新概念第二册讲解

Lesson 6 Percy Buttons

New words and expressions

★beggar n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求

I beg your pardon

beg for 乞求得到

ask for 请求得到ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物

★food n. 食物不可数

a lot of food

★pocket n. 衣服口袋

inner pocket 内口袋；jacket pocket 夹克的口袋；coat pocket

大衣口袋

pocket book 袖珍书；pocket dictionary 袖珍词典

pocket pick 车上的小偷

pocket money 小孩的零花钱

change 零钱

get exact change 准备好正确的零花钱

beer money 男人的零花钱

★call v. 拜访; 光顾

① vt.&vi. 叫;喊

I heard someone calling. call out =shout 大声喊

② vt. 呼唤;召唤

Lucy is sick. Please call a doctor.

③ vi. 访问;拜访；车、船等停靠

Amy called at our house yesterday.

The train calls at large stations only. 这列火车只停大站..

call on sb. 拜访某人

I will call on you. 我要去你家..

call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地

I will call at your home. 我要去你家..

④ vt.&vi. 打电话

call sb =call up sb. 给某人打电话

call back 回某人电话

Can you take a message for me =Can you tell him to call back

call in sb. 招集和邀请某人

For the project; the government called in a lot of experts.

课文讲解

1、Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door.

★knock v. 敲门

① vi. 敲门

I knocked; but no one answered.

knock at 敲门、窗等

knock at the door；knock at the window ② vt.&vi. 碰撞

You always knock things off the table. 你总是碰掉桌上的东西..

Jim was knocked over by a bus this morning. 今天上午吉姆被一辆公共汽车撞倒了..

She has knocked a cup over again. 她又碰倒了一个杯子..

③ vt. 把某人打成……状态

He knocked Tom out yesterday. 他昨天把汤姆打昏过去了..

④ 与off连用时有一些特殊含义;一般用于口语

vt. 价格上减去;除去;打折扣

They knocked five dollars off the price of the coat.

The shop assistant knocked 10% off the bill.He reduced the

price by 10%.

vi. 下班;停止;中断工作等

When do you usually knock off 你一般什么时候下班

He knocked off for lunch at half past eleven. 他十一点半休息吃中午饭..

2、He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer.

ask sb. for sth =request for sth. 问某人要什么东西

for为了这个目的去请求某人; sb.更多的时候不出现; ask for sth.

The boy asked his parentsfor money again/once more.

3、In return for this; the beggar stood on his head and sang songs.

in return for this 作为对……的回报;作为交换this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情 I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.

hospitality adj. 热情

in return 作为回报

You lent me this interesting book last month. In return for

it; I’ll show you some picture books.

In return for your help; I invite you to spend the weekend with

my family.

He doesn't want anything in return. 他不想得到任何回报

stood on his head 倒立

stand on one's hands 用手着地hand单数就是一只手; 双手复数

stand on one's knees 跪着; 膝盖

lie on one's back 仰面躺着

lie on one's side 侧躺

lie on one's stomach 趴着

4、Later a neighbour told me about him.

介词about可以和一些动词连用;以表示“关于……的”、“涉及……的”

Please tell me about the accident.

tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事about关于; 通过其他事自己得出的结论

tell you about him

tell you about the word 解释这个单词的意思

tell sb. sth. 告诉某人某件事把事情直接告诉 tell you the news

tell you the word 直接告诉这个单词

5、Everybody knows him.

everybody作为主语一定作单数看待; 属于不定代词

所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 :

somebody;anybody;everything等

6、He calls at every house in the street once a month and always

asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

calls at 光顾;拜访

in the street英国/on the street美国

once a month 一个月一次; 单位表达方式

once adj. 表示每……一次表示频率时后面直接加表示时间的名词;

计量单位 “/” 每……

five kilometers an hour

He goes back to the South once a year.

Key structures

A; The and Some

当表示不确定的某个人或物时;用不定冠词a/an单数; 可数名词；当表示不可数的名词时;则需要由不定冠词加量词组成词组..

在表示一种笼统概念某某一类/一种东西的陈述句中可以省略a和some

A tiger is a dangerous animal.

Tigers are dangerous.

Salt is necessary for/to us all. 表示某个确定的人或事物或者上文已提到过的人或事物;则要用定冠词the有时相当于this/that/these/those;可数名词单/复数或不可数名词均可..

在姓名、地名、国名非复合词以及月份、星期等前面不加任何冠词..

a和the的区别：a是泛指; a man；特指; the man

在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰; 第二次出现的时候用the

A man is walking towards me. The man is carrying a parcel. The

parcel is full of meat.

I have just drunk a glass of milk. Milk is very refreshing.

I ate an apple. Apples are delicious.

She always buys flour; sugar and tea at the grocer's.

一般姓名前一般不能加冠词;表示“某某一类人当中; 具有这种特征当中的一个”;加不定冠词a

a Mr. Zhang 张先生这类人

Special Difficulties

短语动词

某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义; 这种新的组合称作短语动词

put v. 放

put on 穿上;戴上

tak v. 拿走 take off 脱掉;摘掉

look v. 看

look at 看；look for 寻找；look after 照顾；look out 当心；look out of 向外看

call

call at；call on；call in；call back；

call for 去取某物; 去接某人；需要

The problem calls for immediate action. 这个问题需要立即采取行动

knock v. 敲

knock at 敲门

knock off 下班

He knocked off earlier.

knock off 打折

Knock 10% off the price.

把……撞倒;如果有地点;用介词off；无地点;用介词over

knock sth. off+地点

knock the vase off the table

I knocked the boy off the bicycle.

knock over

A car knocked the boy over.