过去分词作状语的用法归纳
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过去分词作状语一．过去分词作状语的基本用法：过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件；表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
过去分词可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。
1. 原因状语Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe他被浓烟呛了，几乎不能呼吸了。
Caught in a heavy rai n, he was all wet因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
Frightened by the noise in the night, the girl didn ' t dare受b sleep in h到夜晚响声的惊吓，那姑娘不敢睡在她的房间。
2. 时间状语Left to itself in the room, the baby began to cry.当被孤独地留在房间里时，婴儿哭了起来。
Asked why he did it, the mo nitor said it was his duty.当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
Approached in the dark, the lights looked Ion ely and purposeless在黑暗中走近时。
那些电灯显得孤单而无意义。
3. 条件状语Seen in this aspect, the matter isn ' t as serious as people gen如ally suppose果从这个角度看，问题并不像人们一般预料的那样'严重。
Grow n in rich soil, these seeds can grow fas如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
Give n better atte nti on, the accide nt could have bee n avoided.要是多加注意，那次事故就能避免了。
Watered more, these cabbages could have grow n better 如果多浇点水，这些大白菜还可以长的得更好。
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go和你相比，我们还有很大的差距。
4. 方式或伴随状语Surro un ded by his stude nts, the professor sat there cheerfully 那位教授在学生的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。
He stood there sile ntly, moved to tears.他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那位老人在妻子的搀扶下,走进了房间。
5. 让步状语Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandi created the principle of non viole ntresista nee.尽管受警察的殴打，被投入监狱，甘地却首创了非暴力抵抗的原则。
Defeated again, he didn ' t 1。
昴管e再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
Waitedby others for over half an hour, he didn ' t turn up尽管别人篦!了他半个多小时，他还是没有到会。
6. 独立成份（插入语）Give n good weather, our ship will reach Shan ghai on Mon day eve ninQ 假女口天气好，我们的船将于星期一晚上到达上海。
I ' d come and see you in New York, given the chance果有机会，我就至U纽约来看你。
Gen erally speak ing, people all believe what he has sai一般说来，人们都相信他所说的。
二．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别1.逻辑关系现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于：两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
He went out, shutting the door behind h im .他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for h e l p .由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
Give n more en courageme nt, the boy could have behaved better 如果多给这个孩子一些鼓励，他本来会表现得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.在遇至U困难时，我们必须设法克服。
3）部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示“被动关系”，其前不用being。
这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost in （陷入某种状态）、seated （坐着的）、hidden （躲着）、stationed （驻扌L）、lost/absorbed （沉溺于）、born in （出身于）、dressed in （穿着）、tired of （厌烦了）等。
Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn ' t hea因h为沉溺于思考中，所以他没有听至那个声音。
Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it. 出生于这个美丽的小镇，他不愿离开它。
2．时间概念过去分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动作同时发生或存在。
现在分词的一般式(doing)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行；现在分词的完成式(havingdone)表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个主动”动作；现在分词的完成式的被动式(havi ng been don e)常和表示次数的短语及时间段(fo叶一段时间)连用，表示发生在谓语动作之前的一个被动动作”这种情况下不能用过去分词替换，其它情况下通常被过去分词所替换，使句式更简洁。
Written in a hurry, this article was n ot so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。
Reading carefully, he found something he hadn ' t k他仔细读f^re.时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
Having fini shed his homework, he went home.完成了作业，他就回家了。
Having bee n discussed several times, the decisi on was fin ally mad 进行了几次讨论后，终于做出了决定。
注意：一般来说，不论是动词不定式作状语、-ing 分词做状语，还是动词的过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。
但是，有一些非谓语动词短语已经游离出来，成为单独的短语，在句子中作状语。
如：(1) exactly/honestly/frankly/generallyspeaking, 准确地说不过去/ 老实地说/坦率地说/ 一般说来。
如：Exactly speaki ng, he got here at eight fourtee n this morning 准确地说，今天早晨他是十八点十四分来到这里的。
Gen erally speak ing, a sn ake won ' t attack a man uni ess it 一般thfered.来，蛇是不会攻击人的除非你冒犯了它。
(2) judging from / by...从/ 根据某东西判断Judgi ng by his acce nt, he is from Hu nar从他的口音来判断，他是湖南人。
Judgi ng from what he said, he is very hon est从他所说的话来判断，它是很诚实的。
(3) providing / provided, 假如/如果Providi ng he follows our advice, we can help him要是他按我们的建议去做，我们就能帮助他。
Provided he is free, he is sure to come如果他有空，他肯定会来。
(4) considering...考虑到Con sideri ng he was just a little boy, we did n 考虑到他还s只是一个小孩，我们就没有惩罚他了。
Considering it was late, we didn ' t discuss考虑q到estft)不早了，我们就没有讨论这个问题了。
(5) thinking of...想到/考虑到Thinking of the environment we live in, the waste can ' t be thrown awaydirectly.考虑到我们所生存的环境，废物不能直接到处乱扔。
(6) talking of...谈到/说到Talk ing of math, he became excited 谈到数学，他就兴奋起来了。
此外，还有短语：taking...into consideration 把某事考虑进去；calculating roughly,粗略地计算；supposing..假定；to tell you the truth 实话告诉你；to be frank坦白地说；to beginwith首先要做的是；so to speak可以这么说；taken as a whole 从整体上来看；put frankly, 坦率地说；given that 鉴于等。
