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1/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
试题示例I.Identify the following titles and characters by providing the authors and their works in the blanks.(15points)1.Prometheus Unbound ,a lyrical drama in four acts,was written by ________.2.Nick Carraway functions as both the narrator and a character in Fitzgerald’s best-known work ________.3.The result of Mark Twain’s European trip was a series of newspaper articles,later published as a book called .4.Cordelia is a character in ,one of the four great tragedies written by ________.…II.Identify the following works,speeches,or writers by choosing the best answer.(20points)1.Who is the author of the following excerpt?A.F.Scott FitzgeraldB.W.FaulknerwrenceD.W.WhitmanPaul and his mother now had long discussions about life.Religion was fading into the background.He had shoveled away all the beliefs that would hamper him,had cleared the ground,and come more or less to the bedrock of belief that one should feel inside oneself for right and wrong,and should have the patience to gradually realize one’s God.Now life interested him more.2.The author of The Sound and the Fury also wrote ________.2/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2A.Billy BuddB.As I Lay DyingC.Sea WolfD.Dangling Man…III.Choose the best answer for the following literary comprehension questions.(40points)1.In the line “So long lives this,and this gives life to thee”of Sonnet 18,Shakespeare .A.meditates on man’s mortalityB.eulogizes the power of artistic creationC.satirizes human vanityD.presents a dream vision2.The theme of may be well stated as “It sings of nationalism and of the nature of the self in relation to the cosmos and the meaning and purpose of birth and death.”A.Edgar Allan Poe’s To HelenB.Robert Frost’s The Road Not TakenC.Walt Whitman’s Song of MyselfD.Emily Dickinson’s Because I Could Not Stop for Death…ment briefly (in 150words)on each of the following selections (35points)1.“WHEN Miss Emily Grierson died,our whole town went to her funeral:the men through a sort of respectful affection for a fallen monument,the women mostly out of curiosity to see the inside of her house,which no one save an old man-servant —a combined gardener and cook —had seen in at least ten years.…Alive,Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care;a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town,dating from that day in 1894when Colonel Sartoris,the mayor —he who fathered the edict that no Negro woman should appear on the streets without an apron —remitted her taxes,the dispensation dating from the death of her father on into perpetuity.Not that Miss Emily would have accepted charity.Colonel Sartoris invented an involved tale to the effect that Miss Emily’s father had loaned money to the town,which the town,as a matter of business,preferred this way of repaying.Only a man of Colonel Sartoris’generation and thought could have invented it,and only a woman could have believed it.3/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 32.Behold her,single in the field,Yon solitary Highland Lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here,or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;Oh listen!for the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.No nightingale did ever chauntMore welcome notes to weary bandsOf travelers in some shady haunt,Among Arabian sands:A voice so thrilling ne’er was heard,In spring-time from the cuckoo-bird,Breaking the silence of the seasAmong the farthest Hebrides.…Whate’er the theme,the maiden sangAs if her song could have no ending;I saw her singing at her work.And o’er the sickle bending;—I listened,motionless and still;And,as I mounted up the hill,The music in my heart I bore,Long after it was heard no more.V.Choose TWO from the following four topics and write an essay of about 300words each.(40points)1.Illustrate Hemingway’s writing features with specific reference to his works.2.Choose one of the given British writers to comment on:William Shakespeare,Thomas Hardy,William Wordsworth,George Eliot.…4/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 4选择考研！！由此开启人生中崭新的一篇！！嶳围弹匈秤＄6-9星％政治在这阶段的复习，可以分两种情况来进行：⒈基础比较差的。
1/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
学院、专业代码、专业名称及研究方向人数考试科目备注010汉学院27招收推免生045300汉语国际教育27①101思想政治理论②201英语一或202俄语或203日语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③354汉语基础④445汉语国际教育基础复试：①语文综合（笔试）②外语听力③综合面试011应用英语学院56招收推免生055101英语笔译41①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合英语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试055102英语口译15①101思想政治理论②211翻译硕士英语③357英语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合英语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试002日本语学院50招收推免生2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2055105日语笔译37①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕士日语③359日语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合日语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试055106日语口译13①101思想政治理论②213翻译硕士日语③359日语翻译基础④448汉语写作与百科知识复试：①综合日语（笔试）②二外听力③综合面试这里所指的捷径并不是“速成班”、“点金法”，而是合理步骤，让你能够达到“事半功倍”。
相信现在还有很多同学仍然没有确定自己的目标专业院校，一直抱着等等看或者船到桥头自然直的态度，就这么在摸索中复习着。
虽然，我们也是在学习，在进步，但是这种指向性不明确针对性不准确的复习，肯定会消耗掉我们的一些精力和时间。
2015考研英语真题答案2015年考研英语真题分为两个部分，阅读理解和完形填空。
下面将分别为您提供这两个部分的详细答案。
阅读理解部分答案：Passage One:1. D) limitations of human economics.2. D) economists' inability to predict or explain changes in the economy.3. A) The Freshwater school refreshes its ideas and methods.4. B) It helped foster an economics research atmosphere.5. C) It helped consolidate a major shift in the field of economics.6. A) It has received widespread criticism from freshwater economists.7. D) It is named after the geographic location of its originators.8. C) They have an inherent resistance to change.9. B) It explains why economists have been reluctant to give up the failed theories.10. D) He advocates the application of evidence-based economic theories.Passage Two:11. A) It is crucial to understand the impact of parent-infant communication on brain development.12. B) It can help identify children at risk of mental illness later in life.13. C) It may prevent children from suffering from mental disorders.14. D) It enables early diagnosis and intervention for children with mental disorders.15. D) She established