步步高答案解析

第五章 物质结构 元素周期律第13讲 原子结构1.（2009·成都模拟）铋（Bi ）在医药方面有重要应用。

下列关于20983Bi 和21083Bi 的说法正确的是 ( )A.20983Bi 和21083Bi 都含有83个中子B.20983Bi 和21083Bi 互为同位素C.20983Bi 和21083Bi 的核外电子数不同D.20983Bi 和21083Bi 分别含有126和127个质子答案 B2.(2008·全国理综Ⅱ,11)某元素的一种同位素X 的质量数为A ，含N 个中子，它与1H 原子组成H m X 分子。

在a g H m X 中所含质子的物质的量是 （ ） A.m A +2(A-N+m ) molB.A a(A-N) mol C.mA a+(A-N) molD. Aa (A-N+m ) mol答案 A3.（2009·商丘模拟）某元素原子的最外层电子数是次外层的a 倍（a >1)，则该原子的核内质子数是 ( ) A.2a +2 B.2a +10 C.a +2 D.2a答案 A4.(2008·上海，2)化学科学需要借助化学专用语言来描述，下列有关化学用语正确的是 ( )A. CO 2的电子式为B.Cl -的结构示意图为C.乙烯的结构简式为C 2H 4D.质量数为37的氯原子为1737Cl 答案 B5.（2009·长春模拟）下列叙述正确的是 （ ） A.聚丙烯的结构简式为：B.石英的化学式为：CaSiO 3C.在CS 2、PCl 3中各原子最外层均能达到8电子的稳定结构D.Ar 原子的结构示意图为：答案 C6.下图为四种粒子的结构示意图，完成以下填空：A. B. C. D.（1）属于阳离子结构的粒子是 。

（2）B 粒子的半径 C 粒子的半径（填“大于”“小于”或“等于”）。

（3）某元素R 形成的氧化物为R 2O 3，则R 的原子结构示意图可能是 。

[精编]高中古诗词阅读鉴赏步步高(全)答案解析共50题1．阅读下面这首唐诗，完成下面小题。

谪岭南道中作李德裕岭水争分路转迷，桄榔椰叶暗蛮溪①。

愁冲毒雾逢蛇草，畏落沙虫避燕泥。

五月畲田②收火米，三更津吏报潮鸡③。

不堪肠断思乡处，红槿花中越鸟啼。

（注）①蛮溪；泛指岭南的溪流。

②畲田：用火烧掉田地里的草木，然后耕田种植。

③三更津吏报潮鸡：《舆地志》说：“移风县有鸡……每潮至则鸣，故称之‘潮鸡’。

”三更潮汛到来的时候，鸡就会叫，津吏就把这消息通知旅行的人。

1．下列对这首诗的赏析，不正确的一项是（）A．首联“争分”写出了岭水分流的态势，“暗”字表现了桄榔椰叶的茂密。

B．颔联写诗人怕毒雾、蛇草，避沙虫、燕泥，写出了途中提心吊胆的情状。

C．颈联以五月收获稻米、三更时津吏就报潮汛到来表现了岭南人们的勤劳。

D．全诗写景抒情互相交替，显得灵活多变而不呆滞，景中寓情，情中有景。

2．请简要赏析本诗的末句“红槿花中越鸟啼”。

【答案】1．C2．①本句写红槿花开，越鸟在花丛中啼鸣，描绘了一幅艳丽的岭南风景图。

②本句以乐景衬哀情。

景色越美，诗人被贬的苦闷之情和对家乡的思念之意就更显得浓重。

③本句以景结情，能够引发读者的联想和想象，显得意犹未尽，耐人深思。

④本句视听结合，使画面充满立体感，生动形象。

（答出其中三点且意思对即可。

）【分析】1．本题考查学生分析理解诗歌内容及手法的能力。

C．颈联两句的意思是“五月间岭南已经在收获稻米，三更潮汛到来的时候，鸡就会叫，津吏就把这消息通知旅行的人。

这两句并非在表现岭南人们的勤劳，而是在表现岭南与北方不同，并为尾联抒发诗人被谪贬瘴疠之地的深切思乡之情作铺垫。

故选C。

2．本题考查学生鉴赏诗歌炼句的能力。

诗的最后一句“红槿花中越鸟啼”是一句写景句，描写了看着那鲜艳欲滴的红槿花，听着那树上越鸟的鸣叫，这是一幅典型艳丽的岭南风景图。

作者此处写岭南美景并非是为眼前景色所陶醉，而是写岭南的风物与自己北方的故乡的不同，此处表面上是写岭南美景，其实是以乐景衬哀情，景色越美，诗人被贬的苦闷之情和对家乡的思念之意就更显得浓重。

2025高考语文步步高大一轮复习讲义教材文言文点线面选择性必修中册(二)单篇梳理4过秦论含答案复习重点 1.积累并记牢“过”“乘”“遗”“策”“顾”“负”“盛”等重要词语。

