最新新发展研究生英语1综合教程1-6单元翻译

Unit 1 Human reflectionsMarriage is an institution in which a man loser his Bachelor’s degree and the woman gets her Master’s 婚姻是这样一所学校，男人会失去单身汉的地位，而女人会获得征服者的地位。

---Socrates, Greek philosopherMen marry because they are tried, woman because they are curious; both are disappointed.男人结婚，因为他们厌倦了；女人结婚，因为她们好奇。

结果两人都大失所望。

---Oscar Wilde, British writerPre-reading Activities1.Fill in the blanks with the words you hearIt takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an hour to like someone ,and a day to love someone. But it takes a lifetime to forget someone. Don’t go for looks; they can deceive.Don’t go for wealth; even that fades away. Go for someone who makes you smile. Because it only takes a smile to make a dark day seem bright. Find the one that makes your heart smile.Maybe God wants us to meet a few wrong people before meet the right one. So that when we finally meet the right person, we will know hour to be grateful for that gift. It’s true that we don’t know what we’ve got until we lose it, but it’s also true that we don’t know what we’ve been missing until it arrives. Giving someone all your love will not provide assurance that they will love you back. Don’t expect love in return; just wait for it to grow in their hearts.But if it doesn’t, be content. It grew in yours.2. Discuss the following questions.1. Do you know of marriages that have failed? If so, what do you think people have suffered from their failed marriages and what were the possible causes? What assumption do people bring into their marriages?2. In contrast to a failed marriage, what do you think can contribute to a happy marriage? What’s your definition of marriage?TextWhy Marriages FailAnne RoipheAnne Roiphe is an American feminist author known for such novels as Up the Sandbox and Lovingkindness. Her work is noteworthy for its examination of the conflict between the desire for family and relationships and that for career and self-determination1 These days so many marriages end in divorce that our most sacred vows no longer ring with truth. “Happily ever after” and “Till death us do part” are expressions that seem on the way to becoming obsolete. Why has it become so hard for couples to stay together? What goes wrong? What has happened to us that close to one half of all marriages are destined for the divorce courts?How could we have created a society in which 42 percent of our children will grow up in single-parent homes? If statistics could only measure loneliness, regret, pain, loss of self-confidence, and fear of the future, the numbers would be beyond quantifying.2. Even though each broken marriage is unique, we can still find common perils, common causes of marital despair. Each marriage has a crisis point, and each marriage tests endurance, the capacity for both intimacy and change. Outside pressures such as job loss, illness, infertility, trouble with a child, care of aging parents, and all the other plagues of life the marriage the way hurricanes blast our shores. Some marriages survive these storms, and others don’t. Marriages fail, however, not simply because of the outside weather but because the inner climate becomes too hot or too cold, too turbulent or too stupefying.3. When we look at how we choose our partners and what expectations exist at the tender beginning of romance, some of the reasons for the disaster become quite clear. We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who will recreate with us the emotional patterns of our first homes. Dr. Carl A. Whitaker, a marital therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin, explains, “From early childhood on, each of us carried models for marriage, femininity, masculinity, motherhood, fatherhood and all the other family roles.’ Each of us falls in love with a mate who has qualities of our parents, who will help us rediscover both the psychological happiness and miseries of our past lives. We may think we have found a man unlike Dad, but then he returns to drink or drugs, or losses his job over and over again, or sits silently in front of the TV just the way Dad did. A man may choose a woman who doesn’t like kids just like his mother, or who gambles away the family savings just like his mother. Or he may choose a slender wife who seems unlike his obese mother but then turns out to have other addictions that destroy their mutual happiness.4. A man and a woman bring to their marriage bed a blended concoction of conscious and unconscious memories of their parents’ lives together. The human way is to compulsively repeat and recreate the patterns of the past. Sigmund Freud so well described the unhappy design that many of us get trapped in: the unmet needs of childhood, the angry feelings left over from frustrations of long ago, the limits of trust, and the reoccurrence of old fears. Once an individual senses this entrapment, there may follow a yearning to escape, and the result could be a broken, splintered marriage.5. Of course people can overcome the habits and attitudes that developed in childhood. We all have hidden strengths and amazing capacities for growth and creative change. Change, however, requires work – observing your part in a rotten pattern, bringing difficulties out into the open – and work runs counter to the basic myth of marriage:’ When I wed this person all my problems will be over. I will have achieved success and I will become the center of life for this other person and this person will be my center, and we will mean everything to each other forever.’ This myth, which every marriage relies on ,is soon exposed. The coming of children, the pulls and the tugs of their demands on affection and time, place a considerable strain on that basic myth of meaning everything to each other, of merging together and solving all of life’s problems.6. Concern and tension about money take each partner away from the other. Obligations to demanding parents or still-depended-upon parents create further strain. Couples today must also deal with all the cultural changes brought on in recent years by the woman’s movement and thesexual revolution. The altering of roles and the shifting of responsibilities have been extremely trying for many marriages.7. These and other realities of life erode the visions of marital bliss the way sandstorms eat at rock and the ocean nibbles away at the dunes. Those euphoric, grand feelings that accompany romantic love are really self-delusions, self-hypnotic dreams that enable us to forge a relationship. Real life, failure at work, disappointments, exhaustion, bad smells, bad colds and hard times all puncture the dream and leave us stranded with our mate, with our childhood patterns pushing us this way and that, and with our unfulfilled expectations.8. The struggle to survive in marriage requires adaptability, flexibility, genuine love and kindness, and an imagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling. Many marriages fall apart because either partner cannot imagine what the other wants or cannot communicate what he of she needs or feels. Anger builds until it erupts into a volcanic burst that buries the marriage in ash.9. If we sense from our mate a need for too much intimacy, we tend to push him of her away, fearing that we may lose our identities in the merging of marriage. One partner may suffocate the other partner in a childlike dependency. A good marriage means growing so a couple but also growing as individuals. This isn’t easy. Richard gives up his interest in carpentry because his wife, Helen, is jealous of the time he spends away from her. Karen quits the choir group because her husband dislikes the friends she makes there. Each pair clings to each other and is angry with each other as life closes in on them. This kind of marital balance is easily thrown as one or the other pulls away and divorce follows.10. Marriage takes some kind of sacrifice, not dreadful self-sacrifice of the soul, but some level of compromise. Some of one’s fantasies, some of one’s legitimate desires have to be given up for the value of the marriage itself. “While all marital partners feel shackled at times, it is they who really choose to make the marital ties into confining chains or supporting bonds,” says Dr. Whitaker. Marriage requires sexual, financial, and emotional discipline. A man and a woman cannot follow every impulse, cannot allow themselves to stop growing and changing.11. Divorce is not an evil act .Sometimes it provides salvation for people who have grown hopelessly apart or were frozen in patterns of pain or mutual unhappiness. Divorce can be, despite its initial devastation, like the first cut of the surgeon’s knife, a step toward new health and a good life. On the other hand, if the partners can stay past the breaking-up of the romantic myths into the development of real love and intimacy, they have achieved a work as amazing as the greatest cathedrals of the world. Marriages that do not fail but improve, that persist despite imperfections, are not only rare these days but offer a wondrous shelter in which the face of our mutual humanity can safely show itself.Notes1.Dr. Carl A. Whitaker(1912-1995): A pioneer therapist and emeritus professor of psychiatry atthe University of Wisconsin.2.University of Wisconsin: A famous university in the state of Wisconsin, founded in 1848. It ISone of the most excellent public universities in America and is recognized as a national leader in teaching and research excellence.3.Sigmund Freud(1856-1939): An Austrian psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic schoolof psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. The Interpretation of Dream is one of his best-known works.New Wordsobsolete :no longer used; out of date 过时的；废弃的peril: serious danger (esp. of death)严重危险（尤指死亡的）infertility: the state of being unable to produce offspring; barrenness不孕症；贫瘠marital: of a husband of wife; of marriage婚姻的turbulent: in a state of commotion of unrest; disturbed不安宁的，动荡的stupefying: dull or senseless神志不清的；失去知觉的；麻木不仁的therapist: specialist in a particular type of therapy (某疗法的)治疗专家emeritus: (of a university teacher, esp. a professor)retired, but keeping his title as an honor (指大学教师，尤指教授)退休而保留头衔的，荣誉的femininity: properties characteristic of the female sex女性气质masculinity: properties characteristic of the male sex男性气质obese: (of people) very fat（指人）过度肥胖的concoction: a combination of various ingredients混合reoccurrence: rehappening（事情的）再次发生entrapment: being caught in a trap陷入圈套；诱捕yearning: strong desire; tender loving渴望、热望splintered: breaking into piece 裂成碎片的merge: come together and combine合并erode: destroy or wear(sth.)away gradually侵蚀，腐蚀nibble: take tiny bites of sth. 小口咬某物；轻咬dune: mound of loose dry sand formed by the wind沙丘euphoric: happy and excited愉快的，兴奋的self-delusion: the act of deceiving oneself, or the state of being so deceived 自欺self-hypnotic: of or producing a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion or a similar condition to oneself自我催眠的strand: leave in difficulties陷入困境unfulfilled: not completed or achieved; dissatisfied未实现的；未得到满足的erupt: break out suddenly and violently突然发生volcanic: (似)火山的；来自火山的shackle: prevent sb. From acting or speaking freely束缚（某人）salvation: saving of a person’s soul from sin and its consequences; the state of being saved in this way拯救、超度devastation: the state of being destroyed毁灭imperfection: a fault of defect不完美wondrous: wonderful令人惊奇的；意想不到的；极好的Useful Expressionsbe destined for: have a future which has been decided or planned beforehand命中注定，注定；预定gamble away: lose sth. By gambling赌博输掉counter to：in the opposite direction to sth.in opposition to sth.与某事物的方向相反；相反地bring on: cause sth.