2007年硕士生入学考试专业课试题下载英语科目代码：211 请在答题纸（本）上做题，在此试卷可草稿纸上做题无效！山东科技大学2007年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试英语（单）试卷Part 1 Reading Comprehension (40%)Questions 1 to 5 are baded on the following passage.The common cold is the world?s most widespread illness, which probably why there are more myths a-bout it than any of the other plagues that flesh is heir to.The most widespread fallacy(谬误)of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passage on from person to person. Y ou catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them permanently. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕),cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.In the Second War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitxz concntration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they submit-ted to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bath-ing suits, allowedthemselves to be wet with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others excised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more prevalent in the winter? Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay togeher indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.No one yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片)such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.1. According to the passage, there are more myths about the common cold than any other human disease because .(A)it spreads very quickly(B)it is the most widespread illness(C)the climate of the world is getting colder and colder(D)few people can catch colds2. We learn from the passage that .(A) the Eskimos do not suffer from colds at all(B) colds are caused by cod(c) people suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors(D) a person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one3. Artic explorers may catch colds when .(A) they are working in he isolated arctic regions(B) they are writing reports in terribly cold weather(C) they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions(D) they are coming into contact with the outside world4. During the First World War, soldiers who spent long periods in cold and wet trenches .(A) often caught colds(B) never caught colds(C) did not show increased tendency to catch colds(D) seldom caught colds5. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The experiments on the common cold.(B) The myths about the common cold.(C) An explanation of the reason and the way people catch colds.(D) The continued spread of common colds.Questious 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Much attention is presently being given to what is termed “fouctional illteracy”, this should not be con-fused with the problem of illiteracy, that is, the inability to read and write. Current United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) figures indicate that 99 percent of all Americans are literate, the same figure asigned to nations such as Britain, Germany. Functional illiteeacy, by contrast, is concemed with how much difficulty people have in actually using and writing skills in everyday situations. This might be interpreted, for example, as the relative ablity to understand federal income tax forms, or printed instructions, or how well someone can write a letter of complaint, or apply for a joy in writing.There are no agreed-upon definitions of what functional illiteracy is and, in practice, definitions vary wide-ly. For manyyears, reading tests have been used throughout the country which define reading ability by grade level. “Tenth-grade reading level”, for instance, would be the average reading score of all pupils who have completed ten years of school. There are, of course, many different reading tests. One defini-tion of functional illitracy holds that anyone is “illitterate”who reads at less than an eighth-grade level. Another common definition uses a twelfth-grade level(the last year of high school in the U.S.).There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are fouctionally illiterate in English to some degiee. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U.S.).There seems to be general agreement that at least one-tenth of all Americans are fouctionlly illiterate in English to some degree. It is also hardly surprising that those nations which (like the U.S.) have paid mast at-tention to this concept, and which have nation wide tesing, have found the greatest problems. As one educator humorously put it, “Reading tests cause illiteracy”. Canada, for example, which also has a large non-English speaking immigrant popultion, has recently found that manyof her citiziens, too, are functionally illierate. The attention given to this problem, therefore, therefore, reflects the fact that in North America schools as well as pupil sare continually tested.6. According to the passage, “fouctional illiteracy” is .(A) the ability to read and write(B) the inability to read and write(C) the relative ability to read and write in everyday situations(D) the inability to read and write in everyday situations7. What is the definition of fouctional illiteracy?(A) It refers to anyone who reads at less than eighth-grade level(B) It refers to anyone who reads at less than twelfth-grade level(C) It refers to anyone who reads at less than tenth-grde level(D) There is no clear definition8. It can be learned from the passage that .(A) Canada and the U.S. have fouctionally illiterate population because they hardly paid any attention to the problem(B) fouctional illiteracy may have been caused at least in part by unsuccessful design of reading tests(C) non-Enish speaking immigrant population constitute the majority of all the fouctionally illiterate(D) it is impractical to determine what fouctional illiteracy really is as different situations set different re-quirements9. It can be inferred frem the passage that .(A) over one-tenth of Americans population have difficulty in using and writing skills in everyday situations(B) in North America nation-wide tests are given to test pupils? fouctional iteracy(C) Canadians are generally at a higher lever of fouctional literacy than Americans are(D) teaching of English reading and writing has turned out toe a failure in Canada and the U.S10. This passage was written mainly to .(A) analyze different definitions of fouctional illiteracy(B) discuss the reasons for fouctional illiteracy(C) compare different ways to get rid of illiteracy(D) introduce the problem of functional illiteracyQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Some people believe that international sport creates good will between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but I recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic (悲惨的) incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.One country received its second medals with vilible indignation(愤怒) after the hockey (曲棍球) final. There had been noisy scenes t the end of the hockey match. The losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that that their opponent?s victory was unfair. Their manager wa in a rage when he said, “This wasn?t hockey . Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished. ” The president of the Federtion said later that such behavior could result in the suspension(暂令停止参加) of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended I disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player thev thew the ball from one end of the court to the oth-er, and another player player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ener lost an Olympic basketball match. An appepl jurydebated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would atand. The American players then voted not to receive the sil-ver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. The suggestion that athletes shoould compete as individuals, or in non-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.11. According the author, reent Olympic Games have .[A] created goodwill between the nations[B] bted only false national pride[C] barely showed any international friendship[D] led to more and more misunderstanding and hatred12. What did the manager mean by saying, “Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished”?[A] His team would no loger take part in international games[B] Hockey and the Federation are both ruined by the unfair decisions[C] There should by no more hockey mtches organized by the Federation[D] The Federation should be dissolved13. The basketbal example implied that[A] too much patriotism was displayed in the incident[B] the announcment to prolong the match wa wrwng[C] the appeal jury wa too hesitant in makig the decision[D] the American team was right in rejecting the silver medals14. The author gves the two examples in paragraphs 2 and 3 to show .[A] how false national pride led to undesirable incidents ininternational games[B] that sportsmen have been more obedient than they used to be[C] that competitiveness in the games discourages international friendship[D] that unfair decisions are common in Olmpic Games15. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage?[A] The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved[B] Athletes should compete as individuals in the Olympic Games[C] sport should be played competitively rather than for the love of the game[D] International contests are liable for misunderstanding between nations Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passageNow the Bush team is pushing hard an idea which is inherited from the Clinton asininistra-tion and which, in some way, build on the debt-relief initiative. For the very poorest coun-tries, America strongly favors maving from loans to grants, though other industrial-country do-nors are still doubtful of the wissom of this. Giving grants, they argue, will cut future aid flows beaause some of the funding for loans on generous terms comes from money which has been repaid(归还) to donors.America takes the view that, since many developing-country loans will never be repaid, mainly because the recipients (接受者) cannot affford to make large payments to their creditors, it makes more sense to treat them as grants in the first place. The Bush administration has threatened to hold up the fouds used for this sort of aid, International Develop-ment Assistance (IDA), if itcannot persuade everyone else to come on boaed. All members talded about having made progress in this area, but it remains a stumbling block.Work is also under way in the IMF and the G7 to reform the international system. This now has two objectives. One is to make it harder for terrorist organizations to obtain funding by cracking down on money-laundering and increasing financial transparency. The other is to reduce the occurrence and severity of financial crises in emerging-market countries. On this American views seem to have prevailed. The G7 meeting on April 19th and 20 ended with an unexpected decision 'to proceed with an American plan to include collective action clauses in fu-ture loans taken out by emerging-market governments. The idea is that in the event of a delay of payment-such as that by Argentina last December-a government could negotiate with a “super-majority” of its creditors to restructure its debts, rather than, as now, have a small mi-nority of creditors a ble to weaken such attempts.This market-based approach is still controversial, and implementing it could be difficult given the previous reluctance of governments to include such calauses in loan contracts (lest they appear to be signaling a readiness to default(拖欠) even as they borrow). Work on IMF paans for more far-reacjomg reforms of supreme debt, on which the Bush team recently appeared to pour cold water, is to proceed at the same time. The two approaches, said the G7, are “com-plementary”.16. According to the passage, America favors moving from loans to grants on the purpose of .