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渡河北南北朝:王褒2秋风吹木叶，还似洞庭波。

常山临代郡，亭障绕黄河。

心悲异方乐，肠断陇头歌。

薄暮临征马，失道北山阿。

标签思乡、羁旅、怀念译文注释秋风吹木叶，还似洞庭波。

常山：郡名，治所今河北省石家庄地区正定县，辖境至唐县。

代郡：汉代北部边郡，今河北省蔚县东北和山西省东北部。

临，靠近。

亭障：当时修筑的军事防御工事。

异方：异乡。

陇头歌：乐府歌曲名，属《梁鼓角横吹曲》，歌曲的内容是游子思乡。

陇头歌也就是“异方乐”。

失道：迷路。

山阿：山的拐角处。

赏析这首诗表达了诗人对故国的怀念和羁旅他乡的感慨。

诗歌开头两句用“因物兴感”的手法来引出对江南故国的悠远思念。

黄河边上的“木叶”在秋风中纷纷飘落，此番情景使诗人想起屈原的名句：“袅袅兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。

”想来此时此刻，那浩荡的秋风也同样吹拂着江南的洞庭湖水……。

“还似”二字把诗人的怀念之情极其委婉地表达出来了。

三四句写北渡所见之景，感慨原本汉代的北部边塞，却成了北朝异族的工事，把深沉的历史感慨融入故国之思中。

五六句写北渡所闻。

《陇头歌》是抒写思乡之情的乐府歌曲，作者正在愁惨之际，听到远方传来异国悲凉的歌声，更觉肝肠寸断。

结尾二句用信马由缰、茫然迷路的动作来刻画诗人心灰意懒、怅然若失的情状，一种惆怅绵渺的情味萦绕在画面中。

这首诗对仗工整，音韵和谐，同时又具有苍劲悲凉的格调，表现出南北诗风融和的特点。

关于作者王褒（约513~576年），字子渊，琅琊临沂（今山东临沂）人，南北朝文学家。

东晋宰相王导之后（第三子王洽一脉），曾祖王俭、祖王骞、父王规，俱有重名。

妻子为梁武帝之弟鄱阳王萧恢之女。

梁元帝时任吏部尚书、左仆射。

明帝宇文毓笃好文学，王褒与庾信才名最高，二人特被亲待。

加开府仪同三司。

武帝宇文邕时为太子少保，迁小司空，后出为宜州刺史。

建德年间去世，卒年六十四。

子王鼒嗣。

沈园原文、翻译及赏析沈园二首原文、翻译及赏析《沈园二首》是宋代文学家陆游的组诗作品。

这是作者在七十五岁重游沈园时为怀念其原配夫人唐氏而创作的两首悼亡诗。

以下是小编收集整理了沈园二首原文、翻译及赏析，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

沈园二首原文、翻译及赏析1原文：城上斜阳画角哀，沈园非复旧池台，伤心桥下春波绿，曾是惊鸿照影来。

梦断香消四十年，沈园柳老不吹绵。

此身行作稽山土，犹吊遗踪一泫然。

译文斜阳下城墙上的画角声仿佛也在哀痛，沈园已经不是原来的池阁亭台。

那座令人伤心的桥下春水依然碧绿，当年我曾在这里见到她美丽的身影。

离她香消玉殒已过去四十多年，沈园柳树也老得不能吐絮吹绵。

我眼看着要化作会稽山中的一抔黄土，仍然来此凭吊遗踪而泪落潸然。

注释沈园：即沈氏园，故址在今浙江绍兴禹迹寺南。

斜阳：偏西的太阳。

画角：涂有色彩的军乐器，发声凄厉哀怨。

惊鸿：语出三国魏曹植《洛神赋》句“翩若惊鸿”，以喻美人体态之轻盈。

这里指唐琬。

“梦断”句：作者在禹迹寺遇到唐琬是在高宗绍兴二十五年（1155年），其后不久，唐琬郁郁而死。

作此诗时距那次会面四十四年，这里的“四十”是举其成数。

香消，指唐琬亡故。

不吹绵：柳絮不飞。

行：即将。

稽（jī）山：即会稽山，在今浙江绍兴东南。

吊：凭吊。

泫（xuàn）然：流泪貌。

赏析：这是陆游七十五岁时重游沈园（绍兴）写下的诗。

他三十一岁时曾在沈园与被专制家长拆散的原妻唐琬偶尔相遇，作《钗头凤》题壁以记其苦思深恨，岂料这一面竟成永诀。

晚年陆游多次到沈园悼亡，这两首是他的悼亡诗中最为深婉动人者。

诗的开头以斜阳和彩绘的管乐器画角，把人带进了一种悲哀的世界情调中。

他到沈园去寻找曾经留有芳踪的旧池台，但是连池台都不可辨认，要唤起对芳踪的回忆或幻觉，也成了不可再得的奢望。

桥是伤心的桥，只有看到桥下绿水，才多少感到这次来的时节也是春天。

因为这桥下水，曾经照见像曹植《洛神赋》中“翩若惊鸿”的凌波仙子的倩影。

咏史二首·其二唐代:李商隐历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭破由奢。

何须琥珀方为枕，岂得真珠始是车。

远去不逢青海马，力穷难拔蜀山蛇。

几人曾预南薰曲，终古苍梧哭翠华。

标签抒怀、典故、咏史译文纵览历史，凡是贤明的国家，成功源于勤俭，衰败起于奢华。

为什么非要琥珀才能作枕头，为什么镶有珍珠才是好坐车？想要远行，却没遇见千里马，力单势孤，难以拔动蜀山的猛蛇。

有几人曾经亲耳听过舜帝的《南风歌》？天长地久，只有在苍梧对着翠绿的华盖哭泣份儿。

注释赏析李商隐以其高度的历史责任感和艺术上的创新精神，创作了占他全部诗篇七分之一强的史诗，它们扩展了传统咏史诗的涵义，丰富了咏史诗的题材，探索了咏史诗新的手法，将其独特的思想性艺术性臻于和谐统—，在咏史诗的发展史上具有里程碑的意义。