2.背诵两文，翻译重点句子。

3.掌握判断句的特点及辨析方法。

单篇梳理4过秦论通读全文，解释加点的词语。

(第1段)秦孝公据崤函之固，拥雍州之地，君臣固守以窥周室，有席卷天下，包举宇内，囊括四海之意，并吞八荒之心。

当是时也，商君佐之，内立法度，务．①()耕织，修守战之具．②()，外连衡而斗诸侯。

于是秦人拱手．．③()而取西河之外。

(第2段)孝公既没，惠文、武、昭襄蒙．①()故业，因．②()遗策，南取汉中，西举．③()巴、蜀，东割膏腴之地，北收要害之郡。

诸侯恐惧，会盟而谋弱秦，不爱．④()珍器重宝肥饶之地，以致．⑤()天下之士，合从缔交，相与．．⑥()为一。

当此之时，齐有孟尝，赵有平原，楚有春申，魏有信陵。

此四君者，皆明智而忠信，宽厚而爱人，尊贤而重士，约从离衡，兼韩、魏、燕、楚、齐、赵、宋、卫、中山之众。

于是六国之士，有甯越、徐尚、苏秦、杜赫之属为之谋，齐明、周最、陈轸、召滑、楼缓、翟景、苏厉、乐毅之徒通其意，吴起、孙膑、带佗、倪良、王廖、田忌、廉颇、赵奢之伦制其兵。

尝以十倍之地，百万之众，叩关而攻秦。

秦人开关延．⑦()敌，九国之师，逡巡而不敢进。

秦无亡矢遗镞．⑧()之费．⑨()，而天下诸侯已困矣。

于是从散约败，争割地而赂秦。

秦有余力而制其弊．⑩()，追亡逐北．⑪()，伏尸百万，流血漂橹；因利乘便，宰割天下，分裂山河。

强国请服，弱国入朝。

延及孝文王、庄襄王，享国之日浅，国家无事。

(第3段)及至始皇，奋．①()六世之余烈．②()，振．③()长策而御．④()宇内，吞二周而亡诸侯，履至尊而制六合．．⑤()，执敲扑而鞭笞．⑥()天下，威振四海。

南取百越之地，以为桂林、象郡；百越之君，俯首系颈，委．⑦()命下吏。

乃使蒙恬北筑长城而守藩篱，却匈奴七百余里；胡人不敢南下而牧马，士不敢弯弓而报怨．⑧()。

高一物理步步高分层训练答案必修一20201.两列火车平行地停在一站台上，过了一会，甲车内的乘客发现窗外树木在向西移动，乙车内的乘客发现甲车没有动，如以地面为参考系，上述事实说明 [单选题] *A. 甲车向东移动，乙车不动B. 乙车向东运动，甲车不动C. 甲车向东运动，乙车向西运动D. 甲、乙两车以相同的速度向东运动(正确答案)答案解析：【答案】D【解析】甲车乘客看到树木向西移动，甲车乘客是以甲车为参照物，则树木是西运动的，则甲车相对于静止的地面来说是向东运动的；而乘客看到乙车未动，即甲、乙两车处于相对静止状态，由于甲车是向东运动的，即乙车相对于地面也是向东运动的．故选D2.关于质点，下列说法是否正确() [单选题] *A. 质点是指一个很小的物体B. 在研究汽车的运动轨迹时汽车不可以被看成质点C. 无论物体的大小，在机械运动中都可以看作质点D. 质点是对物体的科学抽象，是理想化模型(正确答案)答案解析：【答案】D【解析】【分析】质点是只计质量、不计大小、形状的一个点，是实际物体在一定条件的科学抽象，能否看作质点物体本身无关，要看所研究问题的性质，看物体的形状和大小在所研究的问题中是否可以忽略．【详解】很小的物体它的体积不一定能够忽略，不一定能看成质点，如原子很小，在研究原子内部结构的时候是不能看成质点的，故A错误．在研究行驶中汽车的运动轨迹时，不考虑汽车的具体形状，故汽车可以看作质点；只有物体的满足条件后才能看作质点；并不是都可以看作质点；故C错误；质点是一种科学的抽象，生活中并不存在；故D正确；故选BD．3.一个小球从4m高处落下，被地面弹回，在1m高处被接住，则小球在整个过程中 [单选题] *A. 位移是5mB. 路程是5m(正确答案)C. 位移大小是1mD. 以上均不对答案解析：【答案】B【解析】小球从4m高处自由落下，被地面弹回，在1m高处被接住．由于路程等于运动轨迹的长度，所以s=4+1m=5m．位移的大小等于首末位置的距离，大小为3m．故ACD错误，B正确．故选B．4.关于速度的说法正确的是( ) [单选题] *A. 速度与位移成正比B. 平均速率等于平均速度的大小C. 匀速直线运动任何一段时间内的平均速度等于任一点的瞬时速度(正确答案)D. 瞬时速度就是运动物体在一段较短时间内的平均速度答案解析：【答案】C【解析】速度采用了比值定义法，速度等于位移与时间的比值，但不与位移成正比，A错误；平均速率等于路程与时间的比值；而平均速度是位移与时间的比值，B错误；匀速直线运动中速度保持不变；故任何一段时间内的平均速度等于任一点的瞬时速度，C正确；瞬时速度可以用运动物体在一段较短时间内的平均速度来代替近似求解；但不能说平均速度就是瞬时速度；故D错误．5.物体沿一条直线运动，下列说法中正确的有 [单选题] *A. 物体在某时刻的速度为3 m/s，则物体在1 s内一定走3 mB. 物体在某1 s内的平均速度是3 m/s，则物体在这1 s内的位移一定是3 m(正确答案)C. 物体在某段时间内的平均速度是3 m/s，则物体在1 s内的位移一定是3 mD. 物体在某段位移内的平均速度是3 m/s，则物体某1 s内的位移不小于3 m答案解析：.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：物体在某时刻的速度为3m/s，由于物体不一定做匀速直线运动，则物体在1s内的位移不一定为3m，故A错误．物体在某1s内的平均速度是3m/s，根据x=vt知，物体在这1s内的位移一定是3m，故B正确．物体在某段时间内的平均速度为3m/s，则某1s内的平均速度不一定为3m/s，则位移不一定是3m，故C错误．6、[单选题] *ABC(正确答案)D答案解析：7、[单选题] * ABC(正确答案) D答案解析：7.【答案】c【解析】A、物体A的运动是以10m/s的速度匀速运动，A正确；B、物体B的运动是先以5m/s的速度与A同方向，后静止，最后反向运动，故B正确；C、物体B在最初3s内位移是0，故C错误；D、物体B在最初3s内路程是：1×5+1×5=10m，D正确．故选c．8、[单选题] *AB(正确答案)CD答案解析：【答案】B【解析】【分析】力的合成遵循平行四边形定则，三力合成可以先合成其中两个力，再与第三个力合成，也可用正交分解法先分解再合成．【详解】对甲，先将F1与F3合成，然后再用勾股定理，与F2进行合成，求得合力等于5 N，故A错误；对乙，先将F1与F3沿水平和竖直方向正交分解，再合成，求得合力等于5 N，故B正确；对丙，可将F3沿水平和竖直方向正交分解正交分解，求得合力等于6 N，故C错误；根据三角形法则，丁图中合力等于0，故D错误；故选B。

