大学英语17音体美本科阅读理解Section C passage one 试题及参考答案

《本科 (艺术类) 大学英语》A 卷层次 年级Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 2 news reports. At the end of each news report, you’llhear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A) He was the oldest news reporter on planet.B) He was the oldest black man in California, USA. C) He was the oldest individual alive in the world. D) He was the oldest person on earth when he died. 2. A) He was too old to prove his date of birth. B) He did not even have a driver ’s license. C) He was 107 instead of 117 years old. D) He did not have a birth certificate.Questions 3 to 5 will be based on the following news item. 3. A) An anonymous tip in the amount of $ 10,000. B) A hard-won offer of college scholarship. C) $ 10,000 from her parents for her college. D) An interview arranged by KLTV.4. A) He knew her parents as his close friends. B) He had known her as a neighbor for long. C) He heard it while she was serving a couple she knew. D) He happened to know it over a friendly talk with her.5. A) In cash. B) Via her boss. C) In an anonymous way. D) As a unique scholarship.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you’ll hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Questions 6 to 9 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 6. A) Interviewer and interviewee. B) Employer and employee. C) Manager and client. D) Husband and wife.7. A) To hire a hand for her work. B) To quit her current job. C) To ask for a raise. D) To have a party.8. A) To work for the man as secretary. B) To work for a contractor. C) To work for one of 500 powers. D) To work for the power station.9. A) Because she ’s in a difficult situation. B) Because she ’s been his right-hand woman. C) Because she has no experience behind her. D) Because she doesn ’t know what she is doing.Questions 10 to 13 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 10. A) On the bus. B) On the road. C) At the police station. D) At the ticket window. 11. A) Lawyer and client. B) Boss and employee. C) Teacher and student. D) Policeman and driver. 12.A) To get the woman out of her car. B) To call the woman ’s lawyer. C) To get the woman ’s license. D) To arrest the woman. 13. A) She was color blind. B) She had a big mouth. C) She broke the speed limit. D) She was not licensed to drive. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard. 14. A) She enjoys teaching languages. B) She can speak several languages. C) She was trained to be an interpreter. D) She was born with a talent for languages.Part I Listening Comprehension （每题1分，共20分）姓名:______________ 学号:_________________ 年级:______________ 专业:_____________________ ………………….……………………….密…………………封…………………线……………………………………………................_15. A) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B) They would like to live abroad permanently.C) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.16. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She got a chance to visit several European countries.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She learned to appreciate classical music.17. A) Taste the beef and give her comment.B) Take part in a cooking competition.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Because she is a slow eater.B) Because she is physical active.C) Because she does most of housework.D) Because she lives on vegetables and fruits.19. A) At the moment of full stomach.B) When we take in enough calories for a meal.C) Upon the signals from the stomach to the brain.D) Not until the signal from the brain was sent out about 20 minutes later.20. A) Eating more slowly can result in feeling full sooner.B) Americans consume too many calories.C) The fewer calories, the healthier.D) Obesity is a global phenomenon.Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four choices or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes thesentences.21. It took them about one month to _________how to start the equipment.A) empty out B) figure out C) clear out D) try out22. They’ll have to _________ their poli tical differences and find a solution.A) put on B) put up C) put off D) put aside23. Whe n you drive, it’s necessary to watch out sharp bends and ________ your speed accordingly.A) adopt B) adapt C) adjust D) advance24. There is a tight connection between theory and practice that all theories ________ from practice and in return serve practice.A) original B) originality C) origin D) originate25. Fast foods offer convenience but they ______ of nutrition.A) fall short B) fall over C) fall down D) fall on26. Careers Officers ______ contact with young people after they leave school.A) maintain B) contain C) obtain D) detain27. Costa Rica suffers a __________ circle in which the voters seek new political actors who fare as badly as the old ones.A) virtuous B) vicious C) positive D) negative28. Women are __________ the equality in workplace.A) striving against B) striking against C) striking for D) striving for29. _______ he’d come to the door, he thought he might as well go in with the others to have a look.A) Now that B) However C) Although D) If30. Peter prided himself on never getting ______ involved in his life.A) physically B) psychologically C) emotionally D) intelligently31. It took them about one month to _________how to start the equipment.A) empty out B) figure out C) clear out D) try out32. They’ll have to _________ their poli tical differences and find a solution.A) put on B) put up C) put off D) put aside33. Whe n you drive, it’s necessary to watch out sharp bends and ________ your speed accordingly.A) adopt B) adapt C) adjust D) advance34. There is a tight connection between theory and practice that all theories ________ from practice and in return serve practice.A) original B) originality C) origin D) originate35. Fast foods offer convenience but they ______ of nutrition.A) fall short B) fall over C) fall down D) fall onunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)andD). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneIn spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end.So it’s no surprise that cultures a round the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Otherselevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by theRussians starting in the 19th century.One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have beendrawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to createeggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.“There’s something about their delicat e nature that ap peals to me,” says New Yorkercartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditionalUkrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of theprocess—from the very beginning to the very, very end.”But there’s an appeal in that vulnerability. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowingyou’re walking on the edge wit h this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at anysecond.” Chas t’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns werebelieved to offer protection against evil.“There’s an ancient legend that as lon g as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in theworld,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years,having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.The tradition, dating back to 300 B.C., was later incorporated into the Christian church. Theold symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married Part ⅡMultiple Choices（每题1分,共15分）Part ⅢReading Comprehension（每题2分,共30分）couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.31. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg?A) It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.B) It is their major source of protein in winter.C) It can easily be made into a work of art.D) It can bring wealth and honor to them.32. What do we learn about the d ecorated “eggs” in Russia?A) They are shaped like jewel cases.B) They are cherished by the rich.C) They are heavily painted in red.D) They are favored as a form of art.33. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition?A) Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.B) Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.C) Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.D) Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.34. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs?A) She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.B) She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.C) She always derives great pleasure from designing something new.D) She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.35. What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting?A) It originated in the eastern part of Europe.B) It has a history of over two thousand years.C) It is the most time-honored form of fancy art.D) It is especially favored as a church decoration.Passage TwoAttitudes toward new technologies often fall along generational lines. That is, generally, younger people tend to outnumber older people on the front end of a technological shift.It is not always the case, though. When you look at attitudes toward driverless cars, there doesn't seem to be a clear generational divide. The public overall is split on whether they'd like to use a driverless car. In a study last year, of all people surveyed, 48 percent said they wanted to ride in one, while 50 percent did not.The fact that attitudes toward self-driving cars appear to be so steady across generations suggests how transformative the shift to driverless cars could be. Not everyone wants a driverless car now—and no one can get one yet—but among those who are open to them, every age group is similarly engaged.Actually, this isn't surprising. Whereas older generations are sometime reluctant to adopt new technologies, driverless cars promise real value to these age groups in particular. Older adults, especially those with limited mobility or difficulty driving on their own, are one of the classic use -cases for driverless cars.This is especially interesting when you consider that younger people are generally more interested in travel-related technologies than older ones.When it comes to driver less cars, differences in attitude are more pronounced based on factors not related to age. College graduates, for example, are particularly interested in driverless cars compared with those who have less education, 59 percent of college graduates said they would like to use a driverless car compared with 38 percent of those with a high-school diploma or less.Where a person lives matters, too. More people who lives in cities and suburbs said they wanted to try driver less cars than those who lived in rural areas.While there's reason to believe that interest in self-driving cars is going up across the board, a person's age will have little to do with how self-driving cars can be becoming mainstream. Once driverless cars are actually available for safe, the early adopters will be the people who can afford to buy them.36. What happens when a new technology emerges?A) It further widens the gap between the old and the young.B) It often leads to innovations in other related fields.C) It contributes greatly to the advance of society as a whole.D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.37. What does the author say about the driverless car?A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.B) It will not necessarily reduce road accidents.C) It may start a revolution in the car industry.D) It has given rise to unrealistic expectations.38. Why does the driverless car appeal to some old people?A) It saves their energy.B) It helps with their mobility.C) It adds to the safety of their travel.D) It stirs up their interest in life.39. What is likely to affect one's attitude toward the driverless car?A) The location of their residence.B) The amount of their special interestC) The amount of training they received.D) The length of their driving experience.40. Who are likely to be the first to buy the driverless car?A) The senior.B) The educated.C) The wealthy.D) The tech fans.Passage ThreeEverybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch—or wake up early in order not to miss—varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26.Russia's other late nights and early mornings generally correspond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives. Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three-day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球) final. The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation (剥夺). The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half-hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hourand a haft later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleep are the rest of us losing?41. What does the author say about people's sleeping habits?A) They are culture-related.B) They affect people's health.C) They change with the seasons.D) They vary from person to person.42. What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A) They don't fall asleep until very late.B) They don't sleep much on weekends.C) They get less sleep on public holidays.D) They sleep longer than people elsewhere.43. What is the major cause for Europeans' loss of sleep?A) The daylight savings time.B) The colorful night life.C) The World Cup.D) The summertime.44. What is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleeppatterns?A) They have trouble falling asleep.B) They want to get sufficient sleep.C) They are involved in a sleep research.D) They want to go to bed on regular hours.45. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?A) Sleeplessness does harm to people's health.B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.C) It is important to study our sleep patterns.D) Average people probably sleep less than the richDirections: Translate the following passage into English. Please remember to write your answers on the Answer Sheet.在中国，当上爷爷奶奶是件大事。

17级音体美阅读理解Section C试题（各7套，共14篇）阅读理解Section C试题第一套It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice(同谋). If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess(委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of an oval—if we consider how to read a novel first—are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you—how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.1.What does the author mean by saying “Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.”?A. The author means that lots of people read few books.B. The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.C. The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind of books should include.D. The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.2.According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.B. The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.C. To read something is easier than to watch something.D. One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.3.What is the possible meaning of “impalpable” (Paragraph 2) in the passage?A. Clear.B. Elusive.C. Delicate.D. Precise.4.What’s the main idea of this passage?A. The importance of reading.B. The proper way to read.C. How to get most from one book.D. The characters of a good book.5.When a writer is writing he often get the whole conception ____.A. after a long time’s thinkingB. through an instant inspirationC. according to his own experienceD. by way of watching the objects attentively阅读理解Section C试题第二套Among the more colorful characters of Leadville’s golden age were H.A.W.Tabor and his second wife, Elizabeth McCourt, better known as “Baby Doe”. Their history is fast becoming one of the legends of the Old West. Horace Austin Warner Tabor was a school teacher in Vermont. With his first wife and two children he left Vermont by covered wagon in 1855 to homestead in Kansas. Perhaps he did not find farming to his liking, or perhaps he was lured by rumors of fortunes to be made in Colorado mines. At any rate, a few years later he moved west to the small Colorado mining camp known as California Gulch, which he later renamed Leadville when he became its leading citizen. “Great deposits of lead are sure to be found here.” he said.As it turned out, it was silver, not lead, that was to make Leadville’s fortune and wealth. Tabor knew little about mining himself, so he opened a general store, which sold everything from boots to salt, flour, and tobacco.『It was his custom to “grubstake” prospective miners, in other words, to supply them with food and supplies, or“grub”, while they looked for ore, in return for which he would get a share in the mine if one was discovered.』