他的咏史诗不仅咏古况今，充分反映了他进步的历史观，而且借古讽今，含蓄地表达了他的现实主义倾向。

同时还借题寄慨，委婉地抒发了他怀才不遇的苦闷。

相对于一般诗人对时政的深沉感慨，李商隐的诗作扩大了咏史诗的表现容量。

这首诗的第一句是说，回顾以往的朝代，勤俭能使国家昌盛而奢侈腐败会使国家灭亡，提出了一切政权成败的关键。

第二句是两个典故，第一个是琥珀枕，南朝一个皇帝在四处征战的时候得到一个非常名贵的琥珀枕，但他将琥珀枕捣碎了给战士敷。

第二个是齐桓公，当年齐桓公和另一个君主相遇，那个君主有很多车，每一俩车都有一颗非常大的珍珠，那个君主为此非常自豪视之为奇珍，但齐桓公说他有人才，那才是他的宝物。

这一联是说明人才的重要性。

第三句也是两个典故。

青海马是指能担当军国大事的人才，蜀山蛇指亡国的祸胎（当年蜀国因为五壮士拔蛇而蜀路开，导致了蜀国灭亡），这两句话其实有种国家灭亡也隐隐有天意的意思。

义山其实很矛盾，他虽然知道“历览前贤国与家，成由勤俭败由奢。

”，但当时是唐文宗很有雄心壮志的，可惜被家奴所制，抑郁而亡，所以义山也无法解释为何国家会走向衰败，所以他只能将其解释为天意。

新标准大学英语综合教程2原文UNIT1College just isn't special any more1 "If you can remember anything about the 1960s, you weren't really there," so the saying goes. It may be true for those who spent their college years in a haze of marijuana smoke. But there is one thing everyone remembers about the 1960s: Going to college was the most exciting and stimulating experience of your life.2 In the 1960s, California's colleges and universities had transformed the state into the world's seventh largest economy. However, Berkeley, the University of California's main campus, was also well-known for its student demonstrations and strikes, and its atmosphere of political radicalism. When Ronald Reagan ran for office as governor of California in 1966, he asked if Californians would allow "a great university to be brought to its knees by a noisy, dissident minority". The liberals replied that it was the ability to tolerate noisy, dissident minorities which made universities great.3 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. Much of the protest was about the Vietnam War. But in France, the students of the Sorbonnein Paris managed to form an alliance with the trade unions and to launch a general strike, which ultimately brought about the resignation of President de Gaulle.4 It wasn't just the activism that characterized student life in the 1960s. Everywhere, going to college meant your first taste of real freedom, of late nights in the dorm or in the Junior Common Room, discussing the meaning of life. You used to have to go to college to read your first forbidden book, see your first indie film, or find someone who shared your passion for Jimi Hendrix or Lenny Bruce. It was a moment of unimaginable freedom, the most liberating in your life.5 But where's the passion today? What's the matter with college? These days political, social and creative awakening seems to happen not because of college, but in spite of it. Of course, it's true that higher education is still important. For example, in the UK, Prime Minister Blair was close to achieving his aim of getting 50 per cent of all under thirties into college by 2010 (even though a cynic would say that this was to keep them off the unemployment statistics). Yet college education is no longer a topic of great national importance. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town fromwhich people are keen to escape. Some people drop out, but the most apathetic stay the course because it's too much effort to leave.6 Instead of the heady atmosphere of freedom which students in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more serious. The British Council has recently done research into the factors which help international students decide where to study. In descending order these are: quality of courses, employability prospects, affordability, personal security issues, lifestyle, and accessibility. College has become a means to an end, an opportunity to increase one's chances on the employment market, and not an end in itself, which gives you the chance to imagine, just for a short while, that you can change the world.7 The gap between childhood and college has shrunk, and so has the gap between college and the real world. One of the reasons may be financial. In an uncertain world, many children rely on their parents' support much longer than they used to. Students leaving university in the 21st century simply cannot afford to set up their own home because it's too expensive. Another possible reason is the communications revolution. Gone are the days when a son or daughter rang home once or twice a term. Today students are umbilically linked to their parents by their cell phones. And as for finding like-minded friends to share a passion for obscure literature or music, well, we have the Internet and chat rooms to help us do that.8 "Bliss was it in that dawn to be alive,9 But to be young was very heaven!"10 Wordsworth may have written these lines about the French Revolution, but theywere also true for the students of the 1960s. So why aren't they true for thestudents of today?UNIT2How empathy unfolds1 The moment Hope, just nine months old, saw another baby fall, tears welled up in her own eyes and she crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt. And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend Paul; when Paul kept crying, Michael retrieved Paul's security blanket for him. Both these small acts of sympathy and caring were observed by mothers trained to record such incidents of empathy in action. The results of the study suggestthat the roots of empathy can be traced to infancy. Virtually from the day they are born infants are upset when they hear another infant crying—a response some see as the earliest precursor of empathy.2 Developmental psychologists have found that infants feel sympathetic distress even before they fully realize that they exist apart from other people. Even a few months after birth, infants react to a disturbance in those around them as though it were their own, crying when they see another child's tears. By one year or so, they start to realize the misery is not their own but someone else's, though