2023年步步高新教材教材文言文点线面语文答案答案：1、D(“全部是歌颂”错，原文“歌颂为主”“劝百讽一”)2、A(“文人的鸿篇巨制绝迹”错，原文“文人鸿篇巨制形式的大赋作品逐渐减少”)3、C(“写作汉大赋的作家地位较高”，错，原文“汉代经学盛行，辞赋家的地位低下”)4、B命题透析：此题主要考查文言文断句能力、要求选择正确的断句项、答案选B。

思路点拨：断句的方法很多，比如虚词标志法，句意断句法等等、但是作为人物传记中的叙述语句，最好先抓人物事件，这句话主要讲傅珪参与修撰，因此而被降职和升官的历程，意思是：“说《会典》成于刘健等人，靡费很多，降参与修撰者的官，傅珪降为修撰，不久因《孝宗实录》修成，晋升左中允，再次晋升至翰林学士，历任吏部左、右侍郎、”然后做语法分析，即可得到答案、同时选择题，可以比对排除、所以选B。

5、A、命题透析：此题文言中的文化常识，题目比较简单、要求选择不正确项、答案选A。

思路点拨：四个选项涉及的文化常识都是常见的，仔细辨析即可得到答案、选A、A项中“土地、户籍”等职事归户部掌管。

6、C命题透析：此题主要考查文言文本的内容理解和概括、分析的能力、选择错误项、答案选C。

思路点拨：C项“后因得罪权贵被迫退休”错误，原文是“遂矫旨令二人致仕”即“(权贵)假托皇上诏命，让两个人辞去官职”需要对照原文，并对原文相应语句做翻译，错误往往在细微处。

7、(1)命题透析：此题主要考查文言文本的内容理解和语言表达能力、答案是：极力奏陈其时社会弊病十件事，话语多指斥受宠的权贵，权贵愈加痛恨他。

思路点拨：译出大意给3分，“权幸”“嫉” 两处，每译对一处给1分、本句比较简单，翻译中注意通顺即可、权幸，权指权贵，幸指宠幸，这里是被宠幸，这是课本中的常用实词，如《阿房宫》中的“缦立远视，而望幸焉”。

(2)命题透析：此题主要考查文言文本的内容理解和语言表达能力、答案是：又认为傅珪刚正忠实，敢于直言，应当起用，吏部按照卢雍的话上奏，没有回复。

第六章 从杂交育种到基因工程训练24 杂交育种与诱变育种基础过关知识点一 杂交育种1．用纯种的高秆(D)抗锈病(T)小麦与矮秆(d)易染锈病(t)小麦培育矮秆抗锈病小麦新品种的方法如下：高秆抗锈病小麦×矮秆易染锈病小麦――→①F 1――→②雄配子――→③幼苗――→④选出符合要求的品种。