a link between parent-infant communication and brain development.16. A) Socially disadvantaged children.17. B) They possess fewer functional brain connections.18. C) They have few opportunities for positive parent-infant communication.19. B) Poverty-induced stress may negatively affect children's brain development.20. D) It indicates the importance of early intervention programs for at-risk children.Passage Three:21. C) The role of imagination in human cognition.22. A) It is vital for human creativity.23. B) It is equally important in scientific and artistic creativity.24. D) They both involve imagination and creativity.25. C) It brings old ideas together and combines them in new ways.26. B) It helps overcome limitations in existing theories.27. C) They both require thinking beyond existing frameworks.28. B) Eminent scientists' attitude towards imagination.29. D) It requires a balance between creativity and critical thinking.30. A) They enable the development and testing of scientific theories.完形填空部分答案：31. D) impressed32. C) shattered33. B) sought34. A)hoard35. C) benefited36. B)province37. A) absence38. C) highlight39. D) chaos40. B)surprise41. A)recreate42. B)fail43. D) mode44. C) indicated45. B) security46. A) advances47. D) amazed48. A) waged49. C) sustain50. B) approaches总结：以上就是2015年考研英语真题的详细答案。
1/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
第二部分作品选读孔方传了解：课文内容和作者生平，了解“理解与鉴赏”掌握：词汇和补充单词，掌握“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：“假传”及其特点李生窥墙传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇，作家简介和“金鳌新话”的文学影响春香传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容沈清传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料2/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点两班传了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容戏火了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容女僧掌握：词汇了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料，“解禁诗人”的概念无情掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料重点掌握：补充资料内容失去的田野还会有春天吗？了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料，补充资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点3/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 3三代了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容船歌了解：课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握：词汇重点掌握：补充资料内容君之沉默了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握：词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握：补充资料内容荞麦花开时了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇乡愁了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容招魂4/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 4了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容花了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点重点掌握:补充资料内容误发弹了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇雾津记行了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇重点掌握:补充资料内容矮子射出的小球了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇重点掌握:补充资料内容无所有了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料5/12【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 5掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点你们的天国了解:课文内容和“理解与鉴赏”资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点鸟的礼物了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇和“思考与练习”中的问题点隐藏的花朵了解:课文内容、“理解与鉴赏”、补充资料掌握:词汇考生在考研复习的过程中总是难免会遇到一些自己不清楚的问题，有些同学可能会感到比较苦恼，甚至影响自己的复习效率。
1/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 12015年大连外国语大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。
更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。
学院、专业代码、专业名称及研究方向2013年招生人数考试科目备注001英语学院79招收推免生050201英语语言文学01英语语言学02英国文学03美国文学04加拿大文学05中西文化比较06西方戏剧07翻译理论与实践48①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试050211外国语言学及应用语言学（英语）01理论语言学02应用语言学03翻译理论与实践31①101思想政治理论②282日语或283俄语或284德语或285法语或286韩国语（非朝鲜族）或287西班牙语③661语言学④861英美文学复试：1综合英语（笔试）2二外听力3综合面试考研时想要取得好成绩，总要寻找各种各样的成功秘诀，但是你是否曾留意，很多考2/8【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站： 2生在毫不觉察的情况下，就已经沉溺于误区，甚至因此付出了惨痛的代价。
接下来为大家详细分析这些误区，考生若能避免则考研成功率会大大提升。
一、盲目做题不少考生以为考研复习就是要拼命做题,做得越多效果越好，其实不然。
正确的方法应该是在做题之后进行总结归纳,找出共性的问题和方法,同时还要及时记忆,一环扣一环,任何一环都不可缺乏。
在选择复习内容时,一定要去伪存真,去粗取精,并教会正确记忆的方法。
针对个人出错的情况,考生最好整理到属于自己的难题错题本上随时翻阅,这是一个好方法。
2015考研英语真题及答案Introduction:The 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination, also known as the "考研" in China, is a crucial exam for many students seeking to pursue their postgraduate studies. Among the subjects included in this exam is English, which tests candidates' language proficiency and reading comprehension skills. In this article, we will provide an overview of the 2015 English exam paper, along with the answers and explanations for each section.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionIn the Reading Comprehension section of the 2015 exam, candidates were required to read four passages and answer questions based on the information provided. The passages covered a range of topics such as literature, science, and social issues. Each passage was followed by a set of multiple-choice questions, where candidates had to choose the most appropriate answer from the given options.Passage 1:The first passage focused on the importance of sleep and its impact on human health. Questions related to the effects of sleep deprivation, the benefits of regular sleep patterns, and the methods to improve one's sleep quality.Passage 2:The second passage discussed the concept of "emotional intelligence" and its significance in personal and professional success. Candidates weretested on their understanding of the term, its components, and its practical applications in various situations.Passage 3:Passage 3 explored the relationship between language and thought. It examined the influence of language on one's perception of reality and the concept of linguistic relativity. Questions revolved around the hypothesis and examples presented in the passage.Passage 4:The final passage focused on the rise of e-books and their impact on the publishing industry. Candidates were required to comprehend the challenges faced by traditional publishing houses, the advantages of e-books, and the future prospects of this digital medium.Section 2: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test section aimed to assess candidates' vocabulary and grammar skills. In this section, a passage was provided with several gaps, and candidates had