①He did this for a number of years, but no one that he aided ever found anything of value.Finally one day in the year 1878, so the story goes, two miners came in and asked for “grub”. Tabor had decided to quit supplying it because he had lost too much money that way. These were persistent, however, and Tabor was too busy to argue with them. “Oh help yourself. One more time won’t make any difference,” He said and went on selling shoes and hats to other customers. The two miners took $17 worth of supplies, in return for which they gave Tabor a one-third interest in their findings. They picked a barren place on the mountain side and began to dig. After nine days they struck a rich vein of silver. Tabor bought the shares of the other two men, and so the mine belonged to him alone. This mine, known as the “Pittsburgh Mine,” made 1 300 000 for Tabor in return for his $17 investment.Later Tabor bought the Matchless Mine on another barren hillside just outside the town for $117 000. This turned out to be even more fabulous than the Pittsburgh, yielding $35 000 worth of silver per day at one time. Leadville grew. Tabor became its first mayor, and later became lieutenant governor of the state.1. Leadville got its name for the following reasons EXCEPT ______.A. because Tabor became its leading citizenB. because great deposits of lead is expected to be found thereC. because it could bring good fortune to TaborD. because it was renamed2. The word “grubstake” in paragraph 2 means ______.A. to supply miners with food and suppliesB. to open a general storeC. to do one’s contribution to the development of the mineD. to supply miners with food and supplies and in return get a share in the mine, if one was discovered3. Tabor made his first fortune ______.A. by supplying two prospective miners and getting in return a one-third interest in the findingsB. because he was persuaded by the two miners to quit supplyingC. by buying the shares of the otherD. as a land speculator4. The underlying reason for Tabor’s life career is ______.A. purely accidentalB. based on the analysis of miner’s being very poor and their possibility of discovering profitable mining siteC. through the help from his second wifeD. he planned well and accomplished targets step by step5. If this passage is the first part of an article ,who might be introduced in the following part?A. Tabor’s life.B. Tabor’s second wife, Elizabeth McCourt.C. Other colorful characters.D. Tabor’s other careers.阅读理解Section C试题第三套Of all the components of a good night's sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"-the random byproducts of the neural repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is "off line." And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center, "if you don't like it, change it."he link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind isoccupied with daily life we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day's events-until, it appears, we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or "we wake up in panic," Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep-or rather dream-on it and you'll feel better in the morning.1.By saying that “dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat," (Lines 4-5, Para. 1) the researchers mean that _______.A. we can think logically in the dreams tooB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stable2.What did Cartwright find in her clinic?A. Most bad dreams were followed by happier ones.B. Divorced couples usually have more bad dreams.C. One’s dreaming process is related to his emotion.D. People having negative feelings dream more often.3.Cartwright believed with much practice，we can learn to _____.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD. identify what is upsetting about the dreams4.The author points out that a person who has constant bad dreams should ______A. learn to control his dreamsB. consult a doctorC. sleep and dream on itD. get rid of anxiety first5.The author most probably thinks that controlling dreams is ______.A. a good practiceB. a new discoveryC. helpful for everyoneD. not essential for everyone阅读理解Section C试题第四套Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991,15% of Americans were obese(肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has declined and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab(松弛).Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine. But, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific isla nds, home of the world’s most obese communities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and over-nourished people frequently live cheek by jowl(面颊). The mix can even occur within a single household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak. In many affected countries there are cultural factors to contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form. of hospitality. Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem Could exist in their countries. Add to that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting diet and exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.1.The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ______.A. Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroomB. more people are over-weighed in the United StatesC. people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scalesD. youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities2.As physical exercise declines and diet expands, ______.A. other western countries has been defeated by fatB. obesity has become an epidemic(流行病)of the rich worldC. waistbands begin to be popular in other western countriesD. western countries can no longer fight against obesity3.Which is NOT the point of the example of the Pacific Islands?A. The poor community has shaken off poverty and people are well-fed now.B. Obesity is becoming a problem in the developing world too.C. Excessive weight increase will cause no less harm than the food shortage.D. The problem of overweight emerges very fast.4.Of tackling obesity in the poor world, we can learn from the passage that____A. the matter is so complex as to go beyond our capacityB. no matter what we do, the prospect will always be bleakC. it is starvation, the real threat, that needs to be solvedD. we should take immediate actions before it becomes incurable5.What is the main idea of this passage?A. Obesity is now a global problem that needs tackling.B. The weights increase fast throughout the whole world.C. Obesity and starvation are two main problems in the poor world.D. Obesity has shifted from the rich world to the poor world.阅读理解Section C试题第五套Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age，but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person’s accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people’s minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one’s abilities，may increase throughout all of adulthood if there are no disposes," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的)changes in mental function, and involve solving Puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力)generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function,which could aid in understanding the process of dementia(痴呆),according to the researchers.“By following individuals over time,” Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline.”The researchers are currently analyzing, the study participants’ health andlifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.1. What is the common view of mental function?A. It varies from person to person.C. It gradually expands with age.B. It weakens in one’s later years.D. It indicates one’s health condition.2. What does the new study find about mental functions?A. Some diseases inevitably lead to their decline.B. They reach a peak at the age of 20 for most people.C. They are closely related to physical’ and mental exercise.D. Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.3. What does Timothy Salthouse say about people’s minds in most cases?A. They tend to decline in people’s later years.B. Their flexibility determines one’s abilities.C. They function quite well even in old age.D. Their functioning is still a puzzle to be solved.4. Although people’s minds may function less flexibly as they age, they_____.A. may be better at solving puzzlesB. can memorize things with more easeC. may have greater facility in abstract reasoningD. can put what they have learnt into more effective use5. According to Salthouse, their study may help us_____.A. find ways to slow down our mental declineB. find ways to boost our memoriesC. understand the complex process of mental functioningD. understand the relation between physical and mental health阅读理解Section C试题第六套When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done. These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m. research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Doesone make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs. "task tinge." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.1.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A. It makes everybody time-conscious.B. It is a convenience for work and life.C. It may have a negative effect on creative work.D. It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.2.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A. They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B. They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C. They set a time limit for each specific task.D. They accomplish their tasks one by one.3.