they still seem confused over what to do about it. In research by Martin L. Hoffman at New York University, for example, a one-year-old brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, ignoring the friend's mother, who was also in the room. This confusion is seen too when one-year-olds imitate the distress of someone else, possibly to better comprehend what they are feeling; for example, if another baby hurts her fingers, a one-year-old might put her own fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts, too. On seeing his mother cry, one baby wiped his own eyes, though they had no tears.3 Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself. He sought a word that would be distinct from sympathy, which can be felt for the general plight of another with no sharing whatever of what that other person is feeling.4 Motor mimicry fades from toddlers' repertoire at around two and a half years, at which point they realize that someone else's pain is different from their own, and are better able to comfort them. A typical incident, from a mother's diary:5 A neighbor's baby cries and Jenny approaches and tries to give him some cookies. She follows him around and begins to whimper to herself. She then tries to stroke his hair, but he pulls away. He calms down, but Jenny still looks worried. She continues to bring him toys and to pat his head and shoulders.6 At this point in their development toddlers begin to diverge from one another in their overall sensitivity to other people's emotional upsets, with some, like Jenny, keenly aware and others tuning out. A series of studies by Marian Radke-Yarrow and Carolyn Zahn-Waxler at the National Institute of Mental Health showed that a large part of this difference in empathic concern had to do with how parents disciplined their children. Children, they found, were more empathic when the discipline included calling strong attention to the distress their misbehavior caused someone else: "Look how sad you've made her feel" instead of "That was naughty". They found too that children's empathy is also shaped by seeing how others react when someone else isdistressed; by imitating what they see, children develop a repertoire of empathic response, especially in helping other people who are distressed.UNIT3Stolen identity1 "Frank never went to pilot school, medical school, law school, ... because he's still in high school."2 That was the strapline of the 2002 film Catch Me If You Can, which tells the story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. (Leonardo DiCaprio), a brilliant young master of deception who at different times impersonated a doctor, a lawyer, and an airplane pilot, forging checks worth more than six million dollars in 26 countries. He became the youngest man to ever make the FBI's most-wanted list for forgery. Hunted and caught in the film by fictional FBI agent Carl Hanratty (Tom Hanks), Abagnale later escaped. He eventually became a consultant for the FBI where he focused on white-collar crime.3 It's a great film, but could it happen in real life? In fact, Catch Me If You Can is based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, whose career as a fraudster lasted about six years before he was caught, who escaped from custody three times (once through an airplane toilet), and who spent a total of six years in prison in France, Sweden and the US. He now runs a consultancy advising the world of business how to avoid fraud. He has raised enough money to pay back all his victims, and is now amulti-millionaire.4 Since 2003, identity theft has become increasingly common. Few people could imagine how important things like taking mail to the post office and not leaving it in the mailbox for pickup, shredding documents instead of throwing them out with the trash, even using a pen costing a couple of bucks, have become to avoid life-changing crimes.5 More and more people are becoming anonymous victims of identity theft. We spend many hours and dollars trying to recover our name, our credit, our money and our lives. We need to look for different ways to protect ourselves. We can improve our chances of avoiding this crime, but it will never go away.6 It's not just a list of do's and don'ts, we need to change our mindset. Although online banking is now commonplace, there's a significant group of people in the country—the baby boomers, 15 per cent of the population—who still prefer to usepaper. What's more, 30 per cent of cases of fraud occur within this group. A check has all the information about you that an identity thief needs. If you use a ballpoint pen, the ink can be removed with the help of a regular household chemical and the sum of money can be changed. More than 1.2 million bad checks are issued every day, more than 13 per second.7 Check fraud is big business ... and growing by 25 per cent every year. Criminals count on our mistakes to make their jobs easier. So how can we prevent identity theft before it happens to us?8 Take a few precautions. Don't leave your mail in your mailbox overnight or over the weekend. Thieves wait for the red flag to go up, so they can look through your outgoing mail for useful personal information or checks. Use a gel pen for checks and important forms, the ink is trapped in the fibre of the paper, and it can't be removed with chemicals. Also, shred or tear up all documents which contain personal information before you put them in the trash.9 Remember that there are plenty of online opportunities for thieves to create a false identity based on your own. We're all aware of the risks to personal information on computer databases by hacking and Trojan horses. But choosing