Long, saturated fatty acyl chains have the greatest tendency to aggregate, packing tightly together into a gel-like state.
膜蛋白荧光标记脱色恢复实验
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膜脂的运动方式
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Lipid droplets are surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer
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脂质体(liposome)
脂质体是根据磷脂分子可在水相中形成 稳定的脂双层膜的趋势而制备的人工膜。
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脂质体的类型和应用
(a)水溶液中的磷脂分子团; (b)球形脂质体; (c)平面脂质体膜; (d)用于疾病治疗的脂质体的示意图
沿膜平面侧向运动 围绕轴心的自旋 分子尾部的摆动 双层分子间的翻转
依赖于翻转酶flipase
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脂筏Lipid raft
鞘脂和胆固醇形成,厚度和构成均和周围不同,脂筏可以集中某些蛋白。 The first hint that lipids may be organized within the leaflets was the
血型糖蛋白,跨膜螺旋由20-25个疏水性氨基酸构成 Structure of glycophorห้องสมุดไป่ตู้n A, a typical singlepass
transmembrane protein. Typically, a membraneembedded helix is composed of 20–25 hydrophobic (uncharged) amino acids. The predicted length of such a helix (3.75 nm) is just sufficient to span the hydrocarbon core of a phospholipid bilayer. The hydrophobic side chains protrude outward from the helix and form van der Waals interactions with the fatty acyl chains in the bilayer.