主要英语国家概况chapter4-6课件

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandChapter 1: geography, people and language 1. Different Names for Britain and its Parts① The British Isles ② Great Britain ③ England (geographical names)④ The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (official name)⑤ Britain ⑥ the United Kingdom ⑦ the U.K 2. National Flagthe Union Jack3. The British Isles are made up oftwo large islands-Great Britain (the larger one) and Ireland, and hundreds of small ones. (geography)4. The image of John Bull.5. British National Emblem6. Climate: maritime climateTemperate ( with warm summer ,cool winter) plentiful precipitation (降雨量) Three principal features: frequent fog the large number of rainy days Instability or changeability7. Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales. (三个政治区：英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士) Region Capital National emblem People language Famous personsEngland（Southern ） London rose English 50M 83%English (Official)Scotland （north ）Edinburgh （爱丁堡）Thistle （蓟花）Scottish/Scots 5M <9.6% Gaelic (盖尔语)Robert Burns (罗伯特·彭斯)——Auld Lang Syne (友谊地久天长) A Red Red Rose(一朵红红的玫瑰 Wales（west ） Cardiff（加的夫）daffodil (黄水仙) Leek（韭葱）Welsh <3M <2%Welsh (1/4 in Wles)Northern Ireland Belfast（贝尔法斯特）Shamrock（三叶草）Northern Irish1.7M 1.8%English William Butler Yeats（威廉·巴特勒·叶芝）——When youare oldJames Joyce(詹姆斯·乔伊斯)——stream-of-consciousness(意识流)George Bernard Shaw（乔治·萧伯纳）Other people:3%(immigrants)补充：（1）Englandis the largest, most populous and most wealthiest part of the country.The River Thames originates in southwestern England. (英国第二长河)(2) Scotlandhas three natural zones (the Highlands in the north; the Central lowlands; the south Uplands) Capital: Edinburgh 苏格兰位于大不列颠的北部。

宫廷总顾问塞西尔劝伊丽 莎白暂时抛开儿女情长， 把精力放到处理国事上。当时英 国国力单薄，没有 军队，周边国家对它存有领土野心。而 伊丽莎白在 宫廷内部也有政敌。为首的是诺福克公爵。 塞西尔 建议她尽快结婚，选择 对象主要是法国的昂如公爵 和玛丽的 丈夫西班牙国王菲利普二世。伊丽莎白虽 然表面上同意接 见求婚使节，但私下里芳心早已暗 属达德利。 她面临的第一个真正的危机来自于法国 的玛丽女王。 这位热衷于用武的女王在苏格兰边境 集结大量部队，准备伺机进犯。英国朝廷为开战或 媾和展 开了激烈争论。最后伊丽莎白屈于诺福克公 爵的压力，未 听从情报大臣沃尔辛厄姆的意见， 仓 促同意开战。结果英国惨败。倍尝屈辱滋味的伊 丽莎白意 识到，如果她要真正行使国王权利，必须 树立自己的威信。
a. Edward VI Under his rule, real religious change to Protestant theology.
b. Bloody Mary On account of her mother and her husband (Philip II of Spain), Mary persecuted the Protestants to forcibly convert England to Roman Catholicism. At least 300 Protestants were burned as heretics.
A fleet of 130 vessels was sent to conquer England. The Armada sailed up the English Channel but proved no match for the more maneuverable and smaller British ships and dispersed by a strong gale.

Northern Ireland/Ulster
St. Patrick’s flag
Shamrock三叶草
smallest Belfast: capital; biggest city in Northern Ireland Lough Neagh: largest freshwater lake in UK The Giants Causeway巨人堤道: World Heritage Site
FLAG
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Flag of Australia
Flag of New Zealand
Flag of Tuvalu图瓦卢
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National Emblem / The official coat of arms National Medal / Badge英国皇家徽章/国徽
Scotland Red lion ready to fight
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NATIONAL FLAG
Correct Way
Upside Down !
FLAG
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FLAG
Thistle蓟
St Andrew’s Flag
most important river in Scotland: Clyde River tallest mountain range: Grampian Mountains格兰扁山脉 tallest one of the range Ben Nevis 本·尼维斯 Capital, 2nd largest city in Scotland: Edinburgh largest city in Scotland: Glasgow 格拉斯哥 Features: tourism (one of most important industries) Beautiful scenery Scotch whisky Scottish kilts Bagpipe

• made the Bank of England independent • emphasized on the minimum wage and supplementing low incomes • emphasized individual responsibility
Britain’s economic growth surpassed other major European countries
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1979-1997)
“In politics if you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman.”
—Margaret Thatcher
a forum for the governments of the world's eight wealthiest countries that originated in 1975 Before Russia was added to the group in 1997, it was known as the G7. Members: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and Russia Leaders of the G8 discuss major economic issues in an informal setting. The agenda has changed depending on international circumstances—e.g., the oil crises in the 1970s.