someone and doing a Google search can also yield large amounts of personal information, and so can online social networking sites such as MySpace, Facebook and Bebo. And just as we take our pocketbook with us when we leave the office to go to the bathroom, it's also worth logging off your computer to avoid opportunistic theft.10 Finally, if you get robbed in a more traditional way—in the street—canceling your credit cards is obviously the first thing to do. But don't forget that even after they're reported lost, they can be used as identification to acquire store cards ... and you get the criminal record.11 Identity fraud can go on for years without the victim's knowledge. There is no escaping the fact that right now fraudsters are finding identity crime all too easy. If you haven't had your identity stolen, it's only because they haven't got to you yet. Your turn will come.UNIT4Making the headlines1 It isn't very often that the media lead with the same story everywhere in the world. Such an event would have to be of enormous international significance. But this is exactly what occurred in September 2001 with the terrorist attack on the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York. It is probably not exaggerated to say that from that moment the world was a different place.2 But it is not just the historical and international dimension that made 9/11 memorable and (to use a word the media like) newsworthy. It was the shock and horror, too. So striking, so sensational, was the news that, years after the event, many people can still remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they first heard it. They can remember their own reactions: For many people across the globe their first instinct was to go and tell someone else about it, thus providing confirmation of the old saying that bad news travels fast.3 And so it is with all major news stories. I remember when I was at primary school the teacher announcing pale-faced to a startled class of seven year olds President Kennedy is dead. I didn't know who President Kennedy was, but I was so upset at hearing the news that I went rushing home afterwards to tell my parents (who already knew, of course). In fact, this is one of my earliest memories.4 So what exactly is news? The objective importance of an event is obviously not enough —there are plenty of enormous global issues out there, with dramatic consequences, from poverty to global warming—but since they are ongoing, they don't all make the just international, but odd, unexpected, and (in the sense that it was possible to identify with the plight of people caught up in the drama) very human.5 Odd doesn't mean huge. Take the story in today's China Daily about a mouse holding up a flight from Vietnam to Japan. The mouse was spotted running down the aisle of a plane in Hanoi airport. It was eventually caught by a group of 12 technicians worried that the mouse could chew through wires and cause a short circuit. By the time it took off the plane was more than four hours late.6 Not an event with momentous international consequences, you might say, (apart from a few passengers arriving late for their appointments in another country), but there are echoes of the story across the globe, in online editions of papers from Asia to America, via Scotland (Mouse chase holds up flight, in the Edinburgh Evening News).7 Another element of newsworthiness is immediacy. This refers to the nearness of the event in time. An event which happened a week ago is not generally news—unless you've just read about it. "When" is one of the five "wh" questions trainee journalists are regularly told that they have to use to frame a news story (the others are "who", "what", "where" and "why"); "today", "this morning", and "yesterday"are probably at the top of the list of time adverbs in a news report. Similarly, an event which is about to happen ("today", "this evening" or "tonight") may also be newsworthy, although, by definition, it is not unexpected and so less sensational.8 When it comes to immediacy, those media which can present news in real time, such as TV, radio, and the Internet, have an enormous advantage over the press. To see an event unfolding in front of your eyes is rather different from reading about it at breakfast the next morning. But TV news is not necessarily more objective or reliable than a newspaper report, since the images you are looking at on your screen have been chosen by journalists or editors with specific objectives, or at least following set guidelines, and they are shown from a unique viewpoint. By placing the camera somewhere else you would get a different picture. This is why it is usual to talk of the "power of the media"—the power to influence the public, more or less covertly.9 But perhaps in the third millennium this power is being eroded, or at least devolved to ordinary people. The proliferation of personal blogs, the possibility ofself-broadcasting through sites such as YouTube, and the growth of open-access web pages (wikis) means that anyone with anything to say—or show—can now reach a worldwide audience instantly.10 This doesn't mean that the press and TV are going to disappear overnight, of course. But in their never-ending search for interesting news items—odd, unexpected, and human—they are going to turn increasingly to these sites for their sources, providing the global information network with a curiously local dimension.UNIT5Catch-22Catch-22 is one of the most famous novels of the last century. It is set in an American military base on a small island in the Mediterranean during the Second World War. Although the story reveals some of the