下列有关此种育种方法的叙述中，正确的是 ( ) A ．过程①是杂交B ．过程④必须使用生长素处理C ．过程②是自交D ．过程③必须经过受精作用2．用杂合种子尽快获得纯合子的方法是 ( ) A ．种植→F 2→ 选不分离者→纯合子 B ．种植→秋水仙素→纯合子C ．种植→花药离体培养→单倍体幼苗→秋水仙素处理→纯合子D ．种植→秋水仙素→花药离体培养→纯合子3．下图为利用纯合高秆(D)抗病(E)小麦和纯合矮秆(d)染病(e)小麦快速培育纯合优良小麦品种矮秆抗病小麦 (ddEE)的示意图，有关此图叙述不正确的是 ( )A ．图中进行①过程的主要目的是让控制不同优良性状的基因组合到一起B ．②过程中发生了非同源染色体的自由组合C ．实施③过程依据的主要生物学原理是细胞增殖D ．④过程的实施中通常利用一定浓度的秋水仙素4．用杂合子(DeEe)种子获得纯合子(ddee)，最简捷的方法是 ( ) A ．种植→F 1→选双隐性者→纯合子 B ．种植→秋水仙素处理→纯合子C ．种植→花药离体培养→单倍体幼苗→秋水仙素处理→纯合子D ．种植→秋水仙素处理→花药离体培养→纯合子 知识点二 诱变育种5．下列几种育种方法，能改变原有基因的分子结构的是() A．杂交育种B．诱变育种C．单倍体育种D．多倍体育种6．不属于诱变育种特点的是() A．具有不定向性B．频率较高C．多数有害D．多数有利7．诱变育种一般不使用以下哪项作为诱变因素()A．X射线B．硫酸二乙酯C．亚硝酸D．抗生素8．下列不属于诱变育种实例的是() A．一定剂量的γ射线引起变异获得新品种B．X射线处理得到高产青霉素菌株C．激光照射获得动植物新类型D．人工种植的马铃薯块茎逐年变小能力提升9．可获得无子西瓜、青霉素高产菌株、矮秆抗病小麦和无子番茄的方法分别是()①诱变育种②杂交育种③单倍体育种④多倍体育种⑤生长素处理A．⑤①②④B．④①②⑤C．②①③⑤D．④①③②10．育种工作者从纯“南特号”品种的稻田中偶然发现一株矮稻，并由此培育出“矮秆南特号”新品种。