(usu. Unpleasant)to happen to oneself/sb.else使（通常为不愉快的）某事发生在自己（别人）身上fall apart: break; fall to pieces; disintegrate破裂，破碎；散开be jealous of: be envious of嫉妒的；羡慕的cling to: hold on tightly to sb/sth 紧抓住或抱住close in on: surround or envelop sb/sth 围绕或笼罩ExercisesI Post-reading ActivitiesText comprehensionRead the text and answer the following questions1.How do you understand the two expressions” Happily ever after” and ”Till death us do part”in paragraph 1?2.What do broken marriages have in common?3.In this text, Dr. Whitaker says,” From early childhood on, each of us carried models formarriage, femininity, masculinity, motherhood, fatherhood and all the other family roles”.How do you understand his words?4.According to Sigmund Freud, what leads to a broken, splintered marriage?5.What is the myth on which every marriage relies according to this text?6.What re listed sa the trying causes of broken marriages?7.What does the author mean by saying “The struggle to survive in marriage requires animagination strong enough to feel what the other is feeling” in paragraph 8?8.What do you learn from the stories of Richard and Karen in paragraph 9?9.According to paragraph 10, what is necessary for marriage for marriage success?10.What is the author’s attitude towards divorce according to the last paragraph?Point for discussion:Break into small groups and discuss the following questions .Then report your group’s answers to the class.1.The topic sentence of paragraph 3---“We all select with unconscious accuracy a mate who willrecreate with us the emotional patterns of our first homes”---is repeated\in paragraph 4---“The human way is to compulsively repeat and recreate the patterns of the past.’ Do you view this assertion as a reality in people’s lives? What does Roiphe mean by “unconscious accuracy”2.Have you ever heard the word “sub-marriage”? The term refers to couples who have lost theirpassion and interest in communicating with each other due to various reasons but still maintain their marriage status. On the other hand, many college students cohabit nowadays.They live together in s sexual relationship although not legally married. How do you view these phenomena?II. Language focusV ocabularyPart A. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases given below. Change the form where necessary.Wondrous peril emeritus yearning erode nibble strand erupt shackle salvation devastation imperfection1.During the Gulf War, the Chinese Embassy helped Taiwanese labour service personnelstranded in Kuwait pull out of dangerous place safely.2.G. Wilson Knight, emeritus Professor at the University of Leeds, has had a long and prolificcareer as a critic3.While conventional wisdom holds that conflicts in a relationship slowly erode the bonds thathold partners together, couples who are happy in the long term turn out to have plently of conflicts, too.4.She let her joyous eyes rest upon him without speaking, as upon some wondrous thing she hadcreated out of chaos.5.She drew him towards her with all her might, seeking to know him in the depths of his heart,with a(n) yearning to lose herself in him.6.Many Americans have misunderstandings about China, believing it’s a closed country and thatthe people’s thinking is shackledernment loans have been the salvation of several shaky business companies.8.Her teeth having all dropped out, Granny Li could only nibble away at her food.9.If you aim at imperfection , there are some chances of your getting it; whereas if you aim atperfection, there is none.10.Some of his peers were convinced that the early stages of the illness manifested themselves ingraduate school, but the full-blown symptoms did not erupt until he was 30.Part BChoose the word or phrase that is in closet in meaning to the italicized part of each sentence1.It is becoming increasingly clear that as many as 80 percent of people who are obese arepredisposed genetically.A.ThinB. fatC. crazyD. lazy2.The IT industry is developing so fast that an advanced computer program today may beobsolete next week.A.DesiredB. qualifiedC. outdatedD. frightened3.In such dry weather, if a forest fire cannot be extinguished devastation is sure to ensue.A.DestructionB. salvationC. associationD. communication4.I should like to put forward a proposal; merge the two firms into a big one.A.InterrelateB. associateC. defineD. combine5.Utilization of the land which leaves it in an infertile condition is considered pollution.A.SterileB. richC. productiveD. destructive6.Don’t cling to you old ideas. Be ready to entertain some new ones, otherwise you will alwayslag behind others.A.Put forward toB. hold onC. run toD. put up with7.In modern society, the world’s transport systems would fall apart without a supply ofelectricity.e upB. step upC. split upD. warm uping from a theatrical family, I was destined for a career on the stage--- I was expected tobe an actor.A.Fated to beB. up to beC. made up forD. derived from9.We don’t think he is a dependable person because he acted counter to his promise.A.Similar toB. according toC. up toD. contrary to10.In order to finish the task in time, he wat out in the rain all day and this brought on a bad cold.A.Resulted fromB. resulted inC. brought upD. gave upClozeRead the following passage carefully and choose the best word of phrase given bellow to fill in the each blank. Change the form where necessary.Tend strand tough bored conduct fulfilling affiliate reveal pressure condition rangingA recent survey of woman in 20 large and medium ized cities across the country revealed that about half of the respondents were happy with their marriages and relationships, while nearly 30 percent said they were (1)and 3.4percent they were in agony. 3percent said they were worried about their relationships and 12percent said they did not know how to describe their mixed feelings. The Huakun Woman Survey Center, a(n) (2)of the All-China Women’s Federation, (3)the survey of 2,000 women aged between 20 and 40 at the end of last year, Altogether 1,955 (4)questionnaires were collected. The average age of the surveyed woman was 35, and 70percent were married. About 57percent of the respondents had monthly incomes (5)from 1,000yuan to 3,000yuan. Woman in Shanghai seemed to have the most (6)love lives, with more than 70 percent saying they felt happy. They were followed by woman in Beijing, Qingdao, Ningbo and Tianjin in terms of fulfillment. The survey also (7)that marriages (8) to get less happy the longer they lasted . (9)from work, problems with their children’s education and (10) personal relationships were the main causes of tension, according to the results of the survey.TranslationPart A Translate the following into English.1.对一些人来说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓；而对另一些人来说，婚姻是拯救那些过着孤独单调生活的人的好办法。