horrors of war through episodes of bloodshed and destruction, it is not a traditional war novel. There are no heroes or heroic acts, and the enemy is not really the Germans (who do not appear in the story), but anyone who can get you killed—and that includes your own commander. Catch-22 is primarily a comic novel, whose main character, an airman called Yossarian, has only one aim—to survive the war and go back home. He thinks he can do this by pretending to be insane.1 It was a horrible joke, but Doc Daneeka didn't laugh until Yossarian came to him one mission later and pleaded again, without any real expectation of success, to be grounded. Doc Daneeka snickered once and was soon immersed in problems of his own, which included Chief White Halfoat, who had been challenging him all that morning to Indian wrestle, and Yossarian, who decided right then and there to go crazy.2 "You're wasting your time," Doc Daneeka was forced to tell him.3 "Can't you ground someone who's crazy?"4 "Oh, sure. I have to. There's a rule saying I have to ground anyone who's crazy."5 "Then why don't you ground me? I'm crazy. Ask Clevinger."6 "Clevinger? Where is Clevinger? You find Clevinger and I'll ask him."7 "Then ask any of the others. They'll tell you how crazy I am."8 "They're crazy."9 "Then why don't you ground them?"10 "Why don't they ask me to ground them?"11 "Because they're crazy, that's why."12 "Of course they're crazy," Doc Daneeka replied. "I just told you they're crazy, didn't I? And you can't let crazy people decide whether you're crazy or not, can you?"13 Yossarian looked at him soberly and tried another approach. "Is Orr crazy?"14 "He sure is," Doc Daneeka said.15 "Can you ground him?"16 "I sure can. But first he has to ask me to. That's part of the rule."17 "Then why doesn't he ask you to?"18 "Because he's crazy," Doc Daneeka said. "He has to be crazy to keep flying combat missions after all the close calls he's had. Sure, I can ground Orr. But first he has to ask me to."19 "That's all he has to do to be grounded?"20 "That's all. Let him ask me."21 "And then you can ground him?" Yossarian asked.22 "No. Then I can't ground him."23 "You mean there's a catch?"24 "Sure there's a catch," Doc Daneeka replied. "Catch-22. Anyone who wants to get out of combat duty isn't really crazy."25 There was only one catch and that was catch-22, which specified that a concern for one's own safety in the face of dangers that were real and immediate was the process of a rational mind. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. All he had to do was ask; and as soon as he did, he would no longer be crazy and would have to fly more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didn't, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didn't have to; but if he didn't want to he was sane and had to. Yossarian was moved very deeply by the absolute simplicity of this clause of catch-22 and let out a respectful whistle.26 "That's some catch, that catch-22," he observed.27 "It's the best there is," Doc Daneeka agreed.UNIT6My dream comes true1 The rain had started to fall gently through the evening air as darkness descended over Sydney. Hundreds of lights illuminated Stadium Australia, and the noise was deafening. As I walked towards the track I glanced around me at the sea of faces in the stands, but my mind was focused. The Olympic gold medal was just minutes away, hanging tantalisingly in the distance.2 My heart was beating loudly, my mouth was dry and the adrenaline was pumping.I was so close to the realisation of my childhood dream and the feeling was fantastic; it was completely exhilarating, but also terrifying. I knew I would have to push myself beyond my known limits to ensure that my dream came true.3 I tried to keep composed, telling myself not to panic, to stick to the plan and run my own race. I knew the Russian girls would set off quickly — and I had to finish this race fewer than ten seconds behind the Russian athlete Yelena Prokhorova. If I could do that, the title would be mine.4 I looked out along the first stretch of the 400m track and caught my breath. The 800m race had punished me so much over the years — in the World, Commonwealth and European Championships— and now it stood between me and the Olympic title.5 The British supporters were cheering so loudly it seemed as if they were the only fans there. I could hear my name being called. I could hear the shouts of encouragement and the cries of hope. Union Jacks fluttered all around the vast, beautiful stadium. I felt unified with the crowd — we all had the same vision and the same dream.6 My ankle was bandaged against an injury I had incurred in the long jump just a couple of hours earlier, but I shut out all thoughts of pain. I tried to concentrate on the crowd. They were so vocal. My spirits lifted and I felt composed.7 I knew I would do my best, that I would run my heart out and finish the race. I felt the performer in me move in and take over. I had just two laps to run, that was all. Just two laps until the emotional and physical strain of the past two days and the last 28 years would be eclipsed by victory or failure. This race was all about survival. It's only two minutes, I kept telling myself, anyone can run for two minutes.8 The starting gun was fired, and the race began. The first lap was good, I managed to keep up with the group, but I was feeling much more tired than I usually did, and much more than I'd anticipated. Both the long, hard weeks of training that had led up to this championship, and the exhaustion from two days of gruelling competition were showing in my performance. Mental and physical fatigue were