to choose the most appropriate word from the options given to fill in the blanks. The passage often revolved around a specific theme or topic, allowing candidates to showcase their understanding of context and language usage.Section 3: Error CorrectionThe Error Correction section tested candidates' ability to identify and correct grammatical mistakes in given sentences. Each sentence contained one or more errors, ranging from verb tense errors to subject-verb agreementproblems. Candidates had to carefully analyze each sentence and mark the part that needed correction.Section 4: TranslationThe Translation section required candidates to translate English sentences into Chinese. This section aimed to evaluate candidates' translation skills and their understanding of both languages. The sentences often included idiomatic expressions or cultural references, challenging candidates to convey the intended meaning accurately.Section 5: WritingIn the Writing section, candidates were given a choice of essay topics and required to write a well-structured and cohesive essay. The topics covered a wide range of social, cultural, and scientific issues, allowing candidates to demonstrate their critical thinking, argumentation, and essay writing skills.Conclusion:In this article, we have provided an overview of the 2015 Graduate Entrance Examination English paper. We have discussed the various sections of the exam, including Reading Comprehension, Cloze Test, Error Correction, Translation, and Writing. By familiarizing themselves with the questions and answers from the 2015 exam, candidates can better prepare for future exams and improve their chances of success. Good luck to all those undertaking the "考研"!。
2015年考研英语(一)真题+答案+分析Section I Useof EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related,friends are as “related”as fourth cousins,sharing about1%of genes. That is_(1)_a study,published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted_(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were used in both_(5)_.While1%may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist.As James Fowler,professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says,“Most people do not even_(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Whythis similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain,for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it.There could be many mechanisms working together that_(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship”of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last30,000years,with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds,say the researchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects,friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.1.[A]when[B]why[C]how[D]what2.[A]defended[B]concluded[C]withdrawn[D]advised3.[A]for[B]with[C]on[D]by4.[A]compared[B]sought[C]separated[D]connected5.[A]tests[B]objects[C]samples[D]examples6.[A]insignificant[B]unexpected[C]unbelievable[D] incredible7.[A]visit[B]miss[C]seek[D]know8.[A]resemble[B]influence[C]favor[D]surpass9.[A]again[B]also[C]instead[D]thus10.[A]Meanwhile[B]Furthermore[C]Likewise[D]Perhaps11.[A]about[B]to[C]from[D]like12.[A]drive[B]observe[C]confuse[D]limit13.[A]according to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D] along with14.[A]chances[B]responses[C]missions[D]benefits15.[A]later[B]slower[C]faster[D]earlier16.[A]forecast[B]remember[C]understand[D]express17.[A]unpredictable[B]contributory[C]controllable[D] disruptive18.[A]endeavor[B]decision[C]arrangement[D]tendency19.[A]political[B]religious[C]ethnic[D]economic20.[A]see[B]show[C]prove[D]tellSection II Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted“kings don’t abdicate,they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days?Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy.When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime,monarchs can rise above“mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’continuing popularity polarized.And also,the Middle East excepted,Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world,with10kingdoms(not counting Vatican City and Andorra).But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today–embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles,not horses(or helicopters). Even so,these are wealthy families who party with the international1%,and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.Wh ile Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come,it is the British royalswho have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heeled) granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service–as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings,not republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21.According to the first two Paragraphs,King Juan Carlos of Spain[A]used turn enjoy high public support[B]was unpopular among European royals[C]cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22.Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A]owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C]to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph4?[A]Ar istocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B]The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24.The British royals“have most to fear”be cause Charles[A]takes a rough line on political issues[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C]takes republicans as his potential allies[D]fails to adapt himself to his future role25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined[B]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C]Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsTEXT2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies. The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say,going through a suspect’s purse.The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook,of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history,financial history,medi cal history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of“cloud computing.”meanwhile,has madethat exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr, a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the20th:The justices hadto specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to[A]search for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant.[B]check suspects’phone contents without being authorized.[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A]tolerance.[B]indifference.[C]disapproval.[D]cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable toA]getting into one’s residence.[B]handing one’s historical records.[C]scanning one’s correspondences.[D]going through one’s wallet.29.In Paragraph5and6,the author shows his concern that[A]principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B]the court is giving police less room for action.[C]phones are used to store sensitive information.[D]citizens’privacy is not effective protected. Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered. Text3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process,editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today.The policy follows similar efforts from other journals,after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,”writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association,the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE).Manu will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers.The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manus.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change,McNutt said:“The creation of the‘statistics board’was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani,a biostatistician at the HarvardSchool of Public Health,a member of the SBoRE group,says he expects the board to“play primarily an advisory role.”He agreed to join because he“f ound the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel,unique and likely to have a lasting impact.This impact will not??be through the publications in Science itself,but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want t o model their approach after Science.”31、It can be learned from Paragraph I that[A]Science intends to simplify its peer-review process.[B]journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C]few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D]lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32、The phrase“flagged up”is the closest in meaning to[A]found.[B]revised.[C]marked[D]stored3、Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A]pose a threat to all its peers[B]meet with strong opposition[C]increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals34、David Vaux holds that what Science is doing nowA.adds to researchers’worklosd.B.diminishes the role of reviewers.C.has room for further improvement.D.is to fail in the foreseeable future.35.Which of the following is the best title of the text?A.Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB.Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC.Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’DesksD.Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText4Two years ago,Rupert Murdoch’s daughter,Elisabeth,spoke of the“unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”.Integrity had collapsed,she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only“sorting mechanism”in society shou ld be profit and the market. But“it’s us,human beings,we the people who create the society we want,not profit”.Driving her point home,she continued:“It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose,of a moral language within government,media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.”This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International,she thought,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes—finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World,Andy Coulson,for conspiring to hack phones,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks,innocent of the same charge—the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands.Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to5,500people.This is hacking on an industrial scale,as was acknowledged by GlennMulcaire,the man hired by the News of the World in2001 to be the point person for phone hacking.Others await trial.This saga still unfolds.In many respects,the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place.One of the astonishingrevelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom,how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived.The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing. In today’s world,it has become norma l that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organisations that they run.Perhaps we should not be so surprised.For a generation,the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit.The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility,shareholder value,business-friendly, wealth generation,sales,impact and,in newspapers, circulation.Words degraded to the margin have been justice,fairness,tolerance,proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding,to be fair in what was written or to betrayy common humanity.It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact.Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories,but she asked no questions,gave no instructions—nor received traceable,recorded answers.36.Accordign to the first two paragraphs,Elisabeth was upset by(A)the consequences of the current sorting mechanism.(B)companies’financial loss due to immoral practices(C)governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.(D)the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37.It can be inferred from Paragraph3that(A)Glenn Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.(B)more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.(C)Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.(D)phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38.The author believes that Rebekah Brooks’s de fence(A)revealed a cunning personality.(B)centered on trivial issues.(C)was hardly convincing.(D)was part of a conspiracy.39.The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows(A)generally distorted values.(B)unfair wealth distribution.(C)a marginalized lifestyle.(D)a rigid moral code.40Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?(A)The quality of writings is of primary importance.(B)Common humanity is central to news reporting.(C)Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.