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高中英语定语从句专项讲练

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1 / 5 定语从句专项讲练

一、定语从句就是用一个句子作定语，这个句子要有引导词〔关系代词和关系副

词〕来引导。关系代词：who ,whom ,whose , that ,which, as关系副词：when,

where, why.引导词的选择是学习定语从句的重难点。

1、 首先考虑定语从句中所缺少的句子成分，从而确定适宜的引导词。关系代词可充当主语、宾语、

表语、定语等。关系副词或介词+which/whom可充当状语.

eg.He lived in the house which /that stood lonely at the foot of the hill. (主语〕

He lived in the house (which /that )he had built with his own hands.( 宾语〕

He lived in the house where/in which he was born forty years ago .( 状语〕

He lived in the house whose walls were painted white .〔定语〕

He lived in the house the walls of which were painted white .(介宾〕

2、只用that 的情况。

(1)先行词是all ,few, little ,much,something , nothing , anything 时。

(2)指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

(3)指物的先行词被 all ,any ,every , each ,few , little , no , some 修饰时。

(4)指物的先行词被the only ,the very,the same , the last 修饰时.

(5) 先行词既有人又有物时。

(6)句子开头已用疑问词who ,which 时。

(7)先行词在句中作表语时.

上述七种情况中的先行词假设是指人时可用who.

eg. I am the only person in my office who was invited to the party .

3、关系代词which 可代替前面句子的全部或局部内容.

eg. They are hollow , which makes them very light .

We had to sleep in our wet clothes , which was most uncomfortable .

4.as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的用法与区别.

as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句,都可以整个主句或主句局部内容.如下情况两者都可:

(1) as 和 which 在从句中都可作表语和主语.

eg. He married her , as / which was natural.

He was sick , as /which some of the other passengers were.

(2)as 和which 在从句中都可用作与物动词的宾语.

eg. He is fond of music , as / which I'm glad to hear.

I was very useful to him , as / which he realized.

区别: (1) as 可在句首,句中,句末. which 只能位于主句之后.

eg. As our teacher points out , that is of benefit to the people .

This machine , as might be expected, has stopped operating.

这两句中的as 不能用which 代替.

(2) as 含有"按照,正如,根据"的意思,which 没有,由as 引导的定语从句通常在意义上不可与主句相悖,且多为肯定句,对主句的意义进展补充,相当于一个插入语.

eg. 误: She has married again , as was unexpected.

正 : She has married again, which was unexpected. word

2 / 5 正:As is announced in today's paper , they have succeeded in solving many problems .

列固定结构中,只用as:

as has been said before 如前所述

as is often the case 情况常常如此

as often happens 正如常常发生的那样

as is well known 众所周知

as may be imagined 这可以想象得出来

as we all can see 正如我们大家能看到的那样

5. 先行词前有such, the same , as 限制时,定语从句的引导词用as,表示同类物；用that

表示同一物。

eg. Tom has the same pen as you (have).〔Tom拥有的钢笔和你的属于同一类〕

He is the same boy that we want to see.〔他和我们想见的为同一个人〕

比拟: We will meet at the same place where (不用as)we met yesterday .

Such a nice room where (不用as)you lived in your childhood seemed unthinkable .

(in的宾语为your childhood,与引导词无关)

6.如下情况关系副词一般不用when, 而用that,或省略.

(1)先行词为作状语的介词短语中介词的宾语时.

eg.During the days (that) he stayed in Taian, he learned a lot .

(2) 从句修饰by the time ,every time , the moment 时

eg. Every time (that) he came , he would ask the same three questions.

By the time she got there, the meeting had ended.

二、学生使用定语从句时的常见误区：

1〕受思维定势的干扰，只偏重先行词，忽略了定语从句的所缺成分：

(1)I can’t understand the reason_______ he gave us for not coming here on time.

A. why B.that C.which D.Both B&C 〔定语从句中缺少宾语而非状语，答案：D〕

2〕受其它固定句型影响，未能观察到句子的细微差异：

〔1〕The diamond necklace was such an expensive one_________ none of us were able to afford.

A. which B. what C .as D .that (afford后缺少宾语，需用关系代词，先行词被such修饰，故用C选项)

〔2〕The diamond necklace was such an expensive one_________ none of us were able to afford

it.