starting to crush me, and I had to fight back.9 Prokhorova had set the pace from the start. It was important that I didn't let her get too far in front. I had to stay with her. At the bell I was 2.3 seconds behind her. Just one lap to go. One lap. I could do it. I had to keep going. In the final 150 metres I could hear the roar of the crowd, giving me a boost at exactly the moment I needed it the most—just when my legs were burning and I could see the gap opening between me and the Russian. Thankfully, my foot was holding out, so now it was all down to mental stamina.10 Prokhorova was pulling away. I couldn't let her get too far; I had to stay with her. I began counting down the metres I had left to run: 60m, 50m, 40m, 20m. I could seethe clock. I could do it, but it would be close. Then finally the line appeared. I crossed it, exhausted. I had finished.11 As I crossed the line my initial thought was how much harder the race had been than expected, bearing in mind how, only eight weeks before, I had set a new personal best of two minutes 12.2 seconds. Then my mind turned to the result. Had I done it? I thought I had. I was aware of where the other athletes were, and was sure that I'd just made it. But, until I saw it on the scoreboard, I wouldn't let myself believe it. As I stood there, staring up and waiting for confirmation, I tried hard to keep negative thoughts from my mind—but I couldn't help thinking, what if I have just missed out? What if I've been through all this, and missed out?12 In the distance I could hear the commentary team talking about two days of tough competition, then I could almost hear someone say, "I think she's done enough." The next thing I knew, Sabine Braun of Germany came over and told me I'd won. They had heard before me, and she asked what it felt like to be the Olympic champion. I smiled, still not sure.13 Then, the moment that will stay with me for the rest of my life — my name in lights. That was when it all hit me. Relief, a moment of calm, and a thank you to my inner self for taking me through these two days. I felt a tingle through the whole of my body. This was how it is meant to be — arms aloft and fists clenched.14 I looked out at the fans, who were waving flags, clapping and shouting with delight. I was the Olympic champion. The Olympic champion.UNIT7Protection1 When Soren was leaving for Japan to study carpentry, he asked if Hogahn, who was his dog originally, could live with me. "Of course," I said, "he'll protect me." There had been robberies in the neighborhood recently, and my house in Massachusetts was surrounded by a pond and woods to the north and west, so that someone could easily approach after dark without being seen.2 Soren laughed. "Hogahn doesn't exactly bark when someone comes to the door," he said. "If a burglar came, he would probably lick him."3 But Hogahn sensed that his connection to me was different from his connection to Soren. Soren, who is strong and relatively fearless, did not need much protection. When Soren was in a hurry, he would lift Hogahn like a small child into the bed of the pickup. I could not lift him. We were just about the same weight, and Hogahn was younger and stronger. As a woman, I faced dangers that Soren and Hogahn did not have to know about. After a week of living with me, Hogahn was barking at anyone who came near the house.4 Our protecting relationship began early, with me as the initial protector. Hogahn was a puppy, about seven months old, when Soren left him with me for the first time, only for a weekend. It was a cold, late November morning and the water in the pond was just beginning to freeze. A thin layer of ice held blowing leaves and light branches, but was much too tenuous for animal paws.5 I was hanging up the laundry in the backyard on a long clothesline which stretched from the giant oak tree next to the house to the spruce at the edge of the water. A light blue sheet was lifting itself with the wind and was trying to sail off over the pond to join the sky. As I struggled to trap it with a clothespin, Hogahn was panting warm clouds of air at my feet, lifting and dropping a two-foot oak branch that had fallen into his loving possession.6 Focused on capturing the sheet so that it draped evenly over the line, I distractedly picked up the stick and tossed it down the hill toward the fence that separated the yard from the water.7 I had tossed sticks for him before and knew the approximate distance they would go, depending upon their weight and my motion. This stick, however, caught a gust and, flying where the sheet wanted to go, sailed across the yard, over the fence, and, with a fine skater's touch, glided onto the pond. As I looked up, I saw Hogahn racing through the gate and, with a magnificent leap, crashing through the ice just short of the stick and into the water.8 Time froze as I stood at the clothesline. I thought: Soren has given me this child to watch over. He is my first grandchild. I have to save him. I was penetratingly aware of the dangers of the pond in November. I had fallen through once and saved myself because I had stayed very calm and moved very slowly. I knew that Hogahn could claw at me in his panic, pulling me down, and we could both go under.9 The next moment I was standing in the water and Hogahn was swimming toward me, breaking the ice with his front paws. He seemed a little startled by the intrusion of the ice in his path, but definitely in control. I went as far as I could until the pond bottom sank down under my weight and the ice water penetrated my jacket, and I stood and waited. He swam into my neck, and I lifted his puppy-body and carried him。

