International Trade
Definition of important terms:
1. Trade bloc 贸易集团
▪ An intergovernmental association of a large free trade area formed by one or more tax, tariff, and trade agreements, which manages and promotes trade activities for ▪specific region of the world.▪ Freely, or cheaply for members ▪ Barriers against non-members
2. Non-tariff barrier 非关税壁垒
A non-tariff barrier to import is any policy used by the government to reduce imports, other than a simple tariff on imports.
3. Commodity
Commodity is the article of commerce of any kind that is for sale – goods, merchandise or product.
4. CIF/CFR/FOB 到岸价/ 成本+运费/ 离岸价
CIF: Cost Insurance and Freight (named port of destination)
CFR: Cost and Freight (named port of destination)
FOB: Free On Board (named port of shipment)
5. L/C
见17
6. F.A.Q. 平均良好品质
(Fair Average Quality) not particular quality specification but average quality of the current group, recent shipment.
7. General average共同海损
Loss or damage to a ship or its cargo that is shared among the shipowner and all the cargo owners.
8. Constructive total loss（推定全损）
may occur if the cargo is NOT actually lost, but is so seriously damaged as to make the goods no longer useful for the purpose for which they were originally intended.
9. Neutral packing 中性包装
Do not mention the name of the country producing the goods and the name of the manufacturer on the commodity and on the outer and inner packages.
10. Liner 班轮
The liners run fixed schedules, follow fixed routes and charge standard rates called conference rates.
11. Break-even Point 收支平衡点
(BEP) is the point where revenues from sales equal all costs.
12. Dumping 倾销
Dumping is the practice of selling products in foreign country at lower prices than those charged in the producing country
13. Bill of Exchange (Draft) 汇票
a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date. Drafts are negotiable and may be sold.
14. Remittance 汇付
Transfer of funds from one party to another among different countries through banks.
15. D/P 付款交单
Documents Against Payment
Under D/P, the buyer can receive the shipping documents only after he has duly made the payment of the goods.
16. D/A 承兑交单
Documents Against Acceptance
Under D/A, the buyer can receive the shipping documents from the collecting bank after he has duly accepted the draft.
17. Letter of Credit
a letter from a bank that allows you to get a particular amount of money from another bank
18. Collection 托收
Presentation for payment of an obligation and the payment thereof
19. Force Majeure 不可抗力
unexpected circumstances, such as war, that can be used as an excuse when they prevent sb from doing sth that is written in a contract
20. Arbitration 仲裁
Arbitration is the judging of a dispute between people or groups by someone who is not involved.
21. Counter-offer 还盘
A counter-offer is an offer that someone makes, for example, for a house or business, in response to an offer by another person or group.
22. Pro forma Invoice 形式发票
A document provided prior to or with a shipment of goods (as for export) that describes the items and terms of sale but dose not have the function of a real invoice.
23. Forwarder (Shipping agency) 货代
A person or organization that dispatches or delivers goods
One that forwards; especially an agent who performs services (as receiving, transshipping, or delivering) designed to move goods to their destination.
Chapter5 选择
A. 单选
1. The term CIF should be followed by .
a. point of origin
b. port of shipment
c. port of destination
d. port of exportation
2. The term FOB should be followed by .
a. point of origin
b. port of importation
c. port of discharge
d. port of exportation
3. The term EXW should be followed by .
a. point of origin
b. port of shipment
c. port of importation
d. port of exportation
4. The term DAT should be followed by .
a. point of origin
b. port of loading
c. port of destination
d. port of shipment
5. The term FAS should be followed by .
a. point of origin
b. port of destination
c. port of shipment
d. port of exportation
6. The term CFR should be followed by .