G r o w i n g U p1 Fifty years ago parents still asked boys if they wanted to grow up to be president, and asked it not jokingly but seriously. Many parents who were hardly more than paupers still believed their sons could do it. Abraham Lincoln had done it. We were only sixty-five years from Lincoln. Many of grandfather who walked among us could remeber Lincoln. Men of grandfatherly age were the worst for asking if you wanted to grow up to be president. A surprising number of little boys said yes and meant it.五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统，问这话时一本正经，并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕?林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差65年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人，而且他们是当真的。

2 I was asked many times myself. No, I didn’t want to grow up to be president. My mother was present during one of these interrogations. An elderly uncle, having posed the usual question and exposed my lack of interest in the presidency, asked, “Well, what do you want to be when you grow up.我就曾经被问过多次。

新发展研究生英语第一册翻译及课后习题Unit 1 Human Reflections婚姻为什么会失败安妮·洛芙安妮·洛芙是美国女权主义作家，因《主妇狂想曲》、《恩慈》等小说而著名。

她的作品探讨了追求家庭生活与追求事业和自主之间的冲突，因此很值得一读。

1如今有太多的婚姻以离婚而告终，我们最神圣的誓言不再鸣发出真理的回响。

“幸福美满”、“至死不渝”这类表达方式似乎越来越不合时宜了。

为什么夫妻之间变得如此难以相处呢？究竟什么地方出了差错？我们怎么了以至于几乎一半的夫妇注定要走向离婚法庭？我们怎么创造了这样一个社会，竟有42%的儿童要生活在单亲家庭中？如果统计学能够衡量孤独、后悔、痛苦、自信心的丧失及对未来的恐惧的话，那么这样的统计数字恐怕将难以计算。

2虽然每个破裂的家庭都有其独特的情况，但我们仍然可以发现其共同的危险：即人们对婚姻感到绝望的共同原因。

每个婚姻都有危机点，每个婚姻都是对耐久力，即对夫妻间亲密及变化的承受能力的考验。

外界的压力如失业、疾病、不孕、孩子的问题、照料年迈的父母以及生活中的其它麻烦都冲击着婚姻，就像飓风猛烈袭击海岸一样。

有些婚姻在这些暴风雨中得以生存，而有些却经不住这些风浪。

但是，婚姻失败不纯粹是因为外界天气的影响，更是因为内部气候变得太冷或太热、太动荡不安或太冷淡麻木。

3当我们着眼于我们如何选择伴侣以及在温柔的爱情初期有何期望的时候，某些婚姻失败的原因就变得相当清晰了。

我们都无意识却又准确地选择一个伴侣，他（她）们会和我们共同创建我们第一个家的感情模式。

威斯康星大学婚姻问题专家及精神病学荣誉教授卡尔·A ·威特克博士解释说：“从童年的早期开始，我们每一个人都会具备婚姻、女性的温柔、男子汉气概、为父之道、为母之道以及家庭其他成员角色的模式。

”我们每个人都会爱上具有自己父母品质的人，来帮助我们重新发现过去生活中的喜怒哀乐。

我们或许以为我们找到的人并不像父亲，但是之后我们发现他开始酗酒或吸毒，或者一次又一次地失去工作或默默地坐在电视机前，同父亲如出一辙；一个男人可能选择的女人就像他的母亲一样也不喜欢小孩子或者像母亲一样因为赌博把家里的积蓄输得精光。