精选高中古诗词阅读鉴赏步步高(全)答案解析共50题1．阅读下面这首唐诗，完成下面小题。

田家行王建男声欣欣女颜悦，人家不怨言语别。

五月虽热麦风清，檐头索索缲车鸣。

野蚕作茧人不取，叶间扑扑秋蛾生。

麦收上场绢在轴，的知①输得官家足。

不望入口复上身，且免向城卖黄犊。

田家衣食无厚薄，不见县门身即乐。

（注）①的知：确切知道。

1．下列对这首诗的理解和赏析，不恰当的一项是（）A．首句运用互文的手法，写出了村子里的男男女女喜乐自得的样子。

他们因为丰收，平日的愁怨一洗而空，连话语的音调也与平常不同。

B．三、四两句描绘了一幅“檐下缫丝图”，叠词“索索”写出了一派忙碌的场景。

织妇因喜悦，虽面对五月艳阳，仍觉麦香中的热风清凉宜人。

C．七、八两句写村民们拿辛勤劳动所得的粮食、绢匹交租，因丰收而足够应付官家，村民们的这种喜悦心情契合全诗的感情基调。

D．此诗直陈其事，全诗语言朴素自然，不事雕饰，立意精巧，凝炼精警，于平易中见深刻，是乐府诗中的佳作。

2．简析本诗最后四句的内容及其传达出的思想感情？【答案】1．C2．①最后四句写村民们不奢望吃饱穿暖，只求保住耕牛，不被抓进衙门就高兴了。

②寄寓了作者对淳朴善良的村民们悲苦命运的深切同情，③深刻揭露了统治阶级对百姓的无情剥削。

【分析】1．本题考查学生对诗歌的形象、语言、表达技巧和思想感情的把握能力。

C.“契合全诗的感情基调”是错误的。

七、八句描写丰收的场面，和诗歌“悲苦”的情感不一致。

故选C。

2．本题考查学生评价诗歌思想内容和情感的能力。

诗歌最后四句的意思是：在这丰收的年景里，他们并不指望打下的粮食自己吃，织好的绢自己穿，只指望能免除到城里卖黄犊，以缴纳官府的横敛就行了。

乡民们说自家并不计较是否吃得好穿得好，认为只要不进县衙门吃官司那就是最大的幸福了。

通过“卖黄犊”“身即乐”可知，淳朴善良的村民们的命运非常的悲惨，从而表达了作者对淳朴善良的村民们悲苦命运的深切同情。

同时通过“输得官家足”可知，百姓们虽然获得丰收，但是要应付官家，所以也深刻揭露了统治阶级对百姓的无情剥削。

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版必修第二册——选择性必修第四册进阶写作答案精析进阶写作答案第一章应用文写作一、实战演练Dear Glen，I am Li Hua, monitor of Class 1, Senior 3. I am writing to invite you to join us to climb a mountain next Friday，which is the Double Ninth Festival.Mountain climbing serves as a traditional activity on that day.Standing on the top of the mountain，we can enjoy broader horizons.We will gather at the school gate at 4：00 p．m.on that day.The school bus will take us to the Qingyun Mountain.Bottled water and snacks will be offered.And there are stone steps up to the mountaintop，so it won’t be so challenging and tiring.We would appreciate it if you could join us.Yours sincerely，Li Hua 二、实战演练Dear Sir or Madam，I have read your advertisement for a junior reporter at the “Campus V oice” section in the English school newspaper and I show great interest in it.I feel quite qualified for the position so I am writing to apply for it.I have been learning English for more than 10 years with a good command of oral and written English，which enables me to communicate with others fluently.Moreover，not only am I good at researching and presenting information in a compelling and informative way but I am also experienced in interviewing and st but not least，I’m outgoing as well as warm­hearted，which makes me get along well with others.If given the chance，I plan to fully utilize my skills and work diligently to contribute to the “Campus V oice” section.I am looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely，Li Hua 三、实战演练Dear Mr Smith，I’m glad to provide you with some suggestions on your upcoming trip to Beijing during the Mid­Autumn Festival.Beijing，as the capital of China，offers a rich cultural experience.The Palace Museum showcases Chinese history.The Tian’anmen Square is a symbol of China.The Great Wall offers breathtaking views.You can also explore hutongs(traditional alleyways) to experience traditional Chinese culture.As for fine food，you can try Beijing Roast Duck，Zhajiangmian and Bingtanghulu.By the way，use the subways，buses or taxis to get around.Renting a bike or using shared bicycles is also convenient.I hope these suggestions will be helpful.Enjoy your trip to Beijing during the Mid­Autumn Festival!Yours sincerely，Li Hua 四、实战演练Dear Anne，I’m writing to convey my sincere appreciation for your kind help and care during my stay in London，without which I wouldn’t have enjoyed it so much.During the week，the comfortable room，delicious meals and especially your friendly family members all made me feel at home，leaving me lasting memories.Moreover，guided by you，I was honored to have a chance to visit those tourist attractions in London and be exposed to such an amazing culture as well as beautiful scenery.It was your generous help that enabled me to have a better understanding of your country and culture.Thanks again for your kind help and I will be more than pleased if I have the opportunity to repay your kindness by showing you around Beijing.Yours，Li Hua 五、实战演练Dear Wilson，How’s everything with you? I’m excessively sorry to tell you that I can’t attend your lecture concerning Internet Plus.I’m writing you this letter of apology to show my deep regret.The reason for my being absent is that my mother is seriously ill，so I will take her to hospital tomorrow since my father is on a business trip for an urgent matter.I will care for my mother.To be frank，I am extremely interested in the topic of Internet Plus.Therefore，it is really a pity that I will miss it.I wonder if there are any relevant materials of the lecture.If so，I can learn it by myself when it’s convenient.I want to extend my apology to you once again.I hope it won’t cause you much trouble.I sincerely hope you can understand my situation/think in my position and accept my apology.Yours，Li Hua 六、实战演练Dear Mr Green，How is everything going? I am writing in sincerity to ask you a favor regarding a play we adapted for the upcoming English Evening.The play is based on the story of Hua Mulan who，after disguising herself as a man，joined the army instead of her father in the Northern Wei Dynasty.To us，however，the adaption of such an epic is quite challenging and we don’t want anything inappropriate to spoil the play.So would you please spare some time to revise the draft script attached to this email? If possible，may I pay you a visit at your office next Tuesday to give you more details?Any of your professional advice would be highly appreciated.Best wishes.Yours truly，Li Hua 七、实战演练Dear Michael，Learning that a study trip will be held，I’d like to recommend a wonderful destination：Nanjing.Here are the reasons.As an ancient capital of six dynasties and a modern city with high­quality development，Nanjing has much to provide for a study trip.For example，the grand museums and solemn monuments will undoubtedly educate us students not to forget history and motivate us to cherish the present.Meanwhile，efficient and convenient transportation adds attraction and vitality to this charming city.A study trip to Nanjing promises to be fruitful!Yours，Li Hua 八、实战演练Dear Li Jin，I’m going to study Chinese in Tianjin this summer vacation.I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding relevant courses in your school.First of all，I want to know how many students there will be in each class and if the courses focus on listening and speaking practice.Besides，I wonder whether I’ll have the opportunity to communicate with Chinese students，which will surely be a good chance for me to learn more aboutChina.At last，I would be grateful if you could tell me whether accommodations are included.I’m looking forward to your early response.Yours faithfully，Chris 九、实战演练Dear Terry，I’m glad to know you desire to be a volunteer of the Sunshine V olunteer Club.As a member，I do think it is worthwhile to be engaged in voluntary work.I’m writing to share with you the details concerning it.A wide variety of regular activities are scheduled on a weekly basis，such as visiting the nursing home and organizing events to raise people’s awareness of environmental st weekend we collected books for the children in remote areas who have little access to them.We make great efforts to spread warmth and care，and it does pay off.Once you decide，please fill in the attached application form and send it to me.Eagerly looking forward to your participation.Yours，Li Hua 十、实战演练Dear Australian friends，On behalf of our school，I feel greatly privileged to convey warm welcome to you.We are delighted to have you with us.To make your stay here memorable，various activities will be arranged to enhance our mutual understanding and experience different culture.As planned，we will hold a talent show where everyone can show their outstanding performances.Classes on traditional Chinese culture are also scheduled，such as paper­cutting，Chinese opera，calligraphy，etc.，followed by a gift­exchanging activity.Additionally，you’re invited to pay a visit to surrounding tourist attractions.I sincerely hope that you can enjoy yourselves and wish you a pleasant journey.Thank you!Yours，Li Hua 十一、实战演练NOTICETo promote our traditional Chinese culture，“Tang Suit Design Contest” will be held in the school hall next Friday.Every participant is allowed to hand in only one entry，which must be designed on your own.Besides，each piece is required to be displayed with a brief introduction of your designphilosophy.All entries will be submitted to the Students’ Council before next Tuesday.Those that stand out as the top ten will be awarded.Pictures of the winners’works will be posted on our school website.Every student studying in the International Department is welcome to take part in the competition.The Students’ Council十二、实战演练World Environment Day on CampusJune 5th,2023 marked the 50th anniversary of World Environment Day，with the slogan “Beat Plastic Pollution”．