A. which B. what C .as D .that (横线后为成分完整的句子，填D选项与such呼应构成结果状语从句)

3〕忽略句子中的标点符号、连词、非谓语成分等标志，混淆定语从句与并列句、强调结构和独立主格结构的区别：

(1)The manager was very angry ,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines

yesterday,half of _____unqualified.

A.whom B.what C.them D.which (unqualified为过去分词，不能独立作谓语，本句独立主格结构，应当选C选项)

(2)The manager was very angry ,for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines

yesterday,half of _____ wereunqualified. word

3 / 5 A.whom B.what C.them D.which

〔were unqualified构成完整的系表结构，从half前的标点以与没有连词来看，是定语从句〕

4〕名词case,occasion,situation,reason,point,stage作先行词，后面常用关系副词where:

Have you ever had a case where somebody accused your reporters of getting the wrong end of the

sticks?

你们有没有过这样的情况：别人控告你的接着，说他们的报道完全失实？

三、易混定语从句比拟选择

1、(1) This is the bus ________ I took the other day.〔答案：A〕

(2) The bus _______ I went to work broke down.〔答案：B〕

A.which B.with which C.by which D. where

2、(1)Is the flat ______ you once lived ?〔答案：B〕

(2)Is this the flat ______ you once lived in ?〔答案：A&D〕

(3) Is this the only flat ______ you once lived in?〔答案：D〕

(4) Is this the flat in ________ you once lived ?〔答案：A〕

(5) Is it in the flat _________ you once lived?〔答案：D〕

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高中英语语法定语从句及专项练习

高中英语语法定语从句及专项练习

定语从句及专项练习

语法解释：

定语从句 —— 修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。

先行词 —— 被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词 —— 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

关系词分两种： 一是关系代词(在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分)

二是关系副词(在定语从句中担任状语成分)

关系词的三个功能：

1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；

2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；

3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。

A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. ——

A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly. ——

A plane is a machine that can fly.

关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as

在定语从句中可担任主语的是：

who, that, which, as

在定语从句中可担任宾语的是：

who, whom, that, which, as

在定语从句中可担任定语的是：

whose, which

当先行词是人时，可用的关系词是：who, whom, that, as

当先行词是物时，可用的关系词是：which, that, whose, as

关系副词有：when (先行词为时间), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)

关系副词 = 介词 + which / whom

定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。

先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性。

非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。

高中英语---定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习(有答案)

高中英语---定语从句特殊情况专项讲解及练习(有答案)

4 定语从句

一、定语从句中只能用that 引导的情况

1．当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等词时。

Everything that he said was true.

2.当先行词被the very（恰恰，正好）, the only，any，few，little，no，all修饰时。

This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy.

The only thing that is constant is change.

There was little that we could do to help her.

3．当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best that has been used against pollution.

This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.

4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

What is the first American film that you have seen?

5．当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。

Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense?

Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?

6．当先行词既有人又有物时。

Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(含答案)

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习(含答案)

Unit1 Attributive clause

1 定语从句讲解与练习

一．定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

二．特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词

2. 关联词：

1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。

2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose代指先行词。

关系副词：when, where, why作时间状语。

三．基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分

四．关系代词的用法：

1. that 和which

that指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

Which指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。

His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.

Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday?

The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.

注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用that)

2.只能用that不能用which引导的定语从句：

1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用that

This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.

2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用that

The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football

Match”.

3）先行词被the only，the very 或the same等修饰，定语从句只能用that引导。

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练(含答案)

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练(含答案)

高考英语二轮语法巩固-《定语从句》专题讲练

【正误比对】

误区之一 关系代词that与which的误用

(1)【误】 All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on

time.

【正】 All the books that were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.

[分析] which改为that。当定语从句的先行词被all, some, any, no, few等修饰时,关系代词用that。句意:所有从图书馆借出的书必须按时归还。

(2)【误】 He lives in the room, the window of that faces the south.

【正】 He lives in the room, the window of which faces the south.

[分析] that 改为which。在“介词+关系代词”型的定语从句中,指物时,关系代词用which不用that;指人时,关系代词用whom不用which。表示所有格关系时,一律用whose,the window of which相当于whose window。

(3)【误】 Dinner starts with a small dish, that is often called a starter.

【正】 Dinner starts with a small dish, which is often called a starter.

[分析] that 改为which。在非限制性定语从句中,用which而不用that。

误区之二 关系代词与关系副词的误用

(1)【误】 I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside.