高中英语 高考专题被动语态讲解和练习

1 被动语态

语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，除了要熟练掌握各种时态的被动语态构成外，还要注意哪些动词没有被动语态，避免将一些不及物动词，如happen, occur, belong, remain等，误当作及物动词而用在被动结构之中。另外，一些特殊现象，如主动形式表示被动意义与被动形式表示主动意义等，也是学习中应注意的问题。

★主动语态变为被动语态时，通常采用如下步骤：

主动语态 → 被动语态

1. 宾语 → 主语（若为宾格须变为主格）；

2. 谓语动词 → be + 过去分词（注意be有人称、数和时态的变化）；

3. 主语 → （根据句意需要）by + 主动语态句子的主语（若为主格须变为宾格）；

4. 其余部分 → 其余部分。 e.g.

主动语态： We speak English every day.

主语 谓动 宾语 状语(其余部分)

被动语态： English is spoken (by us) every day.

考点一 被动语态的构成

被动语态由【be+过去分词】构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化：

时态 被动语态的构成 be动词人称、数和时态的形式变化 主语 谓语 状语

be动词 过去分词

一般现在时 The work is done every day. am/is/are done

一般过去时 was yesterday. was/were done

现在进行时 The work is being done at the moment. am/is/are being done

过去进行时 was being last week. was/were being done

一般将来时 The work will be done next week. will/shall be done

过去将来时 would be before you came. would be done

现在完成时 The work has been done since you left. has/have been done

过去完成时 had been before your arrival. had been done

将来完成时 The work will have been done by the end of next term. will/shall have been done

2

主动语态

变

被动语态的

5种

特殊变化 1.跟双宾语动词的被动语态 可接两个宾语（即sb. sth.）的动词如give,

send, teach, show, tell, pay, offer, promise,

make等变为被动语态时→

① sb. be done sth.

② sth. be done to sb. (表动作“向谁做”)

for sb. (表动作“为谁做”) • They offered him a position.

→He was offered a position by them.

→A position was offered to him by

them.

• My mom made me a pair of pants.

→I was made a pair of pants by my

mom.

→A pair of pants was made for me by

my mom.

2.【5看3使2听1感觉】跟复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的被动语态 5看：see, look at, watch, notice,

observe

3使：let, make, have

2听：hear, listen to

1感觉：feel

+ sb. do变为被动语态时，作宾补的动词原形do前须加to，即：

V + sb. do → sb. be V-ed to do • I saw her enter the room.

→She was seen to enter the room (by

me).

3.动词短语的被动语态 动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。

★【动词+名词+介词】构成的动词短语变为被动语态时有两种变化形式。常见的此类短语有：take care of，pay attention

to，put an end to，make use of等。 • They sent for the doctor .

→The doctor was sent for (by them).

★People paid no attention to me.

→I was paid no attention to.

→No attention was paid to me.

4.含情态动词的被动语态 →情态动词+ be + 过去分词

★一些不定式结构，如be going to, have

to, be to, be about to, be likely to,

seem to在变为被动语态时也有类似变化。 • The computer might be repaired by

tomorrow.

★The plan is going to be carried out

next week.

These difficulties are sure to be

overcome.

5.谓动为say,

report,

believe,

think,

know,

consider等带有宾从的句子的被动语态 →通常用it做形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。►此结构有时可改为【主语+be+过去分词+不定式】的形式。 • People say that he has got the first

place in the exam.

→It is said that he has got the first place

in the exam.

→He is said to have got the first place in

the exam.

• People think he is a smart boy.

→It is thought that he is a smart boy.

→he is thought to be a smart boy.

考点二 被动语态的适用范围

1. 强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时，e.g.

Immediate action should be taken to protect the environment.

2. 不知道或无需说出动作的执行者时，e.g.

3

--Have you heard about that fire in the market?

--Yes, fortunately no one was hurt.

Many buildings will be built in our city.

3. 动作的执行者是无声民的事物时，e.g.

The window glass was broken by a stone.

考点三 主动形式表示被动意义

1. 谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

① 系动词+ adj.构成系表结构时，系动词主动形式表被动意义。

●be动词：am/is/are/was/were

●感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel

系动词 ●表“像”系动词：seem/appear

●表“保持”系动词：keep/stay/remain

●表“变化”系动词：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall (asleep)/come (true)

●表“结果”系动词：prove/turn out (to be)

e.g. These flowers smells very nice.

The story sounds true.

His dream has come true.

Einstein’s theory proved (to be) correct.

② 一些由及物动词转化成的不及物动词，如sell, wash, burn, cook, clean, cut,read, write,

open, lock, shut, keep(保存)等，当他们与well, easily等副词连用，说明主语的某种属性特征时，常用主动形式表被动意义。

e.g. This pen writes smoothly.

The knife cuts well.

My coat washes easily.

The book sells well. (书本身很好)

The book is sold well. (销售人员卖的好，与书本身好坏无关)

The door can’t lock.(锁子坏了)

The door isn’t locked. (有人没锁门)

③ 表开始、结束的词（如begin, start, finish, end等），当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表被动意义。

e.g. Class begins at eight every day.

This term will end on July 2nd.

2. 谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义

1）动名词的主表被

① need/want/require doing（= to be done） ……需要被做

② deserve doing （= to be done） ……应该/值得被做

③ be (well) worth doing ……值得被做 be worthy of being done

to be done

e.g. The children need/want/require looking after.