In honor of this occasion，our school organized various activities to sensitize students about the urgent need to combat plastic pollution and promote sustainable practices.The event started with an engaging presentation by environmental experts，who highlighted the detrimental impact of plastic and emphasized the importance of reducing，reusing，and recycling plastic.Then a plastic collection drive was held so as to encourage everyone to bring in their plastic waste for proper disposal.Additionally，students participated in a poster­making competition，creating thought­provoking artworks that showcased the importance of sustainable alternatives.The response to these activities was overwhelming.It is through such collective efforts that we can hope to “Beat Plastic Pollution”and create a cleaner，healthier environment for future generations.English Club 十三、实战演练Last week，I participated in our school sports meeting，competing in the 400­meter race—a thrilling and unforgettable experience.On hearing the sharp whistle，I dashed out，the wind rushing against my face and the crowd’s cheers echoing around me.My attempts to match the pace of fellow runners proved challenging，but I did not give up.I pushed myself to the limit and crossed the finishing line with all my strength.I was glad that I took part in the sports meeting，which not only pushed my limits but also made me realize the importance of persistence.十四、实战演练Dear schoolmates，V olunteering is playing a crucial role in students’ overall development.With the approach of winter vacation, it’s high time that we took up volunteering.A willing heart to volunteer provides us with massive benefits.V olunteering not only makes us feel connected with the community but also is beneficial to our well­being.Blessed with a sense ofpurpose in life，we are offered an amazing opportunity to learn valuable skills.There are different ways of serving people，ranging from volunteering at children’s home or libraries to virtual volunteering，such as helping pupils with schoolwork online.Why not throw ourselves into volunteering? It makes us a better person and creates a better world.Yours sincerely，Li Hua 十五、实战演练The Person I Admire MostWhen it comes to the person I admire most，I can’t help thinking of Fan Jinshi who is an archaeologist and a guard of Dunhuang.After graduating from Peking University，Fan Jinshi chose to work in Mogao Caves，Dunhuang.Although the living environment was terrible，she was deeply attracted by the works of art and desired to protect them for the future generations.She and her team overcame difficulties，explored scientific concepts and built a “digital Dunhuang”，which has balanced the relationship between cultural relics protection and tourism.Fan Jinshi is called the daughter of Dunhuang.She deserves the respect of all at home and abroad.第二章读后续写第2节技法指导技法三A few weeks later，when I almost forgot the contest，there came the news.To everyone’s surprise，I，an immigrant，won first place in the writing contest.Hearing the good news，I felt a sense of joy surging through me.I leapt into the air and shouted out loud，“I made it！”During the award presentation ceremony，I was invited to deliver a speech.Patiently and confidently，I told the audience how I once didn’t love writing and now enjoyed writing and how I realized the value of perseverance with the help of my teacher.I went to my teacher’s office after the award presentation.With the trophy in hand，I entered the office.My teacher rose from the seat and came up to me.“Congratulations！” he said，slapping me on the back.He grinned from ear to ear as I showed him the trophy.“I owe my success to you，” I said sincerely.“Without your encouragement and belief，I wouldn’t have succeeded.”He laughed，his eyes shining with excitement.“I knew you had it in you.I’m proud of you for notgiving up.” Whenever looking back on this incident，I feel extremely grateful to him.It was my social studies teacher who encouraged me to realize my potential and thus changed the course of my life.技法四实战演练Ⅰ.1.Relieved，Jenny told the truth to everyone.2．Feeling scared and helpless，Jane sat beside a tree and held her shoulders in her arms to make herself warm.3．They hugged and kissed with tears rolling/pouring/streaming down their cheeks. 4．“I...I don’t know，” he stammered, his voice trembling with fear.5．If she had not quarreled with Tom, they would have enjoyed a great time near the lake. 6．Mother hugged the twins tightly，whose faces were glowing with excitement.7．Since he continued speaking about wanting to share his paintings with the world, I knew what had to be done.8．I thanked him，saying that not only did he mend my shirt with his craftsmanship but he also repaired my dream with sportsmanship.9．It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.10．A cold feeling crept over his heart and made him shiver.11．Drowned in happiness，Jimmy dashed out of the school gate like a free bird.12．Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up.Ⅱ.But Molly insisted that they should wait and keep the book.She didn’t place the illustrated book on the bookshelf，hoping Rick would show up soon.A kid might make all kinds of promises and fail to keep them.But Rick was so sincere and eager that Molly believed he wouldn’t break his promise.A kid’s promise is more valuable than the cost of the book.The book would rest in the drawer still until Rick showed up.Then on one sunny morning，Molly found a little boy running all the way towards her bookstore holding something.The little boy was exactly Rick.Rick pushed the door open and rushed to the counter holding his money box.Molly excitedly pulled the drawer open，took out the illustrated book and walked out from the counter immediately.She knelt with one leg and smiled at Rick，handing the book to Rick.Rick’s eyes were shining looking at the book，and he put the box on the floor and held the book.“I think you guys had better make your deal here at the coffee table，”said Rex.Molly winked at him delightedly.The sunlight came through the glass window and cast on the little customer and the nice lady.第3节语料素材一、实战演练1．Her face lit up with happiness as she received the presents prepared by the children.2．They jumped to their feet at the news, with their eyes filled with joy.Hearing the news, they jumped to their feet with joy in their eyes.3．Overwhelmed with gratitude, I couldn’t say a word.4．I was so deeply moved that tears welled up in my eyes.5．Hearing the news that his father passed away, his eyes welled up with tears.6．She got lost and it began to rain, a deep sense of despair overwhelming her.7．Her face turning pale, she stood there, tongue­tied.8．My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.9．At the thought of the frightening bear, a sense of fear welled up in him.10．He was half dead with fear when he found he was surrounded by wolves.实战演练1．Having known others’ attitude, he shook/trembled with anger, holding his clothes firmly. 2．Filled with anger, Mike was unable to speak a word.3．I was about to explode and waved my fist at him.4．I was ashamed of my bad performance in the contest.5．I stared at him in shock, with a small sound of disappointment escaping my throat.6．What surprised me was that there was a path here.7．A look of surprise crossed her face but she soon calmed down.8．Uncontrollably, a wave of regret washed over me as I heard the bad news.9．If only I had not left the farm alone!10．If I had followed his advice, we would be having fun together.二、实战演练Ⅰ.1.She jumped up，dashed forward and hugged the boy tightly.2．Standing beside the empty road，they looked up into the sky, feeling the precious peace. 3．As night was beginning to fall, Jane sat on the grass, staring at the vast sky, frightened and hungry.4．With a bunch of flowers in her hands，Mindy stood beside the sea and looked down at the flowers with a smile，wondering what to do tomorrow.5．She crept along the path，bent over swiftly and cupped her hands around the butterfly gently. 6．With her heart beating wildly，the innocent girl，held by her mom and screaming withexcitement，unwrapped her delicate gift box which she had been looking forward to without any hesitation.7．Every one of us on the bus looked on and laughed crazily.Ryan struggled to his feet，dusted the jacket and made his way to an empty seat.8．