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专题九定语从句考点精讲考点一关系词的用法关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who 指人的词主语、宾语、表语whom 指人的词宾语whose 指人或物的词定语that 指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which 指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语as 指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语、表语when 表示时间的名词时间状语where 表示地点的名词地点状语why 表示原因的名词reason 原因状语有些在语言学习上很有成就的人，在其他领域常常一无所成。
I have many friends to whom I'm going to send postcards．我有很多朋友，我打算寄明信片给他们。
Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly．很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
He will tell you everything that he heard about it．他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。
This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year．这就是我们去年参观的那家工厂。
As we know，smoking is harmful to one's health．众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
There are occasions when(＝on which)one must yield．任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where(＝in which) I was born．北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why(＝for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？特别提示： whose指人或物，作定语。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(九) 动词的非谓语形式考点一过去分词作状语1．过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，说明谓语动词的动作或状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况；其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，过去分词与主语之间存在被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.(这里give与句子的主语these teenage soccer players之间存在被动关系)给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。
[考题印证]—Can you introduce me a high quality machine?—My pleasure. ________(handle) well even on wet roads, this kind of car is very popular.解析：句意：——你能给我介绍一款高性能的机器吗？——我很乐意。
因为这款车即使在潮湿的道路上也能运行很好，所以很受欢迎。
handle和this kind of car是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用handle的ed形式。
答案：Handled2．某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词，只表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)等，不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
Dressed in red, she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。
第三部分阅读理解挖命题【考情探究】卷名年份篇目体裁题材话题题型趋势统计细节理解主旨要义推理判断词义猜测浙江2018.11A 说明文社会文化伦敦出租车司机3 1 5 1B 说明文社会文化美国暑假C 记叙文社会文化假期读书2018.06A 记叙文人物与文学英国小说的发展史及狄更斯5 1 3 1B 文化文社会生活一次性塑料袋的利弊C 说明文生活与科技美国汽车工业的发展及其对美国社会的影响2017.11A 记叙文人物介绍帮助失去丈夫的邻居4 1 4 1B 说明文人际关系着装影响认知表现C 说明文人际关系节约能源2017.06A 记叙文广告类本杰明小时候学画的经历5 1 4 0B 说明文人物故事美国青少年睡眠习惯及问题C 说明文人物介绍意大利对外来移民进行语言测试及人们的观点2016.10 A 记叙文健康生活卡特冒着生命危险挽救了一列火车4 6B 说明文自然与环境宾馆为了环保鼓励客人骑自行车发电C 说明文社会生活员工在家工作情况调查报告合计21 4 22 3分析解读 1.高考改革试验区英语试卷从开考到2018年11月共考试5次。
试卷结构整体稳定。
难度每年稳中有升。
2.试卷中文章的选材比较广泛,但基本贴近日常生活,尤其是学生的生活。
3.文章体裁说明文居多,其次是记叙文,议论文较少。
没有涉及非延续性文本和应用文。
4.设题的角度比较稳定,其中细节理解题和推理判断题占据80%以上,而两种题各占一半。
但每年一般都会涉及主旨要义题和词义猜测题。
试卷有逐渐向综合性的推理题集中的趋向。
5.未来的考卷取材将会更为广泛,但是会在英语课程主题语境的范围内。
文章内容会贴近日常生活,尤其是学生的生活。
文章的特点将越来越地道,并会更多地涉及英语社会的文化。
因此,考生在学习的过程中,要注意突破课本的限制,争取接触和了解更多的英语本土文化。
6.未来高考阅读理解可能还会以说明文为主,记叙文、议论文为辅为命题原则;设题以考查细节理解、推理判断为主,以主旨要义、词义猜测为辅。
高考英语专题综合检测（九）1、More than great drinks, great rewardsEnjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!Whenever you pay with your membership account, you’ll earn a Star.Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.Three ways to join usBuy a Starbucks Card handy to create an accountTrack your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we’ll send an email when you’ve earned a reward.You can also join from your phone.Download the Starbucks ®App.One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to:pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTune ® Pick of the Week; see current offers.Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.Enter your Star code (limit 2 per day).Look for the Star code symbol on specially marked Starbucks ® products where you buy groceries.Three levels with increasingly greater rewardsTo reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember, to earn a Star you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)Welcome levelTo earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.Birthday drink or treat on us; birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at .Green levelCollect 5 Stars within 12 months and you’ll be in the Green level.What is included in the Welcome level plus?Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or teaGold levelCollect 30 Stars within 12 mo nths and you’re at the Gold level.What is included in the Green level plus?A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earnedPersonalized Gold Card1.Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?A.To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks® products.B.To buy a Starbucks Card over the phone.C.To update the Starbucks® App from the official website.D.To buy a drink at a Starbucks on weekends.2.With the Starbucks® App, you can _______.A.change the pricesB.earn a StarC.pay for rewardsD.view current offers3.With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get _______.A.a free cakeB.personalized Green CardC.free in-store refillsD.all purchases 15% off2、Every day, we are moving closer to some kind of artificial intelligence(人工智能). Progress in big data, machine learning and robotics are going to give us a world where computers are effectively intelligent in terms of how we deal with them. Should you be scared by this? Absolutely, but not in the usual “robot overlords” (机器人帝国) kind of way. Instead, the real fear should be about getting human beings wrong, not getting AI right.The key to the technology is the ability of computers to recognize human emotions based on the ‘‘activation” of muscles in the fa ce. A computer can identify the positions of facial muscles and use them to infer the emotional state of its user. Then the machine responds in ways that take that emotional state into account.One potential application of it is to provide “emotional robots” for the elderly. Having a machine that could speak in a kind way would comfort a lonely older person. That is a good thing,right? But that won’t also relieve us from questioning how we ended up in a society that takes care of the elderly because we don’t know what else to do with them? Can’t we have more humane solutions than robots?“Emotion data” aren’t the same thing as the real and vivid emotional experiences we human beings have. Our emotions are more than our faces or voices. How can they be pulled out like a thread, one by one, from the fabric(组织) of our being?Research programs can come with much philosophical(哲学的) concern, too. From the computers’ point of view, what the computing technology captures are emotions, but at its root is a reduction of human experience whose outward expressions can be captured algorithmically (计算上). As the technology is used in the world, it can reframe the world in ways that can be hard to escape from.The technology will clearly have useful applications, but once it treats emotions as data, we may find that it is the only aspect of emotion we come to recognize or value. Once billions of dollars floods into this field, we will find ourselves trapped in a technology that is reducing our lives. Even wors e, our “emotion data” will be used against us to make money for someone else. And that is what scares me about AI.1.Why does the author feel scared of the development of artificial intelligence?A.The technology is developing much too slowly.puters can’t recognize human emotions.C.Robots would get control of human beings.D.People may use artificial intelligence improperly.2.Why does the author dislike the idea of providing “emotional robots” for the elderly?A.The aged people will find it hard to live with them.B.What elderly people need is much more than that.C.It cani relieve us of the pressure in modem society.D.It's impossible to use them to keep the elderly healthy.3.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraphs 4 and 5?A.Emotional data can’t be equal to human emotions.B.AI technology itself has fewer and fewer faults.C.AI-built-in robots won't have the ability to understand human beings.D.The information computers get can reframe human emotions.4.How does the author think about "emotion data'' according to the last paragraph?A.It can arouse people's sense of value.B.It can improve people’s human experience.C.It may be misused as a tool to make profits.D.It may push the AI technology forward.3、There are thousands of products of all colors and shapes in a supermarket, making you believe that they are worth a try. How? Packaging is the silent but persuading salesman .There on the shelves, each bottle, can, box, and jar has been carefully designed and measured to speak to the inner self of the consumer, so that is buying not only a product but also his belief in life. Scientists have studied consumer behavior recently and found that the look of the package has a great effect on the “quality” of the product and on how well it sells, because “Consumers generally cannot tell between a product and its package. Many products are packages and many packages are products,” as Louis Cheskin, the first social scientist studying consumers’ feeling for packaging, noticed.Colors are one of the best tools in packaging. Studies of eye movement have shown that colors draw human attention quickly. Take V8 for example. For many years, the bright red color of tomatoes and carrots on the thin bottle makes you feel that it is very good for your body. And the word “green” today can keep food prices going up.我Shapes are another attraction. Circles often suggest happiness and peacefulness, because these shapes are pleasing to both the eye and the heart. That’s why the round yellow M signs of McDonald’s are inviting to both young and old. This new consumer response (反应) to the colors and shapes of packages reminds producers and sellers that people buy to satisfy both body and soul.1.According to the passage, ________ seems to be able to persuade a consumer to buy the product.A.the pleasing color of the packageB.the special taste of the productC.the strange shape of the packageD.the belief in the product2.If a package or a product is round in shape, it can ________.A.bring excitement to the consumersB.attract the consumers’ attentionC.catch the eye movement of the consumersD.produce a happy and peaceful feeling3.“And the word ‘green’ today can keep food prices going up.” This sentence suggests that consumers today are ________.A.starting to notice the importance of new foodB.enjoying the beauty of nature more than beforeC.beginning to like green vegetablesD.paying more attention to their health4.It can be inferred from the passage that V8 is a kind of ________.A.vegetable dishB.healthy juiceC.iced drinkD.red vegetable4、The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption help s reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stat ed,“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”1.What is the people’s attitude towards the effects of coffee on health accordi ng to Paragraph 1?A.Disapproving.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Mixed.2.What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Personal.B.Slight.C.Reasonable.D.Heavy.3.What can we infer about Harwood?A.He’ll keep on drinking coffee.B.He loves his high school life.C.He often falls asleep in class.D.He has some health problems.4.What would be the best title for the text?A.Why People Love Coffee?B.How Coffee Affects Health?C.The Culture of Coffee DrinkingD.The New Findings of Heart Disease5、EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years.① Today,people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and you're showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect.②There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature.③ Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have highself-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness,anxiety,and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers.④“Academics are important. But if you don’t have emotional (情感的)intelligence,you won’t be as successful in work or in your love life,” she says.What’s the best way to up your EQ (情商)? For starters,let down your guard and really listen to others.⑤To really deve lop empathy,you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership,have a “sharing circle” with your family,or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter.A. Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B. That could be because so many people have replaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.C. “One doesn’t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,”Freed says.D. Humans learn by example —and most of the examples on it are anything but empathetic.E. Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.F. Good social skills—including empathy—are a kind of “emotional intelligence” that will help you succeed in many areas of life.G. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human —and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.6、阅读下面的短文,然后从文章后面所给的各个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
