APA (7th edition) Referencing StyleThis referencing style sheet is to be used in conjunction with the Library’s general Guide to Citing & Referencing. The information is based on the following publications from the American Psychological Association (APA):American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association. (2020). Concise guide to APA style: The official APA style guide for students (7th ed.).For help with referencing items not covered in this guide:You should refer to either the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) or the more compact version, Concise guide to APA style: The official APA style guide for students (7th ed.). The Library has copies of both books which (when they are not on loan) can be found on Level 3, at shelf mark 808.06615 AME.Currently, the Library is also providing access to the e-version of each book, on the BibliU platform:/login?url=https:///users/saml/samlBath.BibliU provides a video playlist on YouTube that offers an overview of all the key aspects of using a BibliU e-book, including accessibility features, annotation options, and downloading the BiblIU app for offline reading of e-books:https:///watch?v=xdurhZuogXU&list=PLXTIiw7kQ0518yrXGOWUxMEz9jKXpUdUI. CitationThe APA uses an author-date style of referencing with details entered in round brackets, for example:The traditional approach to human cognition is over-simplified in assuming that processing is typically serial (Eysenck & Keane, 2010).If a publication date is not provided, insert n.d. in round brackets to signify ‘no date’, thus: (n.d.).Treatment of multiple authors: When a work has two authors, cite both authors’ surnames every time.When a work has three or more authors, cite the surname of the first author only, followed by et al., in every citation, including the first:Kisangua et al. (2007) found that … [first and subsequent citations]Reference listThe reference list must have the title word References, which should capitalised, in bold and centred. The reference list should contain full details of all the sources mentioned in your text, arranged alphabetically by surname of first author. List entries should be double-spaced (both within and between entries), and the first line of each reference is flush left with subsequent lines indented 0.5 inches (1.27 centimetres) from the left margin.Reference examplesBelow are some examples of the more common types of document you might want to reference. Each gives the APA 7th ed. format for the reference, followed by an example. Treatment of multiple authors within a reference list: when authors number twenty-one or more, include the first nineteen authors’ names then insert an ellipsis (…) and add the last author’s name. For example:Author, A. A., Author B. B., Author, C. C., Author, D. D., Author, E. E., Author, F. F., Author, G. G., Author, H. H., Author, I.I., Author, J. J., Author, K. K., Author, L. L., Author, M. M., Author, N. N., Author, O. O., Author, P. P., Author, Q.Q., Author, R. R., Author, S. S., . . . Author, W. W.Kalnay, E., Kanamitsu, M., Kistler, R., Collins, W., Deaven, D., Gandin, L., Iredell, M., Saha, S., White, G., Woollen, J., Zhu, Y., Chelliah, M., Ebisuzaki, W., Higgins, W., Janowiak, J., Mo, K. C., Ropelewski, C., Wang, J., Leetmaa,A., ... Joseph, D. (1999). The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American MeteorologicalSociety,77(3), 437–471. https:///fg6rf9Khan, A., Huynh, T. M. T., Vandeplas, G., Joish, V. N., Mannent, L. P., Tomassen P., van Zele, T., Cardell, L.O., Arebro, J., Olze, H., Forster-Ruhrmann, U., Kowalski, M. L., Olszewska-Ziaber, A., Fokkens, W., van Drunen, C., Mullol, J., Alobid, I., Hellings, P.W., Hox, V., …Bachert, C. (2019). The GALEN rhinosinusitis cohort: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps affects health-related quality of life. Rhinology, 57(5), 343-351.https:///10.4193/Rhin19.1581. Print version of a journal articleAuthor surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number(issue number), pages xx -xx.Nevin, A. (1990). The changing of teacher education special education. Teacher education and special education:The journal of the Teacher Education Division of the Council for Exceptional Children, 13(4), 147-148.In-text citationParenthetical:(Nevin, 1990)NarrativeNevin (1990) outlined...2. Electronic version of a journal article without a Digital Object Identifier (DOI)Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number(issue number), page numbers xx-xx. URLMarion, T., Reese, V., & Wagner, R. F. (2018). Dermatologic features in good film characters who turn evil: The transformation. Dermatology Online Journal, 24(9), Article 4. https:///uc/item/1666h4z5In-text citationParenthetical(Marion et al., 2018)NarrativeIn research by Marion et al. (2018)...3. Electronic version of a journal article with a DOIAuthor’s surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, Volume number(issue number), page numbers xx-xx. http///xxxxOncul, O. (2016). Crime and Delinquency. International Journal of Psychology, 51(S1), 295-303.https:///10.1002/ijop.123054. Print version of a bookAuthor’s surname, initials. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Publisher.Tseris, E. (2019). Trauma, women's mental health, and social justice: Pitfalls and possibilities. Routledge.In-text citationIt is not required to provide a page or paragraph number in the citation for a paraphrase, but you may include one if it would help your reader to locate the relevant passage in a lengthy work, such as a book.Parenthetical(Tseris, 2018, p. 12)NarrativeAccording to Tseris (2018)…(p. 12).5. Electronic version of a print bookIdentifying the format, platform, or device (e.g., eBook, Kindle book, etc.) of an authored eBook is no longer needed. An authored eBook from an academic collection should be treated as an authored print book with the reference ending with the publisher.If you wish to quote or paraphrase from an e-book that has no page numbers, you must devise an alternative means of identifying the relevant passage. In the case of a Kindle book that has no page numbers, do not provide the location number. The recommended alternative is to include the heading or section name, the paragraph number (count the paragraphs yourself, if they are not already numbered), or a combination of the heading or section name and the paragraph number.Author surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title. Publisher. URL [if available].Moore, A. (2012). Teaching and learning: Pedagogy, curriculum and culture (2nd ed.). Routledge. https:///permalink/f/1fg2g9q/44BAT_ALMA_DS5145800530002761In-text citationParenthetical(Moore, 2012)NarrativeMoore (2012) presented…6. Republished electronic version of a bookAuthor surname, Initials. (Year of release in electronic format). Title. Publisher. URL (Original year work published xxxx).Hooke, R. (2005). Micrographia: Or some physiological descriptions of minute bodies made by magnifying glasses with observations and inquiries thereupon. Project Gutenberg. /files/15491/15491-h/15491-h.htm (Original work published 1664).In-text citationParenthetical(Hooke, 1664/2005)NarrativeHooke (1664/2005) addressed…7. Book with two authors/editorsAuthors’ surnames, initials. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Publisher.Rutter, L., & Brown, K. (2020). Critical thinking and professional judgement for social work (5th ed.). Learning Matters.In-text citationParenthetical(Rutter & Brown, 2020)NarrativeRutter and Brown (2020) posited…8. Book with three or more authors up to and including 20 authorsAuthors’ surnames, initials. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Publisher.Haugtvedt, C., Herr, P., & Kardes, F. (2008). Handbook of consumer psychology. Psychology Press.Provide surnames and initials for up to and including 20 authors. The last author’s surname should be preceded by an ampersand (&).In-text citationParenthetical(Haugtvedt et al., 2008)NarrativeHaugtvedt et al. (2008) stated…According to the 7th edition, up to 20 authors should now be included in a reference list entry.For sources with 21 or more authors, include the first 19 authors’ names, insert an ellipsis (…) and then add the final author’s name. Do not place an ampersand (&) before the final author's name.9. Book with editor(s) instead of author(s)Editor’s surnames, initials. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Publisher.Palmer, S. (Ed.). (2011). Social work in mental health and substance abuse. CRC Press.In-text citationParenthetical(Palmer, 2011)NarrativePalmer (2011) believed that…10. Book with group authorGroup author. (Year of publication). Title (xx ed. if not the first). Publisher [If different from the group author].British Broadcasting Corporation. (2005). Review of the BBC's royal charter: BBC response to a strong BBC, independent of government.In-text citationParenthetical(British Broadcasting Corporation, 2005)NarrativeIn its review, the British Broadcasting Corporation (2015) noted…You need not abbreviate the name of a group author in a citation, but you can if the abbreviation is well-known or if you will cite the group author at least three times. You must provide the full name of the group author in the first mention, with the abbreviation.11. One chapter / paper from a collection in a bookAuthor of chapter’s surname, Initials. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In: Initials of first editor, Surname of first editor & Initials of second editor, Surname of second editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xx-xx). Publisher.Martin, A. (2006). Literacies for the digital age. In A. Martin & D. Madigan (Eds.), Digital literacies for learning (pp. 3-25).Facet.In-text citationParenthetical(Martin, 2006).NarrativeMartin (2006) challenged…12. Newspaper articleAuthor’s surname, Initials. (Year of publication, Month of publication, Day of publication). Title of article. Title/Name of newspaper, pp. xx-xx.Bowcott, O. (2020, September 24). Investigation launched after black barrister is mistaken for the defendant three times in a day. The Guardian, pp. 20-21.In-text citationParenthetical(Bowcott, 2020)NarrativeBowcott (2020) said…13. Thesis/dissertationThe APA makes a distinction between theses/dissertations available in print form only (‘unpublished’) and those available online (‘published’), and it makes further distinctions according to the type of online publisher. The APA also uses American terminology to describe a thesis/dissertation: ‘doctoral dissertation’ and ‘master’s thesis’. Please refer to the Publication Manual for detailed guidance.Doctoral dissertation published online, but not in a databaseAuthor surname, Initials. (Year of award). Title of dissertation (Level of award, Awarding institution). Archive name. URLConfait, M. F. (2018). Maximising the contributions of PHD graduates to national development: The case of the Seychelles [Doctoral dissertation, Edith Cowan University]. Edith Cowan Online Repository.https://.au/theses/206014. Government publicationName of government department. (Date of publication). Title of report. Publisher [If different from the group author].Public Health England. (2020) Stay at home: Guidance for households with possible or confirmed coronavirus (COVID-19) infection.In-text citationParenthetical(Public Health England, 2020)NarrativePublic Health England (2020) outlined...15. Television broadcastWriter’s surname, Initials. (Writer), & Director’s surname, Initials. (Director). (Year, Month Day). Title of episode (Season x, Episode y) [TV series episode]. In Executive Producer’s Initial. Executive Producer’s surname (ExecutiveProducer), Title of TV series. Broadcasting company.Kripke, E. (Writer), & Trachtenberg, D. (Director). (2020, July 26). The Name of the Game (Season 1, Episode 1) [TV series episode]. In H. Gorenstein (Executive Producer), The Boys. Sony Pictures Television; Kripke Enterprises;Point Grey Pictures; Original Film; Kickstart Entertainment; Kickstart Entertainment; Amazon Studios.In-text citationParenthetical(Kripke & Trachtenberg, 2020)NarrativeKripke and Trachtenberg (2020) averred...16. Web pagesSome online sources are designed to change over time and will not have an archive of earlier versions, e.g. Google Maps, a web page, or a dictionary entry. If an online source includes a date when it was last updated, provide a retrieval date in the reference, as well as the date of update as the date of publication. In this way, you are informing your reader that they may retrieve a newer version of the source. The retrieval date should be inserted before the URL in the reference.If you wish to quote or paraphrase from a web page that has no page numbers, you must devise an alternative means of identifying the relevant passage. The recommended alternative is to include the heading or section name, the paragraph number (count the paragraphs yourself, if they are not already numbered), or a combination of the heading or section name and the paragraph number.Author's surname, Initials. (Year, Month Day site/document was published online: be as specific as is possible). Title.Retrieved Month Day, Year, from URL.Note: if there is no individual author, use the group author (organisation), e.g. British Broadcasting Corporation. If neither is available, move the title to the author position, before a full stop and the date of publication.National Health Service. (2020, November 25). Check if you or your child has coronavirus symptoms. Retrieved November 26, 2020, from https:///conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/symptoms/In-text citationParenthetical(National Health Service, 2020, Babies and children section, para. 3)NarrativeThe National Health Service (2020) advise d…(Babies and children section, para. 3).This guide offers a basic template for APA referencing. For help with referencing sources that are not included in this guide, please refer to the APA publications that we recommend on page 1.MH/JH November 2020; JH August 2021。
APA中关于文献引用的规定3.2 参考文献著录的格式参考文献著录在MLA规范里叫做Works Cited，在APA规范里叫做References。
撰写论文时应仔细阅读MLA或APA的规范手册，本节仅提供部分著录实例，供参考。
3.2.1 著录已出版的文章一位作者写的文章APA：Roediger, H. L. (1990). Implicit memory: A commentary. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28, 373-380.注意：（1）在APA里，作者的首名和中间名均应用首字母。
（3）在APA规范里期刊的卷数（即“28”）应用斜体表示。
（4）按APA 的规范，标题第一个词和冒号后第一个词的首字母必须大写，而其余每一个词的首字母，除专有名词以外，均不需要大写。
两位作者写的文章APA：Tulving, E., & Schacter, D. L. (1990). Priming and human memory systems. Science, 247, 301-305.两位以上的作者写的文章APA：Barringer, H. R., Takeuchi, D. T., & Xenos, P. C. (1990). Education, occupational prestige and income of Asian Americans: Evidence from the 1980 Census. Sociologyof Education, 63, 27-43.无论用MLA 还是APA，第一作者以姓氏开始（加上逗号），继以名字或者名字的首字母，但是从第二作者开始，在APA规范里以姓氏开始（加上逗号），继以名字的首字母。
如果作者人数超过三人，也可以考虑仅保留第一作者的名字，加上et al.（拉丁文“and others”），如：APA：Barringer, H. R. et at. (1990). Education, occupational prestige and income of Asian Americans: Evidence from the 1980 Census. Sociology of Education, 63, 27-43.书评、影评、电视节目评论等（Review）APA：Falk, J. S. (1990). [Review of Narratives from the crib]. Language, 66, 558-562.收集在书籍中的文章（Selection from an edited book）APA：Wilson, S. F. (1990). Community support and integration: New directions for outcome research. In S. Rose (Ed.), Case management: An overview and assessment (pp.13-42). White Plains, NY: Longman.注意：（1）“Ed.”代表“编”。
APA Referencing Guide (6th Edition) This page is intended as an online resource for students and covers both the usage of the APA style and examples of how to reference/cite material. If you're familiar with the APA style, and just want to know how to format your references, you can download the Library's handy APA quick guide (2 page printable PDF).P A G E C O N T E N T SA P A Q U I C K G U I D EDownload the Library's APA quick guide if you're familiar with the APA style, and just want to know how to format your references.APA Quick Guide (2 page printable PDF)T U T O R I A L SThe library provides tutorials on how to use APA that are free to attend and are designed for new students and current students wanting to polish their referencing skills.Sign up to one of our APA Referencing or APA for Electronic Resources tutorials now.You can also access online tutorials on the American Psychological Assocation website.H O W T O U S E T H E A P A R E F E R E N C I N G S T Y L EA research paper without the acknowledgment of sources will be considered plagiarised - a breach notonly of University statute that may result in disciplinary action, but of your own academic integrity. The consequences of plagiarism are serious and enduring. Another key reason why it is essential that you reference your sources is that readers need to be able to retrieve the source information you have used.So whether you are paraphrasing, summarising, or quoting directly from a work, you must credit the source by way of an in text citation and by including the bibliographic information of the resource in your list of references.The following topics are covered in this section:1. How to use in text citations2. How to format a list of references3. Key pointsEditor's notes:The latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (2010) is now available in the Library.∙Corrections to the first printing can be found on the APA website: Corrections to the first printing (PDF) and Corrected sample paper (PDF).∙Changes to the 5th edition are highlighted with the word (NEW).1. How to use in text citations (quotes, paraphrasing)Direct quotationUse quotation marks and include page numbers.A quotation of 40 or more words should be formatted as a freestanding, indented block of text withoutquotation marks. Note the location of the final full stop.Weston (1948) argues that:One of the most important phases of our special guests was to get information that would throw light on degeneration of the facial pattern that occurs so often in our modern civilization. This has its expression in the narrowing and lengthening of the face and the development of crooked teeth. (p. 174)If you quote from online material and there are no page numbers (e.g. HTML based document), use the paragraph number (para.) instead.Indirect quotation/paraphrasingN.B. Page numbers are optional when paraphrasing, although authors are encouraged to include them, especially when it assists the reader to locate the reference in long pieces of text (Publication Manual, p.171).Citations from a secondary sourceUse the phrase 'as cited in' to signify the secondary source.N.B. List Claiborne &Drewery in your reference list, not Arnett.2. How to format a list of references∙At the end of your assignment, you are required to provide the full bibliographic information for each source cited in text.o Exception: When citing from a secondary source, list only the secondary source in which you found the original information, and do not list the primary source in the reference list.∙Start the list of References on a new page at the end of your assignment - do not use footnotes(Publication Manual, p.37).∙References must be listed in alphabetical order by author, and then chronologically.∙References should use the hanging indent format.Books and book chaptersEach reference should include four elements: (1) Author/Editor/Producer (2) Date (3) Title of the work and (4) Publication Information.If the item is available online, a retrieval statement or DOI is required after (3) Title. Exclude (4) Publication Information.N.B. Using a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is the preferred method of identifying online material such as journal articles, books and reports. For researchers, when a DOI is available, no matter whether electronic or print, include it (Publication Manual, p. 189).Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work. Place name: Publisher.Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work. Retrieved from http://...Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the work.doi: xx-xxxxxxxWhen a book consists of many chapters written by different authors, reference each chapter you used. Author, A., & Author, B. (Year).Chapter title.In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.xx-xx). Place name: Publisher.Author, A., & Author, B. (Year).Chapter title.In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.xx-xx). Retrieved from http://...Author, A., & Author, B. (Year).Chapter title.In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of the book (pp.xx-xx).doi: xx-xxxxxxxPeriodicalsItems published on a regular basis, such as journals, magazines and newspapers, are known as serials or periodicals. Include the same elements as for a book, but exclude the publication information and add the volume, issue and page number(s) instead. Each reference should include following elements:(1) Author (2) Date (3) Title of article (4) Title of Periodical (5) Volume, Issue and Page numbers. Author, A., & Author, B. (Year).Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), pp-ppAuthor, A., & Author, B. (Year).Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), pp-pp. doi:xxx-xxxxxAuthor, A., & Author, B. (Year).Article title. Title of Periodical, x(x), pp-pp. Retrieved from http://...WebpagesInclude the same elements as for a book, but exclude the publication information and add a retrieval statement in its place: (1) Author (2) Date (3) Title (4) Retrieval statement.Include a retrieval date if the source material is likely to change over time (Publication Manual, p. 192)Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the webpage. Retrieved from http://...Author, A., & Author, B. (Year). Title of the webpage. Retrieved from ...website: http://...Author, A., & Author, B. (Year, Month Day).Title of the webpage [Description of form]. Retrieved from http://...3. Key pointsAuthor(s)∙Invert the author(s) name(s), and use initial(s) of first name(s).∙Use the ampersand (&) between the last two authors' names (also note the full stop and comma after each author's name).∙Eight or more authors: List first six authors, then insert three elipses (...), followed by the last author(NEW).∙Corporate / group author: i.e. an organisation, association or government department.∙DateThe year of publication goes in parentheses () after the author(s).If an author has published more than one item in the same year, add lower case letters a, b, c etc.immediately after the year. The order is arranged alphabetically by title, but exclude A or The when it is the first word(Publication Manual, p. 182).Title of the work∙Book titles are italicised, with the first letter of the first word of the main title and the subtitle in capital letters. Proper nouns also begin with a capital letter.∙Journal titles (including magazines and newspapers) are italicised and all key words in the journal title begin with a capital letter.∙Chapters in books and journal article titles are in lowercase except for the first letter of the first word of the title, subtitle, and any proper nouns (Publication Manual, pp. 102-103).∙The book or journal title is italicised, not the chapter or article.Additional information that goes after the title:∙Information such as edition or report number goes in parentheses ( ) immediately after the title (Publication Manual, p. 186).∙ A description of the work goes in square brackets [ ] after the title. e.g. [DVD], [PowerPoint slides], [Poster], [Letter to the editor], [Video file] etc.Christchurch Methodist Central Mission. (1984). Durham Street Church: 120 years anniversary brochure: 1864-1984 [Brochure]. Christchurch, New Zealand: Author.Publication information∙Give the location (city) of the publisher - give the first city listed only.o Exception: Place of publication is not required for journal, magazine or newspaper articles.∙All publishing cities now require the state or province, if applicable, and country (NEW).∙∙Do not include words like Publishers, Co., or Inc. However, keep words like Books or Press.∙Use the first publisher listed if multiple publishers are given.∙When the author is the publisher of the work, use the word 'Author' in the publisher field.o Exception: Publishers are not required for journal, magazine or newspaper articles.H O W T O R E F E R E N C E/C I T E M A T E R I A LThis section provides examples of how to reference materials both in your list of references and in text citations. For an easy to use, 2 page printable version of this section, download the Library's handy APA Quick Guide. Changes to the 5th edition are highlighted with the word (NEW).To get started, select the kind of resource you want to reference from the following:BooksJournalsMagazines and newspapersAudiovisualUnpublished and informally published works (webpages etc.)Others (course handouts, legal material, conference papers, reports, personal communications, etc.) Images, tables, and figuresB O O K SBook - one authorBook - two authorsBook - three authors and aboveBook - RepublishedBook - Book or report by a corporate / group authorBook - no author (anonymous)Book - no authorBook - editedBook - chapter in an edited bookBook - translatedBook - dictionary or encyclopedia entry (with author)Book - dictionary or encyclopedia entry (no author)Book - thesis (except from the U.S.) - print versionBook - thesis (except from the U.S.) - electronic versionBook - thesis from the U.S. - electronic versionJ O U R N A L SJournal article - print versionJournal article - electronic version with a DOIJournal article - electronic version with no DOIJournal article - internet onlyM A G A Z I N E S A N D N E W S P A P E R S Magazine - print versionMagazine - electronic versionNewspaper - print versionNewspaper - electronic versionNewspaper - article with no authorA U D I O V I S U A LFilm - motion pictureTelevision programmeU N P U B L I S H E D A N D I N F O R M A L L Y P U B L I S H E D W O R K S Webpage - informally published workWikiOnline discussionO T H E R SCourse handout, lecture notes - print version (unpublished work)Legal materialAPA recommends the use of The Bluebook: A uniform system of citation (18th ed. 2005) for referencing legal material - see NZ section (p. 297).Personal Communications - letters, telephone conversations, e-mails, personal interviews, lecture notes etc.Conference paper as part of a book of proceedingsContribution to Conference or Symposium not formally published - electronic versionReport - print versionAnnual Report - electronic versionReport - electronic versionReport - technical or researchI M A G E S,T A B L E S A N D F I G U R E SFor undergraduate assignmentsIllustrations, maps and photographs, etc. (excluding tables) are referred to as figures. Unless it is your own work, the source must be acknowledged in full below the figure or table as a figure caption or table note. The full citation also goes in the References list.The caption goes beneath the image with a parenthetical reference, and includes the figure number, a description of the figure, and a parenthetical reference: (Source: Author, Date). You must italicise the heading "Figure" and the number.Tables: the caption goes above the table, and you acknowledge the source with a parenthetical reference: (Source: Author, Date). The full citation also goes in the References list.Below is an example of how a figure would appear in text:Figure 1: University of Waikato Campus (Source: The University of Waikato, 2010)In the references list:The University of Waikato.(2010). Student life. Retrieved from/__data/assets/image/0017/66230/Campus-2.jpgFor Ph.D Candidates (and students submitting a three or four-paper master's thesis)Permission to reproduce copyright material must be obtained from the publisher or copyright holder. If you are reproducing a graphic, chart, or table, you must provide a note at the bottom of the item that includes copyright information and a permission statement. Copyright permissions are done as a footnote with the information as above, concluding with: Copyright [year] by the Name of Copyright Holder. Reprinted [or adapted] with permission.For detailed information on copyright and permissions, see Publication Manual, pp. 38, 173. You should also become familiar with:Copyright Guidelines for Research StudentsThe University of Waikato's Copyright Information page.If you photograph a person, a signed release from that person is required giving permission for the photo to be used (Publication Manual, p. 166).Figures∙The caption goes beneath the image with the source credited at the end of the caption (Publication Manual, pp. 158-167).∙As in examples, italicise the heading "Figure" and the number.e.g. From a journal:Figure of Picture.From [Adapted from] “Title of article,” by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. xx. Copyright Year by Publisher.Reprinted with permission.e.g. From a book:Figure of Picture. From [Adapted from] Title of Book (p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Reprinted with permission.e.g. From a webpage:Figure of Picture. From [Adapted from] Title of webpage, by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Retrieved from... website: http://.... Reprinted with permission.TablesThe caption goes above the table, with the source included as a note below the table beginning with the word "Note" (Publication Manual, pp. 138-141).e.g. From a journal:From [Adapted from] “Title of Article,” by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Title of Journal, Volume, p. XX.Copyright Year by Publisher.Reprinted with permission.e.g. From a book:From [Adapted from] Title of Book (p. xx), by A. A. Author and B. B. Author, year, Place of Publication: Publisher. Reprinted with permission.。
中文文章引用英文文献的格式English:When citing English-language references in a Chinese-language article, it's essential to maintain clarity and consistency. Typically, the format follows the APA (American Psychological Association) style.In-text citations should include the author's surname and the year of publication, such as (Smith, 2020). If there are multiple authors, list them all, separating their names with commas and using an ampersand before the last author's name, like (Smith, Johnson, & Lee, 2018). When referencing a direct quotation, include the page number as well, like (Johnson, 2019, p. 45). In the reference list at the end of the article, list the authors' names in the same order as they appear in the source. Provide the title of the work in English, followed by the publication year in parentheses. Then, include details such as the title of the journal or book, volume number, page range, and DOI (Digital Object Identifier) if available. For example: Smith, J., Johnson, R., & Lee, S. (2018). Title of the Article. Journal Name, 10(2), 45-60. DOI: / Translated content:在中文文章中引用英文文献时，保持清晰和一致性至关重要。