Unit1Learning, Chinese-StyleHoward Gardner 1 For a month in the spring of 1987, my wife Ellen and I lived in the bustling eastern Chinese city of Nanjing with our 18-month-old son Benjamin while studying arts education in Chinese kindergartens and elementary schools. But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the difference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing.中国式的学习风格霍华德·加德纳1987年春，我和妻子埃伦带着我们18个月的儿子本杰明在繁忙的中国东部城市住了一个月，同时考察中国幼儿园和小学的艺术教育情况。

然而，我和埃伦获得的有关中美教育观念差异的最难忘的体验并非来自课堂，而是来自我们在期间寓居的金陵饭店的大堂。

2 The key to our room was attached to a large plastic block with the room number on it. When leaving the hotel,a guest was encouraged to turn in the key, either by handing it to an attendant or by dropping it through a slot into a box. Because the key slot was narrow, the key had to be positioned carefully to fit into it.我们的房门钥匙系在一块标有房间号的大塑料板上。

2、济南的冬天老舍对于一个在北平住惯的人，像我，冬天要是不刮大风，便觉得是奇迹；济南的冬天是没有风声的。

对于一个刚由伦敦回来的人，像我，冬天要能看得见日光，便觉得是怪事；济南的冬天是响晴的。

自然，在热带的地方，日光是永远那么毒，响亮的天气，反有点叫人害怕。

可是，在北中国的冬天，而能有温晴的天气，济南真得算个宝地。

设若单单是有阳光，那也算不了出奇。

请闭上眼睛想：一个老城，有山有水，全在天底下晒着阳光，暖和安适地睡着，只等春风来把它们唤醒，这是不是个理想的境界？小山整把济南围了个圈儿，只有北边缺着点口儿。

这一圈小山在冬天特别可爱，好像是把济南放在一个小摇篮里，它们安静不动地低声地说：“你们放心吧，这儿准保暖和。

”真的，济南的人们在冬天是面上含笑的。

他们一看那些小山，心中便觉得有了着落，有了依靠。

他们由天上看到山上，便不知不觉地想起：“明天也许就是春天了吧？这样的温暖，今天夜里山草也许就绿起来了吧？”就是这点幻想不能一时实现，他们也并不着急，因为有这样慈善的冬天，干啥还希望别的呢！最妙的是下点小雪呀。

看吧，山上的矮松越发的青黑，树尖上顶着一髻儿白花，好像日本看护妇。

山尖全白了，给蓝天镶上一道银边。

山坡上，有的地方雪厚点，有的地方草色还露着，这样，一道儿白，一道儿暗黄，给山们穿上一件带水纹的花衣；看着看着，这件花衣好像被风儿吹动，叫你希望看见一点更美的山的肌肤。

等到快日落的时候，微黄的阳光斜射在山腰上，那点薄雪好像忽然害了羞，微微露出点粉色。

就是下小雪吧，济南是受不住大雪的，那些小山太秀气！古老的济南，城里那么狭窄，城外又那么宽敞，山坡上卧着些小村庄，小村庄的房顶上卧着点雪，对，这是张小水墨画，也许是唐代的名手画的吧。

那水呢，不但不结冰，倒反在绿萍上冒着点热气，水藻真绿，把终年贮蓄的绿色全拿出来了。

天儿越晴，水藻越绿，就凭这些绿的精神，水也不忍得冻上，况且那些长枝的垂柳还要在水里照个影儿呢！看吧，由澄清的河水慢慢往上看吧，空中，半空中，天上，自上而下全是那么清亮，那么蓝汪汪的，整个的是块空灵的蓝水晶。