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A. They seize opportunities as they come up.B. They always get their work done in time.C. They have more control-over their lives.D. They tend to be more productive.4.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A. It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B. It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C. It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D. It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.5.What do the researchers suggest?A. Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B. It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C. Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D.A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.阅读理解Section C 试题第七套The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores－Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance－you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa.Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old－fashioned. But earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit weird that spending it should happen in haft a blink (眨眼). of an eye? Doesn't a wallet－that time－honoured Friday－night feeling of pleasing, promising fatness－represent something that matters?But I'll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is the change it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet－the way the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold and silver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets－is the very opposite of what our world is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad..The rounded edges, cool glass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper and peering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show your wallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.1. What is happening to the wallet?A. It is disappearing.B. It is being fattened.C. It is becoming costly.D. It is changing in style.2. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?A. Individually.B. Electronically.C. In the abstract.D. Via a cash register.3. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A. Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B. The pleasing Friday－night feeling is fading.C. Earning money is getting more difficult.D. Spending money is so fast and easy.4. Why does the author choose to write about what's happening to the wallet?A. It represents a change in the modern world.B. It has something to do with everybody's life.C. It marks the end of a time－honoured tradition.D. It is the concern of contemporary economists.5. What can we infer from the passage about the author?A. He is resistant to social changes.B. He is against technological progress.C. He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D. He feels insecure in the ever－changing modern world.阅读理解Section C试题第八套If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer.A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed.A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.1. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.2. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.3. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B. High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.4. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.5. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.阅读理解Section C试题第九套The endless debate about " work-life balance" often contains a hopeful footnote about stay-at-home dads. If American society and business won't make it easier on future female leaders who choose to have children, there is still the ray of hope that increasing numbers of full-time fathers will. But based on today's socioeconomic trends, this hope is, unfortunately, misguided.It's true that the number of men who have left work to do their thing as full-time parents has doubled in a decade, but it's still very small; only 0. 8% of married couples where the stay-at-home father was out of the labor force for a year. Even that percentage is likely inflated by men thrust into their caretaker role by a downsizing. This is simply not a large enough group to reduce the social stigma and force other adjustments necessary to supporting men in this decision, even if only for a relatively。

普通高校专升本英语阅读理解专项强化真题试卷17(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Students can travel in the United States without spending too much money if they follow these suggestions. A travel agent can give you information on special economy fares for trains, buses and planes. Think about hiking or biking for a part of your trip, too. You’ll not only save money, but you’ll also see a lot more of the country. Some students may want to travel by car. Be sure to think about going with other students —many colleges have “ride boards”that list when and where other students plan to travel. Many radio stations provide the same sort of service —they announce who’s driving where, when, how many riders they will take and what the expenses will be. There are many inexpensive, older hotels near bus or train stations. Check your travel guide for names of the best. Many parts of the country also have youth hostels where young people can stay for only a few dollars a night. You don’t have to eat in restaurants all the time, but we don’t recommend a diet of candy and cola, either. You can usually get a healthy, cheap breakfast in a restaurant. If the weather is warm, you can buy food in supermarkets or at roadside stands and have a picnic for lunch. For dinner you can get the names of good, cheap restaurants from travel guides or friends.1．The passage tells students ______.A．how to get help while travelingB．how to make travel plansC．how to use less money while travelingD．how to choose hotels正确答案：C解析：主旨题。

17级非音体美阅读理解Section C试题阅读理解Section C第一套Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 and 5 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 hea lthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participantswith a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.1. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.2. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping p atterns.3. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the d ifferences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.4. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.5. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.1. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.2. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.3. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.4. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise5. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility阅读理解Section C第二套Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 and 5 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and manymore. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的) industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control,” he said. “IN academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.”But if aging were recogn ized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understand that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damage,” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of dea th were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”1. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause not alarm whatsoever.B) They just cannot do anything about it.C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D) They can delay it with advances in science.2. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated. C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.B) It can be as risky as heart disease. D) It is an irreversible biological process.3. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.4. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in people’s aging process.5. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导), a nd have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too. “Say, you know, this is the best student I’ve ever had,” says Kuheli Dutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter: ‘The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise,’ but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind.”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geosciences. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geosciences.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geosciences are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than out-standing letters of recommendation.“We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental lev el or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.1. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.2. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.3. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.4. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.5. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendatio n writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.阅读理解Section C第三套Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 and 5 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What's indisputable is that it's growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there's little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisation went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的) businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city's population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.1. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A. They have more slums than other cities in the world.B. They are growing fast without becoming richer.C. They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D. They attract migrants who want to be better off.2. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A. It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B. It started when people's income was relatively high.C. It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D. It started with the improvement of people's livelihood.3. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A. It lacks adequate transport facilities. C. It is on the whole too densely populated.B. The living expenses there are too high. D. The local governments are corrupted.4. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A. They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B. They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C. They have developed at the expense of nature.D. They depend far more on foreign investment.5. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A. Lowering of apartment rent. C. More rational overall planning.B. Better education for residents. D. A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there's been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.1.It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to haveA. an advanced academic degree C. a firm belief in their dreamB. an ambition to get ahead D. a sense of drive and purpose2. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A. More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B. It remains alive among the majority of American people.C. Americans' idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D. An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.3. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A. It still remains open to debate. C. It is no longer as important as it used to be.B. It has proved to be beyond doubt. D. It is much better understood now than ever.4. How do some people view college education these days?A. It promotes gender equality. C. It adds to cultural diversity.B. It needs to be strengthened. D. It helps broaden their minds.5. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A. A desire to learn and to adapt. C. A willingness to commit oneself.B. A strong sense of responsibility. D. A clear aim and high motivation.阅读理解Section C第四套Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The phrase almost completes itself: midlife crisis. It's the stage in the middle of the journey when people feel youth vanishing, their prospects narrowing and death approaching.There's only one problem with the cliché（套话）. It isn't true."In fact, there is almost no hard evidence for midlife crisis other than a few small pilot studies conducted decades ago," Barbara Hagerty writes in her new book, Life Reimagined. The bulk of the research shows that there may be a pause, or a shifting of gears in the 40s or 50s, but this shift "can beexciting, rather than terrifying. "Barbara Hagerty looks at some of the features of people who turn midlife into a rebirth. They break routines, because "autopilot is death." They choose purpose over happiness—having a clear sense of purpose even reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease. They give priority to relationships, as careers often recede （逐渐淡化）.Life Reimagined paints a picture of middle age that is far from gloomy. Midlife seems like the second big phase of decision-making. Your identity has been formed; you've built up your resources; and now you have the chance to take the big risks precisely because your foundation is already secure.Karl Barth described midlife precisely this way. At middle age, he wrote, "the sowing is behind; now is the time to reap. The run has been taken; now is the time to leap. Preparation has been made; now is the time for the venture of the work itself."The middle-aged person, Barth continued, can see death in the distance, but moves with a "measured haste" to get big new things done while there is still time.What Barth wrote decades ago is even truer today. People are healthy and energetic longer. We have presidential candidates running for their first term in office at age 68, 69 and 74. A longer lifespan is changing the narrative structure of life itself. What could have been considered the beginning of a descent is now a potential turning point—the turning point you are most equipped to take full advantage of.1. What does the author think of the phrase "midlife crisis"?A. It has led to a lot of debate.B. It is widely acknowledged.C. It is no longer fashionable.D. It misrepresents real life.2. How does Barbara Hagerty view midlife?A. It may be the beginning of a crisis.B. It can be a new phase of one's life.C. It can be terrifying for the unprepared.D. It may see old-age diseases approaching.3. How is midlife pictured in the book Life Reimagined?A. It can be quite rosy.B. It can be burdensome.C. It undergoes radical transformation.D. It makes for the best part of one's life.4. According to Karl Barth, midlife is the time ______.A.to relaxB.to matureC.to harvestD.to reflect5. What does the author say about midlife today?A. It is more meaningful than other stages of life.B. It is likely to change the narrative of one's life.C. It is more important to those with a longer lifespan.D. It is likely to be a critical turning point in one's life.Passage TwoQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter's end. So it's no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered "eggs" that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too."There's something about their delicate nature that appeals to me," says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. "I've broken eggs at every stage of the process—from the very beginning to the very, very end. "But there's an appeal in that vulnerability. "There's part of this sickening horror of knowing you're walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second" Chast's designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil."There's an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world," says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.The tradition, dating back to 300 B. C., was later incorporated into the Christian church. The old symbols, however, still endure. A decorated egg with a bird on it, given to a young married couple, is a wish for children. A decorated egg thrown into the field would be a wish for a good harvest.1. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg?A. It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.B. It is their major source of protein in winter.C. It can easily be made into a work of art.D. It can bring wealth and honor to them.2. What do we learn about the decorated "eggs" in Russia?A. They are shaped like jewel cases.B. They are cherished by the rich.C. They are heavily painted in red.D. They are favored as a form of art.3. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition?A. Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.B. Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.C. Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.D. Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.4. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs?A. She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.B. She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.C. She always derives great pleasure from designing something new.D. She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.5. What do we learn from the passage about egg-painting?A. It originated in the eastern part of Europe.B. It has a history of over two thousand years.C. It is the most time-honored form of fancy art.。

17级非音体美阅读理解Section B试题15套阅读理解Section B第一套Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I havereturned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning whatkind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material andguessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-classexam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012,125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” thoug h if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale,made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends onthe subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. V ocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch.“There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject andcourse difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser,a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior atMiddlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to lo nger term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, th ey should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-takingabilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze.And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be a piece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpenedpencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.1. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.2. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in othercourses.3. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful tostudents.4. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.5. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.6. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the examsmore difficult than they actually are.7. Different students may prefer different types of exams.8. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home examdepends on type of course being taught.9. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.10. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.阅读理解Section B第二套Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren’t you curious about what happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video,” a reporter from TMZ challengedNational Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the casino (堵场) yourself?” Theimplication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestionthat there is something wrong wit h not wanting to search out the truth. “I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year. referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack ofcuriosity is a problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one’s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire toKnow and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering, he writes, from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity”was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledges, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that a questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google, for which Leslie express admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊). He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地), he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: “One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon’s entertainment.” If only!K) Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的) scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third keyfactor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: “Childhood c uriosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”L) School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated an upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M) Although Leslie’s book isn’t about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leader of other organizations, should be curious.They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.N) He present as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after-effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 rem ark that we have to be wary of the “unknown unknowns” were mistaken. Rumsfeld’s idea, Leslie writes, “wasn't absurd—it was smart.” He adds, “The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice.”O) All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let’s be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.1. To b e curious, we need to realize first of all that there are many things we don’t know.2. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’s success.3. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge’s sake.4. Political leaders’ lack of curio sity will result in bad consequences.5. There are often accusations about politicians’ and the media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.6. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.7. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.8. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.9. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’s decl ining curiosity.10. Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.阅读理解Section B第三套Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA. About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B. My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college andfor a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C. I've made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As Idiscovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D. It seems, too, that I'm part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts(手工艺). The Craft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my friend's three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a "Stitch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E. But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F. Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities' main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby's five weeks in the intensive care unit, "learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It's a hobby that I've stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems."G. A recent email from the yarn (纺纱) company Red Heart titled "Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting" prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H. For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects canimprove children's math skills.I. Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it's challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there's less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J. I've found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的) fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K. A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L. Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M. Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not showsimilar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N. In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O. Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.1. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.2. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.3. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.4. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one's health and prolongs one's life.5. Knitting diverts people's attention from their pain.6. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.7. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.8. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.9. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.10. The products of knitting can increase one's sense of self-respect.阅读理解Section B第四套Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The blessing and curse of the people who never forgetA handful of people can recall almost every day of their lives in enormous detail – and after years of research, neuroscientists are finally beginning to understand how they do it.A) For most of us, memory is a kind of scrapbook, a mess of blurred and faded snapshots of our lives. As much as we would like to cling on to our past, even the most poignant (beautiful and meaningful) moments can be washed away with time.B) Ask Nima Veiseh what he was doing for any day in the past 15 years, however, and he will give you the minutiae (very small details) of the weather, what he was wearing, or even what side of the train he was sitting on his journey to work. "My memory is like a library of VHS tapes, walk-throughs of every day of my life from waking to sleeping," he explains.C) Veiseh can even put a date on when those tapes started recording: 15 December 2000, when he met his first girlfriend at his best friend's 16th birthday party. He had always had a good memory, but the thrill of young love seems to have shifted a gear in his mind: from now on, he would start recording his whole life in detail. "I could tell you everything about every day after that."D) Needless to say, people like Veiseh are of great interest to neuroscientists hoping to understand the way the brain records our lives. Quick explanations –such as the possibility that it may be associated with autism –have proven to be unfounded, but a couple of recent papers have finally opened a window on these people's extraordinary minds. And this research might even suggest ways for us all to relive our past with greater clarity.E) 'Highly superior autobiographical memory' (or HSAM for short), first came to light in the early 2000s, with a young woman named Jill Price. Emailing the neuroscientist and memory researcher Jim McGaugh one day, she claimed that she could recall every day of her life since the age of 12. Could he help explain her experiences?F) McGaugh invited her to his lab, and began to test her: he would give her a date and ask her to tell him about the world events on that day. True to her word, she was correct almost every time.G) It didn't take long for magazines and documentary film-makers to cotton on (realize what was happening) to her "total recall", and thanks to the subsequent media interest, a few dozen other subjects (including Veiseh) have since come forward and contacted the team at the University of California, Irvine.H) Interestingly, their memories are highly self-centred: although they can remember "autobiographical" life events in extraordinary detail, they seem to be no better than average at recalling impersonal (not personal) information, such as random lists of words. Nor are they necessarily better at remembering a round of drinks, say (they are also not better than average people at remembering what drinks their friends order when they are in the bar) "Sometimes I don't remember what happened five minutes ago, but I can remember a detail from 22 January 2008," explains "Bill", who asked us not to use his full name to avoid unwanted attention. And although their memories are vast, they are susceptible to some of the mistakes we all make: in 2013, Lawrence Patihis (now at the University of Southern Mississippi) and colleagues found that people with HSAM still suffer from "false memories". They can be primed to (trained to, taught to) remember world events that never actually occurred, for instance. Clearly, there is no such thing as a "perfect" memory – their extraordinary minds are still using the same flawed tools that the rest of us rely on. The question is, how?I) Lawrence Patihis at the University of Southern Mississippi recently studied around20 people with HSAM and found that they scored particularly high on two measures: fantasy proneness and absorption. Fantasy proneness could be considered a tendency to imagine and daydream, whereas absorption is the tendency to allow your mind to become fully absorbed in an activity to pay complete attention to the sensations and the experiences. "I'm extremely sensitive to sounds, smells and visual detail," explains Nicole Donohue, who has taken part in many of these studies. "I definitely feel things more strongly than the averageperson."J) The absorption helps them to establish strong foundations for a recollection, says Patihis, and the fantasy proneness means that they revisit those memories again and again in the coming weeks and months. Each time this initial memory trace is "replayed", it becomes even stronger. In some ways, you probably go through that process after a big event like your wedding day – but the difference is that thanks to their other psychological tendencies, the HSAM subjects are doing it day in, day out, for the whole of their lives.K) Not everyone with a tendency to fantasise will develop HSAM, though, so Patihis suggests that something must have caused them to think so much about their past "Maybe some experience in their childhood meant that they became obsessed with calendars and what happened to them," says Patihis.L) The people with HSAM I've interviewed would certainly agree that it can be a mixed blessing. On the plus side, it allows you to relive the most transformative and enriching experiences. Veiseh, for instance, travelled a lot in his youth. In his spare time, he visited the local art galleries, and the paintings are now lodged deep in his autobiographical memories.M) "Imagine being able to remember every painting, on every wall, in every gallery space, between nearly 40 countries," he says. "That's a big education in art by itself." With this comprehensive knowledge of the history of art, he has since become a professional painter.N) Donohue, now a history teacher, agrees that it helped during certain parts of her education. "I can definitely remember what I learned on certain days at school. I could imagine what the teacher was saying or what it looked like in the book."O) Not everyone with HSAM has experienced these benefits, however. Viewing the past in high definition can make it very difficult to get over pain and regret. "It can be very hard to forget embarrassing moments," says Donohue. "You feel the same emotions—it is just as raw, just as fresh... You can't turn off that stream of memories, no matter how hard you try." Veiseh agrees. "It is like having these open wounds—they are just a part of you," he says.。

大学英语c考试题目及答案大学英语C考试题目及答案一、听力理解（共20分）A节（共10分）1. （共5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

每段对话读两遍。

对话1：M: Have you finished your homework, Susan?F: Yes, I have. I just need to check it again.问题：What is Susan going to do next?A. Do her homework.B. Check her homework.C. Hand in her homework.答案：B对话2：F: The weather forecast says it will rain this afternoon. M: I don't believe it. The sky is so clear now.问题：What does the man mean?A. He doesn't trust the weather forecast.B. He thinks it will rain.C. He has seen the weather forecast.答案：A（后续对话和问题略）B节（共10分）2. （共10分）听下面一段对话，对话后有5个问题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

对话读两遍。

对话内容：M: Hi, Dr. Smith. I'm here for my appointment.F: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you today?M: I've been feeling really tired and run down lately.F: I see. Have you noticed any other symptoms?M: Yes, I've also been having trouble sleeping and I'velost my appetite.F: Let's do some tests to see what might be causing these problems.问题1：Why does Mr. Johnson visit Dr. Smith?A. He has an appointment.B. He wants to get some medicine.C. He is feeling tired and run down.答案：C（后续问题和答案略）二、阅读理解（共30分）A节（共10分）3. 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

17级音体美本科阅读理解Section A试题17级音体美阅读理解Section A第一套III.Reading comprehension(35points)Section Anew8，can use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular purpose.Before you buy an expensive9，or a service，do check the price and what is on offer.If possible. choose10three items or three estimates.A)possession B)save C)best D)appliance E)material F)from G)simple H)with I)in J)element K)model L)item M)easy N)adopt O)reasonableIII.Reading Comprehension(35points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given,in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.EachA.advocateB.amountC.confirmedD.crazyE.definiteF.differencesG.favoriteH.happeningI.ImmediatelyJ.NaturallyK.ObtainingL.PrimarilyM.ProtestN.RejectedO.theoriesIII.Reading Comprehension(35points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given,in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.EachBesides the money,another huge10to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global shortage of taxonomists(分类学家),experts say.A.attemptB.cheaperC.classifyD.coauthoredeF.effortG.enableH.especiallyI.exactlyJ.identifyK.obstacleL.smallM.soaringN.well-beingO.yetIII.Reading Comprehension(35points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given,in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.EachIII.Reading Comprehension(35points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given,in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.EachIII.Reading Comprehension(35points)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given,in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each17级音体美本科阅读理解Section A答案评分标准：本大题共5分，每小题0.5分，答错不给分。

17级音体美本科阅读理解Section C Passage Two试题17级音体美阅读理解Section C Passage Two试题第一套Passage TwoSign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language，and throw new light on an old scientific controversy：whether language，complete with grammar，is something that we are born With，or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington D. C.，the world‘s only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English，the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd：among themselves，students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code，each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time，American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语)。

