上超过（某人）二．Useful Phrases(有用短语)1.account for例句：The minority nationalities in that country accounted for 10 percent of the population.2.bring about例句：With the development of science and technology, many changes have been brought about in our lives.3.put forward例句：They put forward a lot of suggestions at the meeting.4.tie in with例句：This evidence doesn’t tie in with what he said yesterday.5.open up例句：Since the Northwest was opened up, thousands of young people have volunteered to go and settle。