《绝句二首》是唐代诗人杜甫创作的组诗作品，意思如下：
1、其一：江山沐浴着春光，多么秀丽，春风送来花草的芳香。

燕子衔着湿泥忙筑巢，暖和的沙子上睡着成双成对的鸳鸯。

2、其二：江水碧波浩荡，衬托水鸟雪白羽毛，山峦郁郁苍苍，红花相映，便要燃烧。

今年春天眼看就要过去，何年何月才是我归乡的日期？
作品原文：
1、其一：迟日江山丽，春风花草香。

泥融飞燕子，沙暖睡鸳鸯。

2、其二：江碧鸟逾白，山青花欲燃。

今春看又过，何日是归年？
扩展资料：
作品赏析：
1、第一首诗一开始，就从大处着墨，描绘出在初春灿烂阳光的照耀下，浣花溪一带明净绚丽的春景，用笔简洁而色彩浓艳。

“迟日”即春日，语出《诗经·豳风·七月》“春日迟迟”。

这里用以突出初春的阳光，以统摄全篇。

同时用一“丽”字点染“江山”，表现了春日阳光普照，四野青绿，溪水映日的秀丽景色。

这虽是粗笔勾画，笔底却是春光骀荡。

2、第二首诗抒发了羁旅异乡的感慨。

“江碧鸟逾白，山青花欲燃”，这是一幅镶嵌在镜框里的风景画，濡饱墨于纸面，施浓彩于图中，有令人目迷神夺的魅力。

漫江碧波荡漾，显露出白翎的水鸟，掠翅江面，一派怡人的风光。

满山青翠欲滴，遍布的朵朵鲜花红艳无比，简直就像燃烧着一团旺火，十分旖旎，十分灿烂。

七下外国诗二首原文
以下是七下外国诗二首的原文及其拓展。

1. 原文:
I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o"er vales and hills,
And my heart grew sick with longing for you,
My dear, my dear!
拓展:
这首诗是由英国诗人威廉·巴特勒·叶芝 (William Butler Yeats) 所写，是他的代表作之一。

叶芝是 20 世纪最著名的诗人之一，他的诗歌风格深受浪漫主义的影响，同时也受到现代派的影响。

这首诗表达了叶芝对于爱人的思念之情，通过对自然的描述和对自己内心的反思，展现了他内心的孤独和渴望。

2. 原文:
I met a man who said he was a poet,
He said his name was Robert Frost,
And he asked me if I would like to see
A beautiful place where nature was.
拓展:
这首诗是由美国诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特 (Robert Frost) 所写，是他的作品之一。

弗罗斯特是 20 世纪美国最著名的诗人之一，他的诗歌以简洁的语言、清新的意象和深刻的思想著称。

这首诗表达了诗
人对于自然的热爱和对于人性的思考。

诗人通过描述一个陌生人问他是否想去看看美丽的自然景象，来表现人们对于自然的渴求和对于人性的反思。

苏轼《王定国诗集叙》(2)原文
现在定国因为我的缘故而获罪，贬谪到海上三年，一个儿子死在他贬谪的地方，一个儿子死在家中，定国也生病差点死了。

我猜测他非常怨恨我，不敢写信给他。

可是定国回到江西，把他在岭外所作的几百首诗寄给我，这些诗都是言简义丰，语言平易和善，有治世之音，那些语言和德高望重的长者没什么不同。

幽愁怨愤、寄寓感叹的作品，大概也有一些，他只担心死在岭外，而来不及报答天子的恩德，而有愧于父亲和祖先罢了。

孔子说：不埋怨天，不怪罪别人。

定国尚且不埋怨我，怎么肯埋怨上天呢！我然后放下诗卷而感叹，自己遗憾看待别人太肤浅了。

我又考虑到先前定国到彭城来拜访我，住了十天，来回往返中写了几百首诗，我苦恼他的诗作多，但又敬服他的文思敏捷，佩服他诗作的精巧啊。

有一天，定国和颜长道（曾良策注：颜长道为苏轼的朋友）游览泗水，登临桓山，他们吹着竹笛，饮着美酒，乘着月色而回来。

我也在黄楼上摆上酒宴来等待他们，我说：死了，世间三百年没有如此快乐了。

现在，我年老了不再作诗，又因为生病而戒酒，闭门不出，门外几步远就是大江，过了一个月也没到大江边了，糊里糊涂地，真是一个老农夫了。

可是定国的诗更加精巧，饮酒毫不衰减，所到之处安闲
自在，览尽山水的胜，不因为困厄衰老而改变他的气度。

从今以后，我敬服定国的原因，不只有他的诗作啊！。