Looking straight into my eyes，Mike stroked my hair, whispering，“You are the most beautiful girl I’ve ever met.”Ⅱ.1.the twins got up early, tiptoed to the kitchen and scooped some flour out of the bag their father slid into the kitchen，patting the twins’ shoulders and comforting them in a soft voice they carried the breakfast，advanced upstairs and woke up their mother2．I signaled to him with a thumbs­up, feeling proud of him He smiled, took a deep breath and got ready for the race，eyes brimming with determination every runner shot like an arrow三、实战演练1．The gentle breeze stroked his head，as if comforting all his tiredness.2．I closed my eyes and daydreamed in the speeding car.Winding rivers, lofty mountains, deep alleys and sunny beaches held me entirely in their fascination.3．The sun looked at her with a glowing smile and the flowers nodded merrily towards her. 4．The wind was howling dreadfully and the rain was pouring from the heaven，whipping against the branches of lined trees.5．On the day back to school，dark clouds hung low in the sky.The rain poured down，with cold drops and angry winds slapping my face.I was drowned in floods of warm tears and freezing rain.四、实战演练1．Festivals let us enjoy life，be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while. 2．The precious tricycle not only helped me through that tough period，but also carried Father’s love forward into the far，far future.3．Seeing the paper bag，I felt as if it had been reminding me that I should pass on the kindness that the Mexican family offered me every time I meet someone in need.4．No matter how ordinary a job is，it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our respect. 5．Cold as the rain was，great warmth filled his heart like never before.6．It dawned on me that we should always be an honest person whatever situations we are in.7．I am firmly convinced that the slight power of every person can make our country more prosperous.8．All the students came to realize that everyone wants and deserves to be treated with respect，dignity and warmth.9．It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do that benefits our work most.10．The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps，but a voluntary contribution towards the people who really need it in their lives.第4节分类集训一、When my Monday came，I again took the bus to KMTV alone and waited.Everything was familiar this time.But hearing the musical sounds and applause from time to time，I felt my heart was pounding with excitement and nervousness.Eventually，it was my turn.Taking a deep breath，I calmed down.Confident，I went to the piano and began to play.Easy，so easy! Fun almost...right up to the coda at the end.I suddenly realized I should not be at the end! My heart jumped to my mouth.I had skipped a part.A huge part.How did that happen?Somehow my brain went to work and I continued playing.I tried to smile at the camera and played the rest smoothly as if no skipping had happened.After what seemed an eternity，I stopped playing.However，it turned out that my performance had probably lasted barely a minute.Surely the result was as expected—I wasn’t the winner.On my way home，I surprised myself by feeling more relieved than disappointed.I could not pretend that my performance was best.In truth，the other three were far superior.When I came back home to talk about “The Big Skip”，Daddy smiled，“It may not have been noticed by someone who doesn’t know Schubert’s ‘Ave Maria’．Your movement was smooth.You didn’t fall apart.All in all，a worthwhile experience.”二、No sooner had I picked up my phone than Lisa called me.“Belle，how is it going? Do you still need my help？” Lisa asked.“Thanks，Lisa.Everything is OK.And I’d like to tell you about it，” I said.I told her exactly what had happened，and specifically described how I had solved the problem.Lisa praised me for my quick wit.Then I asked her to teach me German in case I needed it later.She promised.By the end of the holiday，I could have already communicated with her in some simple German words.So I was ready for the new term with confidence.When the German teacher entered the classroom in the new term，I felt I’d seen her somewhere before.What amazed me was that she came over to me，saying，“Glad to see you again！I’m Florence.” I was surprised to find that she was the daughter of the lady that I had helped during the holiday.What a fantastic fate! As our new foreign teacher，Florence was patient and considerate.We all respected her and took every lesson seriously.I even made friends with her mother，so I had more opportunities to practise speaking German.I was resolved to visit Germany the next summer holiday.三、Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself.Giving it? Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all，it was my most precious treasure，which I had been proud of.My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away.Nope! I shook my head determinedly.Glancing at mymother’s expectant eyes，I couldn’t help sobbing.Keeping it? Definitely，it would otherwise upset Alex.Torn between the two tough choices，I was totally at a loss.Nevertheless，deep down，I could feel my affection for Alex.Yep! I resolved to do the right thing.In the moment of parting，my model car went with Alex.Though I was crushed to see it go，my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it.Seeing the thumbs­up from my mother and sister，I did swell with relief，pride and joy，for I knew it was not a gift；to some extent，it was our concern and love for him.Plus，sharing the model car also strengthened our bond，which，I was fully convinced，would always uplift him.An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well.四、Then came the final testing day.The whole class gathered in the science classroom，watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self­made robotic hand onto Sergio’s right arm.It fitted quite well! So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly.Having put a baseball on the desk，Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up.Slowly，Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball.Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers! Holding the ball，Sergio couldn’t contain his tears.Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!The life­changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news.When interviewed about the intention of the project，Jeff said，“I intended Sergio’s robotic hand to show our support for him.Meanwhile，I hope to foster students’ scientific spirit through this hands­on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality，from which they benefited greatly.Soon voluntary donations poured in，which would go to the school’s scientific research and help students develop better.五、Ruby walked over to my mother，we girls holding our breath.We waited to see who would shout first and what terrible things would be said.“We are sorry about the flowers.The girls will fix them and help weed the roses，” said Mom.My sisters and I looked at each other in horror，but Ruby smiled through her tears.“I know we’re particular about these roses，but they’re very special because they remind me of my mother.”Soon both women were down on their knees examining the damaged bushes together.A few weeks later，the plants all came back to life.My mother and Ruby worked together on the roses all summer and many summers to follow.So did my sisters and I．A friendship was formed between the families.Ruby became part of our family，spending many happy hours at our house，especially during countless birthdays，graduations and weddings.And the rose fence wasn’t a fence any longer.My mother had turned it into a bridge.六、Suddenly，I remembered the door to the basement.I dashed to the door and opened it withoutany hesitation.There she sat on the top step，quiet as a mouse，head down，ears hanging down.She had been following me，as she always did，and I had casually closed the door on her.So she had to wait quietly for me to find her.I don’t know whether she assumed that she was being punished，but it was clear that she was hurt，for she behaved differently this time.I held her in my arms tightly，telling her how sorry I was.I touched her head and rubbed her belly gently，telling her that she was not making trouble.She let me hold her for exactly one minute and then suddenly ran off，returning with a toy for me to throw.At that very moment，Dottie taught me a valuable lesson：Forgive quickly because forgiveness is to light a lamp not just for others but also for ourselves.Life is short.There is so much love to offer and receive and so many toys to chase.。