上海外国语大学17级音体美阅读理解Section A试题阅读理解Section A第一套A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend lo someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 1 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases. Pigeons arc often seen as dirty birds and an urban 2 . but they arc just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 3 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 4 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained lo be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 5 with spreading disease rather than 6 it. but this long-tailed animal is highly 7 . Inside a rat’s nose are up to 1000 different types of olfactory receptors, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect 8 smells. As a result, some rats are being put lo work to detect TB (肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 9 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 10 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment It is also more accurate ---- the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.阅读理解Section A第二套The festive break is fast becoming a distant memory and for many, New Year fitness regimes are too. Despite2.6m people starting diets on New Year's Day, research suggests that by the end of the week 92 percent of dieters gave up, 1 exercise and gorging on comfort food.Findings 2 by weight loss firm XLS-Medical, suggest that the 3 majority are unsuccessful at sticking to their diets for more than five days a week. Two out of l0 dieters 4 they have their first diet relapse (退步) just four to five days in, with hunger cited as the main cause. Boredom and alcohol were 5 blamed for people failing to keep their health kick on track.Dr. Matt Capehorn, Clinical Director of the National Obesity Forum, 6 that just one day off from dieting can undo a week's worth of hard work. He told Female First: "A healthy diet, aimed at losing llb per week, relies on saving 3500 calories a week by having 500 calories less each day." "A day off the diet should mean that youeat the correct amount, but many dieters see it as an excuse to binge (大吃大喝) and have thousands of calories more than they need. "The results suggest that a 7 590,000 could already have 8 to stick to New Year diet resolutions.And a vast majority are unaware of the negative impact a single day off can have on their weight loss efforts.Yet 9 it was found only 5 percent of women stick to their diets until they've 10 their target weight.阅读理解Section A第三套It's our guilty pleasure; Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting __1__ can lead to obesity (肥胖症) and other diseases, researchers have now quantified just how __2__ being a couch potato can be.In an analysis of data from eight large __3__ published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel __4__ , the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes (糖尿病) rose 20% over 8. 5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a __5__ , and the odds of dying prematurely __6__ 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these __7__ are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary (久坐的) activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially __8__ at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to __9__ them.Even so, the authors admit that they didn't compare different sedentary activities to __10__ whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.阅读理解Section A第四套As a teacher, you could bring the community into your classroom in many ways. The parents and grandparents of your students are resources and __1__ for their children. They can be __2__ teachers of their own traditions and histories. Immigrant parents could talk about their country of __3__ and why they emigrated to the United States. Parents can be invited to talk about their jobs or a community project. Parents, of course, are not the only community resources. Employees at local businesses and staff at community agencies have __4__ information to share in classrooms.Field trips provide another opportunity to know the community. Many students don't have the opportunity to __5__ concerts or visit museums or historical sites except through field trips. A school district should have __6__ for selecting and conducting field trips. Families must be made __7__ of field trips and give permission for their children to participate.Through school projects, students can learn to be __8__ in community projects ranging from planting trees to cleaning up a park to assisting elderly people. Students, __9__ older ones, might conduct research on a community need that could lead to action by a city council or state government. Some schools require students to provide community service by __10__ in a nursing home, child care center or government agency. These projects help students understand their responsibility to the larger community.阅读理解Section A第五套Because conflict and disagreements are part of all close relationships, couples need to learn strategies for managing conflict in a healthy and constructive way. Some couples just__1__ and deny the presence of any conflict in a relationship. However, denying the existence of conflict results in couples_2__ to solve their problems at early stages, which can then lead to even greater problems later on. Not _3__, expressing anger and disagreement leads to lower marital (婚姻的)satisfaction at the beginning. However, this pattern of behavior _4___ increases in marital satisfaction over time. Research suggests that working through conflicts is an important predictor of marital satisfaction. So, what can you do to manage conflict in your own relationships? First, try to understand the other person’s point of view and put yourself in his or her place. People who are sensitive to what their partner thinks and feels_5___ greater relationship satisfaction. For example, researchers found that among people in dating relationships as well as marriages, those who can adopt their阅读理解Section A第六套Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionally illiterate (文盲). Many 1 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 2 Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and the United States. In a recent survey .of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries. Argentines, their neighbors, 3 18th.The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13 the government 4 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, by founding libraries and financing publishers among other things.One discouragement to reading is that books are 5 . Most books have small print-runs, pushing up their price.But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant the counties leaders long 6 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s.All this me Brazil’s book market has the biggest growth7 in the western world.But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004, 89 million, including textbooks 8 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director of Brazil's national library 9 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed and termites (白蚁）had eaten much of the 10 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.阅读理解Section A第七套An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 1 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building an d continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 2 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 3 the solar panel company, Solar century. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 4 of vertical solar pane ls. A vertical solar project on such a large 5 has never been repeated since. Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 6 over taken by the Millbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren't 7 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 8 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 9 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers cover ed in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 10 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.17级音体美阅读理解Section A试题答案阅读理解Section A第一套答案Section A1.K2.D3.M4. O5. A6. F7. H8.I9. C 10. B阅读理解Section A第二套答案Section A1.E2. G3. N4. J5. I6.C7. A8. O9. M 10. B阅读理解Section A第三套答案Section A1.H2.F3.I4.L5.C6. A7.G8.E9.B 10.D阅读理解Section A第四套答案Section A1. A2. E3. L4. N5.B6.G7.C8. H9. D 10. O阅读理解Section A第五套答案Section A1. A2. E3. O4. L5.D6.J7.H8. I9. M 10. K阅读理解Section A第六套答案Section A1. N2. A3. M4. F5.E6.H7.K8. C9. L 10. B阅读理解Section A第七套答案Section A1-10 E O F C N I K L A J。