[A] making more meoney for the donors[B] relieving debt of the poorest countries[C] solving the problem of poverty completely[D] collecting more money for future aid to other countries17. It can be seen that the undertaking of moving from loans to grants .[A] makes no progress at all [B] makes progress smoothly[C] still face some difficulties [D] achieve its success in near future18. The purpose of the reform of the international financlal systemincludes .[A] relieving the debt of poor countries[B] establishing a global financial market[C] distributing mony more fairly in the world[D] preventing the possible financial crisis and terrorists to raise money through the system19. It can be inferred from para. 3 that present .[A] a country can never expect to reconstruct its debts[B] a country can reconstreuct its debt with the permission of IMF[C] a country in default canot reconstuct its debts without the permission of all of its creditors[D] a country in defanlt can reconstruct its debts by acquiring the permssion of most of its creditors20. The implementing of the market-based approach may get to be smoother if .[A] American does more to help the poor[B] the Bush team doesn?t pour cold water[C] the emerging-market countries try harder[D] the governments of creditors are always ready to restructure the debts of its debtorsPart ⅡCloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. Y ou should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Small business owners must accept the bur-dens of entrepreneurship(企业家的职责). Being in business for yourself 21 your full atten-tion. Y ou seldom leave the office or shop at 5 PM.22 do you leave job problems there. They follow you home as business homework. This means less time for your 23 life.The 24 you sought can put you on the 25 . Y ou don?t report to a boss. But you do try as had as possible to serve your. customer. They are your “26 ”. Y ou also have to com-pete with creditors, employees, suppliers, and tax collectors. In other words, you are never really 27 .Samll firms can seldom 28 to hire e-nough employees so that each can specialize. Y ou may have to prepare ads, 29 records, make sales calls, and collect bad debts. Y ou must be able to “wear many hats”. 30 all these tasks takes up lots of time. But you cannot 31 long-range planning. Y ou have to 32 goals and develop plans to meet them. Give too 33 time to management and your business will fail.The major cause of business 34 is poor management. Of every three business that start, two fail . nearly half fail in the first five years. A person with limited talents may be a- ble to hold a job in a large firm because others will pick up the slack(松懈，懈怠). When you are in business 35 yourself, there is no one to “carry you”.Even if your firm 36 , you may still have little money to spend .you may work hard for months and not take a penny out, except for the salary you pay yourself. The reason is you may have to 37 your profits in the firm for long-eterm growth.38 you may need to meet short-term 39 for cash. Y ou may not even be able to draw a salary until the firm becomes a truly going 40 .21. [A] conside [B] acquires [C] requires [D] inquires22. [A] Nor [B] Also [C] So [D] Either23. [A] institutional [B] personal [C] intimate [D] secret24. [A] prosperity [B] property [C] fortne [D] independence25. [A] spot [B] button [C] horizon [D] period26. [A] superior [B] manager [C] boss [D] director27. [A] lucky [B] free [C] relaxed [D] happy28. [A] afford [B] resort [C] grant [D] entitle29. [A] mange [B] break [C] keep [D] establish30. [A] Assuming [B] Marnaging [C] Regulating [D] Performing31. [A] deny [B] discard [C] refuse [D] ncglect32. [A] set [B] construct [C] make [D] create33. [A] few [B] reductron [C] failure [D] slight34. [A] depression [B] reductron [C] failure [D] lack35. [A] by [B] for [C] upon [D] from36. [A] booms [B] succeeds [C] fails [D] enlarges37. [A] reinvest [B] resolve [C] reserve [D] reproduce38. [A] But [B] And [C] While [D] Or39. [A] obligations [B] demands [C] requirements [D] necessaries40. [A] accomplishment [B] charity [C] concern [D] estatePart ⅢV ocabulary and Structure (15%)41. my great surprise, Idiscovered that the watch was broken.(A)To (B)For (C)On (D)With42. As far as the structure is concerned, the house isn?t the price they are ask.(A)worthy (B)worthy of (C)worthwhile (D)worth of43. It?ll be sure beat carrying a lot of water of to boil it at the campsite.(A)to have (B)have (C)having (D)had44.We all know that Mr.Wang is training his son .(A)in real earnest (B)on purpose (C)in an easygoing way(D)out of mind45. They visited many places their stay in shanghai.(A)in (B)for (C)during (D)on46. Astronomers believe that here are small, very cold lumps that stay poised in spacethe furthest planet.(A)beyond (B)before (C)behind (D)below47. I have so much work to do that a holiday for me this year is .(A)in question (B)out of question (C)out of the question (D)at random48. Students generally look their teachers.