硕士英语综合教程1u n i t1-6课后汉译英答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Unit11. Bending under the weight of the packs, sweating, they climbed steadily in the pine forest that covered the mountainside.2. Concentrating on time passing, as we do when bored, will trigger brain activity which will take it seem as though the clock is ticking more slowly.3. Unemployment shot up in France during the second quarter, and the country is top finance official said the situation would continue to aggravate even if a global economic recovery gathers pace. It was the worst quarterly unemployment in France since 2006.4. As social practice continues to develop, we should keep renewing our ideas and make innovations courageously in light of practical needs.5. Bicycles are regarded as an economical alternative to buses whose fares have increased three times in the past few years.6. The U.S. government has called on people to save water, because the scarcity of water has become a source of global ecological, economic and political problems.7. In order to be a recognized leader in the industry, it is essential for a company to improve production quality and tap the overseas market through the help of state-of-the-art technologies and equipment.8. If you are thinking about coming to Britain for Christmas, it might be a good idea to think again, because thousands of Christmas travelers have been stranded in the UK as adverse weather conditions caused massive disruption to the transport infrastructure.Unit21. Foreigners in China must abide by Chinese laws and should not endanger the national security of China, harm public interests and disrupt public order.2. Love does not lie in gazing at each other but in looking forward together in the same direction.3. When learning any foreign language, one has to learn, first and foremost, its new phonological and grammar systems, which means acquiring a totally unfamiliar set of language learning habits.4. Financial experts suggest that to the women under 30, the income of this phase in general is the lowest.5. China will increase dialogue and cooperation with the U.S. and the international community to crack down on all forms of terrorist activities.6. Now is the time to make a careful plan according to the list, so you should put the most important and urgent thing first.7. In accordance with your request, we are sending the sample pages of the dictionary, and meanwhile your valuable suggestions are welcomed.8. In addition, advertisers appeal to the people's desire for health and reputation, to desire to be in fashion, self-esteem, psychological of make others envy and jealousy. Unit31. The Confucian thought has a long history. It have a profound impact on China's political, ideological, science, technology, culture and art, it is an important part of traditional Chinese culture.2. In fact, what we have done over the past years and will do in the future with the products must coincide with the requirement of WTO.3. In an increasingly globalized world, the diversity of religious and cultural should be used to promote social justice, tolerance and understanding, as well as international peace and security, it's not as a reason for a new ideological and political confrontation.4. The initial stage of marriage doesn't only involves adapting to another man's existence and their habits.5. Whether you have used the software or not, you may already be familiar with some of its functions, but the latest version is rated as an important milestone in the progression of its development.6. In the case of default, when you delete most of the files, you do not really delete these files, they are just moved to the Recycle Bin, so still take up disk space.7. The effect of painkillers will wear off within a few hours，but its advantage is few side effects.8. Ecological civilization is the only way to global sustainable development，the best way to protect the Earth's ecosystems, the inevitable choice of human development. Unit41. However, it often happens that the thinking lags behind the actual, because human cognition is limited by many social conditions.2. Something big was in the offing, so big that the workers at the Simonson plant had been arrested to avoid any information leaked out.3. Only by understanding the nature of thinking mode, can man put forward new ideas in philosophy, and the crux of philosophical innovation lies in the change of man's thinking mode.4. From then on, he struggled in his attempts to overcome his poor social status and insinuate himself into upper-class society.5. It is a far cry from the days when I was just a clerk in a supermarket and nobody paid me ant attention.6. The invention of the microprocessor set the stage for the microcomputer——personal computer revolution——ordinary people can afford the price of this kind of computer.7. So there is no such thing as an enemy in absolute terms. The enemies we face are only in relative terms, constantly changing with the times.8. Whether from history or the perspective of international law, Taiwan beyond dispute is one part of China's sacred territory and it is an inviolable mission of the entire Chinese people to reunify the motherland.Uint61. There are many wonderful and exciting things waiting for you in New Beijing, a vibrant modern metropolis with 3,000 years of history and culture woven into the urban prosperity.2. He is such an enthusiastic fans that he tends to hold forth on his favorite team whenever it is mentioned.3. The education system must outfit the young generation with the necessary knowledge, attitudes and values to ensure they keep up with the new age which there might be no jobs but only opportunities.4. The anxious mother searched high and low for her missing son, only to find him sleeping sound in the mess of toys in his own bedroom.5. In order to find a more effective treatment methods, the hospital will actively cooperate with a local research institute to look for genetic markers that correlate with this chronic disease.6. The accounting system of an enterprise consists of the methods, procedures, and devices used by an economic entity to keep track of its financial activities and to summarize these activities.7. When she graduated from college, Cindy decided to go back to work in the orphanage where she had been brought up, because her heart was overstuffed with gratitude and warmth for those who had generously helped her in her growth and she wanted to be like them also to give help to the kids who had lost their parents. 8. NASA planned to splurge on the feasibility of the project of sending astronauts to Mars and having them settle down on it.。

Presenting a speech（做演讲）Of all human creations, language may be the most remarkable. Through在人类所有的创造中，语言也许是影响最为深远的。

我们用语言language we share experience, formulate values, exchange ideas, transmit来分享经验，表达(传递？)价值观，交换想法，传播知识，knowledge, and sustain culture. Indeed, language is vital to think itself.传承文化。

事实上，对语言本身的思考也是至关重要的。

[Contrary to popular belief], language | does not simply mirror reality butalso helps to create our sense of reality [by giving meaning to events].和通常所认为的不同的是，语言并不只是简单地反映现实，语言在具体描述事件的时候也在帮助我们建立对现实的感知。

——语序的调整。

Good speakers have respect for language and know how it works. Words are the tools of a speaker’s craft. They have special uses, just like the tools of any other profession. As a speaker, you should be aware of the meaning of words and know how to use language accurately, clearly,vividly,and appropriately.好的演讲者对语言很重视，也知道如何让它发挥更好的效果。

Unit One TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1What exactly is a key player? A key player is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. I asked a client --a hiring manager involved in a search --to define it for me.核心员工究竟是什么样子的? 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。

我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。

“Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.On my team of seven process engineers and biologist, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without ，”he said.他说，每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。

在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”“Key players are essential to my organization.And when hire your company to recruit for us ,we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that :the staff that another manager will not want to see leave .We recruit only key players .”“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。

研究生英语综合教程下册1,4,5,6单元课文翻译研究生英语综合教程（下）系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳？麦克高恩1. 咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。

但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。

他们可能都会这样说：“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。

2. 我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中：在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。

对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。

实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都说他们的生活之后与某种方式的改变。

3. 诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。

这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理：大难不死，意志弥坚。

创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。

在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。

更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来一甚至最终会成功发达。

4. 那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证：为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。

我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气：一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。

5. 这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面一种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。

那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质一是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。

事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义一或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历（哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻）最有发言权。

UNIT11. Recently, one of us had the opportunity to speak with a medical student about a research rotation that the student was planning to do. She would be working with Dr. Z, who had given her the project of writing a paper for which he had designed the protocol, collected the data, and compiled the results. The student was to do a literature search and write the first draft of the manuscript. For this she would become first author on the final publication. When concerns were raised about the proposed project, Dr. Z was shocked. "l thought I was doing her a favor," he said innocently, "and besides, I hate writing!"2. Dr. Z is perhaps a bit naive. Certainly, most researchers would know that the student's work would not merit first authorship. They would know that "gift" authorship is not an acceptable research practice. However, an earlier experience in our work makes us wonder. Several years ago, in conjunction with the grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Pott Secondary Education (FIPSE), a team of philosophers and scientists at Dartmouth College 2 ran a University Seminar series for faculty on the topic "Ethical Issues in scientific Research."At one seminar, a senior researcher (let's call him Professor R) argued a similar position to that of Dr. Z. In this case Professor R knew that "gift" authorship, authorship without a significant research contribution, was an unacceptable research practice. However, he had a reason to give authorship to his student.The student had worked for several years on a project suggested by him and the project had yielded to publishable data. Believing that he had a duty to the student to ensure a publication, Professor R had given the student some data that he himself had collected and told the student to write it up. The student had worked hard, he said, albeit on another project, and the student would do the writing. Thus, he reasoned, the authorship was not a "gift."3. These two stories point up a major reason for encouraging courses in research ethics: Good intentions do not necessarily result in ethical decisions. Both of the faculty members in the above scenarios "meant well." In both cases, the faculty members truly believed that what they were doing was morally acceptable. In the first case, Dr. Z's indefensible error was that he was unaware of the conventions of the field.In particular, he seemed blissfully oblivious to the meaning of first authorship. In the second case, Professor R was do ng what he thought best for the student without taking into consideration that moral. ty is a public system and that his actions with regard to a single student have public consequences for the practice of science as a profession.4. Well-meaning scientists, such as those just mentioned, can, with the best of intentions, make unethical decisions. In some cases, such decisions may lead individuals to become embroiled in cases of 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有机会与一名医科学生谈论她正计划要做的一个实验室轮转项目。

Unit One核心员工的特征大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。

我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。

“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。

在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。

当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。

我们只招募核心员工。

”2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。

他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。

然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。

他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。

“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。

假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。

”只是这样有点儿冒险。

3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。

作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。

4特征1：无私的合作者职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。

关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。

它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。

“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。

在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。

”5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。

因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。

你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。

这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。

拉塞尔・贝克拉塞尔・贝克是美国专栏评论家、幽默作家和政论家。

他的作品以其幽默诙谐的语言对社会、政治等进行了强而有力地评论。

1五十年前父母大都会问男孩子们长大后想不想当总统 问这话时一本正经 并非开玩笑。

许多穷得跟乞丐似的父母也仍然相信他们的孩子能当上总统。

亚伯拉罕・林肯就做到了。

我们与林肯那个时代仅仅差 年。

依然健在的许多爷爷辈的人还能记得林肯时代。

就是他们最喜欢问你长大后想不想当总统。

回答说想当的小男孩数量多得惊人 而且他们是当真的。

2我就曾经被问过多次。

我会回答说不 我长大后不想当总统。

有一个年纪大的叔叔 当着母亲的面向我提出这个问烂了的问题 发现了我对当总统不感兴趣 他就接着又问 “那你长大了想干什么呢 ”3我那时喜欢到垃圾堆上去拣东西 收集空瓶子、有漂亮标签的罐子和废弃的杂志。

世界上最吸引我的工作立刻浮现在我的脑子里。

“我想当一个垃圾工。

”我说道。

4叔叔听后笑了 而母亲却觉察到了我那呆头呆脑的苗头 不免伤心。

“有点上进心吧 拉塞尔。

”她说道。

她叫我“拉塞尔”表明她不高兴 因为她夸我的时候总是叫我“小家伙”。

5 转眼间我长到了八岁 她觉得我得找个工作 开始踏上那条让我自己成就点什么的道路 而不能再四平八稳地坐失良机了。

“巴迪” 有一天她跟我说 “今天放学后马上回家。

有人要来 我要你见见他。

”6那天下午我冲进家门的时候 她正在客厅里跟柯蒂斯出版公司的一个负责人谈话。

他把我介绍给他。

他弯下腰和我握了握手 问我是不是像母亲说的那样渴望获得进入商界的机会。

7母亲在一旁忙说我决意要使自己成为一个有所成就的人。

8“是的。

”我低声说。

9“那么 你是否具备在商业上获得成功所需要的刚强、勇气和绝不放弃的精神呢 ”10母亲回答说我当然具备。

11“是的。

”我说。

12他盯着我好一会儿 默不作声 似乎在掂量着我是否值得他的信任 然后和我坦率地谈了起来。

他说 在走出关键性的一步之前 他得提醒我 年轻人为柯蒂斯出版公司工作要承担巨大的责任。

上unit1——TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS关键员工的特征1.What exactly is a key player?A“Key Player"is aphrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted.I asked a client——a hiring manager involved in a recent search—to define it for me."Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done.On my team of seven process engineers and biologists,I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,”he said."Key players are essential to my organization.And when we hire your company to recruit for us,we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just that:the staff that another manager will not want to see leave.We recruit only key players.”关键员工到底是什么?在我进行的每一次搜索中，我都会从雇主那里听到“关键员工”这个词。

Unit 1 Human ReflectionsTranslationPart A1.对一些人来说，婚姻是爱情的坟墓；而对另一些人来说，婚姻是拯救那些过着孤单生活的人的好办法。

译：For some, marriage is the grave of love, while for others, marriage is an effective salvation for those who lead a solitary life.2.此次会议肩负着重大的历史责任，必然将对该组织的发展产生深远影响。

译：Blessed with a great historical responsibility, the Conference is destined to have far-reaching impact on the development of the organization.3.所有这些都寄寓着人们对美好生活的向往，因此得以代代流传。

译：All of these show people’s yearning for a better life, so they have been carried forward generation after generation.4.总统警告说，如果国会现在通过这一法案，那么他一直努力维护的脆弱的和平进程可能就会破裂。

译：If Congress approved the bill now, the president warned, the fragile peace process that he is trying to keep could fall apart.5.夫妻之间必须能够容忍彼此性格上的一些瑕疵，否则的话她们的婚姻很可能会以离婚而告终。

译：The couple must be tolerant of the little imperfections in each other’s character, otherwise their marriage may end up in divorce.Part B爱情是一部电话机，渴望它响起时，它却总是悄无声息；不经心留意时，它又叮铃铃地响起。

unit one 参考译文Text A 如何变“末流”为“一流”：哈佛对捐赠大户的回报1 初春的一个夜晚，暖意融融。

一群公司执行官、律师、石油巨子、理财经纪人、身价不菲的咨询师以及巨额财产继承人，悄然走出查尔斯宾馆和哈佛饭店的套房。

这些商界显要，男的个个头发花白，身着灰色西装──有的拄着手杖，有的则由于长期在哈佛运动队或网球队锻炼，一副运动员身材，充满活力、脸色红润；女的戴着丝巾，身穿苗条的黑色长裤，但其中几乎没有一张黑人和拉美人的面孔，他们穿过一道普通的门，走进安尼博格餐厅。

此次聚会，校内没有通报，媒体也不得报道。

２平常简朴的新生餐厅今天用连翘花和郁金香装点一新，客人们品尝着鸡尾酒、葡萄酒和牛柳、蟹黄蛋糕、芦笋尖等开胃小菜，享受着时任哈佛校长劳伦斯·撒莫斯的殷勤。

有几位客人谈论着海斯特布丁俱乐部最近的那场演出，这个俱乐部是一个学生戏剧协会，每年春天都要上演一场音乐滑稽戏，由哈佛的男生男扮女装参加表演。

３过了一会儿，布置在二楼阳台的哈佛乐队开始演奏“万名哈佛人”，客人们各自入席，烛光晚宴开始。

酒足饭饱之后，客人们兴高采烈，对撒莫斯校长的餐后致词报以阵阵掌声。

唯一例外的是，撒莫斯校长简要介绍学校计划扩大低收入家庭子女的招生，为年收入低于四万美元家庭的子女上哈佛提供免费教育，此时，校长似乎在等待在场贵宾们赞许的掌声，但竟然没有掌声。

我分析，这种令人尴尬的沉默传递了一个信号，甚至可称为威胁：你要是扩大招收低收入家庭的子女而将我们这些人的孩子拒之门外，我们就会停止数以百万计的捐款。

４4月8日的这顿晚宴，拉开了哈佛大学学校资源委员会（COUR）2005年年会的序幕。

该委员会或许是高等学校里一个最具财力的顾问团，但鲜为人知，媒体亦少有提及。

实际上COUR不是一般意义上的委员会──它并不正式制定学校政策或发表正式意见──但撒莫斯同其他任何一任哈佛校长一样，离不开COUR的支持。

该委员会成员均为哈佛最大的捐赠人，他们捐赠的资金构成哈佛2005财政年度255亿捐款的主要部分，使得哈佛成为美国高校中收到捐款最多的学校，比位居第二的耶鲁大学高出100亿美元。

可编辑修改精选全文完整版新一代大学英语发展篇综合教程1答案Unit 1 Social media and friendship iExplore 11-2 iExplore 1: Learning before classReading comprehension lA B A B ADealing with vocabulary lA B A A A B1-3 iExplore 1: Reviewing after classApplication lReference:1. To say is easier than to do.2. Mary wantedto make a lot of money, buy stock, andretire early.3. She stayed up late either studving her English or goingto parties. iExplore 21-4 iExplore 2: Learning before classReading comprehension lB A DDealing with vocabulary l1.interactpatible3.massive4.contrast5.criticize/criticise6.hesitantiProduce1-6 Unit projectReference:Step 2: Make pre-debate preparationsA. Aristotle on friendship翻译:对于亚里士多德而言，友情可以分为三类:实用型友情，愉悦型友情和美德型友情。

实用型友情的基础是双方能够相互利用。

愉悦型友情视双方所能获得的快乐多少而定。

实用型友情和愉悦型友情都允许一一个人有多位朋友，而美德型友情与这两种关系不同，只能存在于一-对一-的关系里。

只有两个人德行一致(或非常相似)，且都是品格高尚的人，才能发展这种美德型友情。

新发展研究生英语综合教程课文翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]U n i t1w h y m a r r i a g e s f a i l1这些日子，许多婚姻以离婚结束，我们最神圣的誓言不再与真理联系在一起了。

“幸运地”和“直到死亡我们做了一部分”是表面上看起来已经过时了。

为什么夫妻一起呆在一起变得如此困难？出了什么问题？我们发生了什么事，接近一半的婚姻注定离婚法庭？我们如何创造一个社会，其中42％的孩子将在单亲家庭中长大？如果统计数据只能衡量孤独，遗憾，痛苦，失去自信和对未来的恐惧，数字将超出量化。

2即使每一个破碎的婚姻是独一无二的，我们仍然可以找到共同的危险，婚姻绝望的共同原因。

每个婚姻都有一个危机点，每个婚姻都测试耐力，亲密和变化的能力。

外部压力，如工作失调，疾病，不育，与孩子的麻烦，照顾老化的父母，和所有其他生命的瘟疫飓风爆炸我们的海岸的方式。

有些婚姻在这些暴风雨中生存下来，其他婚姻却没有。

然而，婚姻失败，不仅仅是因为外部天气，而是因为内部气候变得太热或太冷，太湍急或太吝啬。

3当我们看看我们如何选择我们的合作伙伴，并在浪漫的开始有什么期望存在，一些灾难的原因变得相当清楚。

我们都选择无意识的准确性，将与我们重新创建我们的第一个家的情感模式的伴侣。

威斯康星大学婚姻治疗师和精神病学荣誉教授Carl A. Whitaker博士解释说：“从幼年时代起，我们每个人都携带婚姻，女性气质，男性气质，母性，父亲和所有其他家庭角色的模式。

“我们每个人都爱上一个有我们父母品质的伴侣，他们将帮助我们重新发现我们过去生活的心理幸福和痛苦。

我们可能认为我们发现了一个不像爸爸的男人，但随后他回到喝酒或毒品，或者一次又一次地失去了他的工作，或者像爸爸那样默默地坐在电视机前面。

一个男人可以选择一个不喜欢孩子的女人，就像他的母亲，或者像他的母亲一样赌了家庭储蓄。

或者他可以选择一个苗条的妻子，似乎不像他的肥胖母亲，但后来发现有其他的瘾，摧毁他们的相互幸福。