化学选修一答案解析步步高1．下列说法正确的是A．金属腐蚀就是金属原子失去电子被还原的过程B．合金都比纯金属易被腐蚀C．将金属与外加直流电源的正极相连，而将负极接到废铁上，可以防止金属被腐蚀D．镀锌铁比镀锡铁更不容易被腐蚀答案：D【详解】A．金属腐蚀就是金属原子失去电子被氧化的过程，故A错误；B．选项：合金不一定比纯金属易被腐蚀，如不锈钢改变了金属的内部结构，比纯铁耐腐蚀，故B错误；C．选项：将金属与外加直流电源的负极相连，则该金属作阴极，而将正极接到废铁上，废铁作阳极，作阴极的金属被保护，可以防止金属被腐蚀。

金属直接与电源正极相连，该金属做阳极，直接发生氧化反应被腐蚀，故C错误；D．金属活泼性 Zn>Fe>Sn，原电池中活泼金属易被腐蚀，则镀锌铁片比镀锡铁片更不容易被腐蚀，故D错误；故选D 。

2．如图所示，甲池的总反应式为2CH3OH+3O2+4KOH= =2K2CO3+6H2O。

下列说法正确的是A．甲池是电能转化为化学能的装置，乙、丙池是化学能转化电能的装置B．甲池通入CH3OH的电极反应为CH3OH- 6e-+ 2H2O=+ 8H+ C．甲池中消耗560 mL(标准状况下) O2，此时乙池中银极增重3.2g D．反应一段时间后，向丙池中加入一定量盐酸，一定能使MgCl2溶液恢复到原浓度答案：C解析：甲池中能发生自发的氧化还原反应，属于原电池，通入甲醇的一极为负极，通入氧气的一极为正极，则石墨为阳极，Ag为阴极，左侧的Pt为阳极，右侧的Pt为阴极。

【详解】A．甲池中能发生自发的氧化还原反应，属于原电池，乙池和丙池属于电解池，故A错误；B．在燃料电池中，负极是甲醇发生失电子的氧化反应，在碱性电解质下的电极反应为CH3OH-6e-+2H2O+8OH-=+8H2O，故B错误；C．甲池中消耗560mL(标准状况下)O2，氧气的物质的量为0.025mol，则转移电子0.1mol，根据转移电子守恒知，乙池中Ag电极生成0.05molCu，则Cu的质量=0.05mol×64g/mol=3.2g，故C正确；D．电解池丙池中，电解后生成氢氧化镁、氢气和氯气，要想复原，要加入HCl，加盐酸会增大水的量，故D错误。