(A)up (B)up to (C)into (D)until49. The teacher won?t dismiss the class it is time.(A)for (B)if (C)so (D)until50. We countless enemy encirclements and blockades until we finally arrived at our destination.(A) broke through (B)broke with (C)broke into (D)broke in51. Sales of home computer have in recent years.(A)taken in (B)taken off (C)taken for (D)taken from52. Y ou may not believe it, but Einstein is said to have noaptitude language learning when he was young.(A)towards (B)of (C)for (D)with53. During the flood of 1927, the Red Cross out of emergency headquarters in Mississippi, set up temporary shelters for the homeless.(A)operates (B)is operating (C)has operated (D)operating54．As a masterpiece, a work of art must transcend the ideals of the period in which it was created.(A)Ranks (B)The ranking (C)To be randed (D)For being randed55.Of all the factors affecting agricultural yields, weather is the one the most.(A)it influences farmers (B)that influences farme rs(C)farmers that it influenes (D)why farmers influence it56. He was left alone, with to take care of him.(A)someone (B)no one (C)not one (D)anyone57. Bruce and John have arrived, but students in the class aren?t here yet.(A)other (B)the other (C)the others (D)others58. As the chairman will be hospitalized for quite a long time, some one should be appointed chairman.(A)alternative (B)temporary (C)substitute (D)secondary59. If, despite all this, we walk with of realizing our long-cherished dream of rebirth and reconstruction, it is because the conditions for doing so now exist.(A)convince (B)conviction (C)conflict (D)confirmation60. Despite all his efforts and merits, Mr.Smith is not a good teacher.(A)much of (B)adequate to (C)qualified (D)somewhat for61. offering good job prospects and easy living, Atlanta is acity where African Americans have had a chance to express their culture and flourish.(A)Beside (B)Besides (C)Except (D)Except for62. Altough the students dislike the material they are studying right now, their instructor has no to change the syllabus.(A)purpose (B)motivation (C)ambition (D)authority63. His efforts to improve the company have been very .(A)effective (B)efficient (C)efficacious (D)effetively64. looked more affluent, the price could have gone up to 400 rupees.(A)If had I (B)Had I (C)I had (D)I had been65. The travels of Marco Polo in the 12th century would not have been so well knownFor the book he wrote while in jail.(A)it not have been (B)is not been (C)had it ont been (D)has not been66. On entering te office, the teacher canght sight of the gift by his students.(A)was sent (B)being sent (C)sent (D)sending67. Our school singing group is going to give performance next month; don?t moss it.(A)an alive (B)a living (C)a live (D)a life68. The television with my concentration when I was writing.(A)distured (B)interfered (C)troubled (D)bothered69. Children?s clothes have to be strong to hard wear.(A)stand in for (B)stand in to (C)stand up for (D)stand up to70. So that nobody wants to swim in it.(A)the river is dirty (B)dirty is the river(C)is the river dirty (D)dirty the river isPart ⅣTranslation (20%)Professor Arthur Shimamura, of the University of California at Berkeley, says there are three main ways in which mental fouction changes.The forst is mental speed, for example how quickly ypu can react to fast moving incidents on the road. Drivers in their late teens react quickly but tend to drive too fast, while the over sixties are more cautious but rect more sloely. The near-inevitable slowing with age also partly explains why soccer players are seen as old in their thirties, while golf professionals are still in their prime at that age. This type of mental slowing results from a reduction in the efficiency with which the brain?s neurons work.The fact that asults find it harder to learn musical instruments than children points to a second type of mental loss with age – a reduction in learning capacity. The parts of the brain known as the temporal lobes control new learning, and are particulrly vulnerable to the effets of aging. This means that, as we get older, we take longer to learn a new language, are slower to master new routines and technologics at work, and we have to rely more on diaries and other mental ads.‘Working memory’is the third brain system which which is vulnerable to the effect of aging. Working memory is the brain?s …blackboard?, where we juggle from moment to moment the things we have to deep in mind when solving problems, planning tasks an generally organizing our day-to-day life. Absent-mindedness occurs at all ages because of imperaections in the working memory system –so, for instance, you may continually lose your glasses, or find yourself walking into a room of ypur house only to find that you cannot remember what you came for.Such absent-mindedness tends to creep up on us as we ageand occurs because our plans ansd intentions, which are chalked up on the ental blackboard, are easily wiped out by stray thoughts and other distractions. Stress and preoccupation can also cause such absent-mindedness, in addition to age-related changes in the brain. The frontal lobes of the brain –located behind the forehead and above the eyes –ate where the working memory system is located . Like the temporal lobes, which handle new learning, the frontal lobes are more vulnerable to the aging process than other parts of the brain.PartⅤWriting (15%)Directions: For this part, you are required to write a short essay Going Out to See the World. Y ou should write at least 150 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 旅行的好处2. 旅行的弊端3. 你的观点Going Out to See the W orld。