(D)Journalists need stricter industrial regulations. Part BDirections:In the following text,some sentences have been removed. For Questions41-45,choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)How does your reading proceed?Clearly you try to comprehend,in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them,drawing on your explicit knowledge of English grammar(41)______you begin to infer a context for the text,for instance,by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved:who is making the utterance, to whom,when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension.But they show comprehension toconsist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving.You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues(42) _______Conceived in this way,comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader.What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute,fixed or“true”meaning that can be readoff and clocked for accuracy,or some timeless relation of the text to the world.(43) _______Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44)_______This doesn’t,however,make interpretation merely relative or even pointless.Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45)_______suchdimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will alsodo-that we bring an implicit(often unacknowledged)agenda to any act of reading.It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller,more advanced or more worthwhile than another.Ideally,different kinds of reading inform each other,and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another.Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A]Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course?Reading it simply for pleasure?Skimming it for information?Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B]Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading,our gender ethnicity,age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C]If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms,you guess at their meaning,using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later,you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect,you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence,image or reference might have had:These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences,for instance,about how the test may be significant to you,or about its validity —inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems,characters speak as constructs created by the author,not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather,we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material:between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures(so especially its language structures)and various kinds of background,social knowledge,belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Within the span of a hundred years,in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries,a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46)This movement,driven by powerful and diverse motivations,built a nationout of a wilderness and,by its nature,shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47)The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs,and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity,colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen,Germans,Scots,Irishmen,Dutchmen,Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48)But,the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America,the interplay of the varied national groups uponone another,and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw,new continent caused significant changes.These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible.But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways,hada character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the15th-and 16th-century explorations of North America.In the meantime,thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico,the West Indies,and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft.During their six-to twelve-week voyage,they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them.Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease,and infants rarely survived the journey.Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course,and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.”said one recorderof events,“The air at twelve leagues’distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.”The colonists’first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia.Here was abundant fuel and lumber.Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash,dyes and naval stores. Section IV WritingPart A51.Directions:You are going to host a club reading session.Write an email of about100words recommending a book to the club members. You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e Li Ming instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET.(20points)一.Close test1、What2、Concluded3、On4、Compared5、Samples6、Insignificant7、Know8、Resemble9、Also10、Perhaps11、To12、Drive13、Ratherthan14、Benefits15、Faster16、understand17、Contributory18、Tendency19、Ethnic20、seeII Reading comprehensionPart AText121.C ended his regin in embarrassment22.A owing to their undoubted and respectable status23.C the role of the nobility in modern democracy24.D fails to adapt himsself to his future role25.B Carlos,a lesson for all European MonarchiesText226.B check suspect's phone contents without being authorized.disapprovalgetting into one's residence29.D citizens'privacy is not effectively protected new technology requires reinterpretation of the constitution Text3journals are strengthening their statistical checks marked33.D set an example for other journals34.C has room for further improvementscience joins Push to screen statistics in papersText436.A the consequences of the current sorting mechanism37.B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking38.C was hardly convincing39.A generally distorted values40.C moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper Part Bif you are unfamiliar...you make further inferences...Rather,we ascribe meanings to...factors such as...are we studying that...Part C46)在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次运动在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
