语法知识—特殊句式的知识点总复习有答案

语法知识—特殊句式的知识点总复习含答案一、选择题1．______was in 1997_____I graduated from the university.A．That, that B．It, that C．That, when D．It,when2．一The pen writes well though it is only worth fifteen yuan.一Let me have a try. So .A．it is B．it does C．is it D．does it3．----She stayed up late last night. She can hardly do more work now.---- . I’ m too tired.A．So can I. B．So I canC．Neither can I D．Neither I can.4．--- He’s hardly been late for school recently. ---__________.A． So is his cousin B． So has his cousinC． Neither is his cousin D． Neither has his cousin5．—I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.— ________. I have to clean up my bedroom.A．So am I B．Neither am I C．Neither I am D．So I am6．﹣My father doesn't have a brother．﹣________．A．So do I B．So have IC．Neither do I D．Neither have I7．—I don’t like soap operas. They are boring.—________.A．Neither did I. B．So did I. C．Neither do I. D．So do I.8．I like green but my sister ______.A．like green,too B．doesn’t C．does D．doesn’t like9．—I used to eat a lot of junk food.—________.A．So do I B．Neither do I C．So did I D．Neither did I 10．—There are many advertisements on TV every day, but I don’t like them.— __________. Watching them is just a waste of time.A．So do I B．So am IC．Neither do I D．Neither am I11．Keeping pets brings us happiness. ________, we can also learn how to care for others from keeping pets.A．Such as B．As a result C．However D．More importantly 12．—Did Jimmy win first prize in the swimming competition yesterday？—Yes, of course. , he’s the best swimmer in out city.A．Without doubt B．For exampleC．At first D．Don’t worry13．If you don't go camping next Sunday，___________.A．so will I B．so do I C．neither will I D．neither do I 14．Our English teacher tells us to spend as much time as we can ________ English. A．listen and speak B．listening to and speak C．listening and speaking D．to listen and to speak15．—I will never come to this restaurants again. The food is terrible!—__________.A．Nor am I B．Neither will I C．So will I D．So do I 16．---Tom is hard-working. He’s hardly late for school. --- .A．So has his cousin B．So is his cousinC．Neither has his cousin D．Neither is his cousin17．—I don’t like showers or windy weather.—______________.A．Me too B．Me neitherC．So I do D．Neither I do二、1318．—Jane didn't go to the concert yesterday.— . I studied for my math test.A．So did I B．So I did C．Neither I did D．Neither did I 19．— you have lunch at school? —No，I , but my elder brother .A．Do; don't; have B．Do; don't; doesC．Does; doesn't; have D．Does; doesn't; do20．—I don’t like rainy or windy weather. What about you?—__________. I can’t do any outdoor activities.A．Me too B．So do I C．Neither do I D．Nor I do 21．-I have never visited a paper factory. -________A．So I have B．So have I C．Neither have I D．I haven`t22．—I have never visited a paper factory. —_____A．So have I. B．So I have. C．Neither have I. D．I haven’t no23．-I have visited a paper factory. -___________.A．So have I B．So I have C．Neither have I 24．If you don’t go to see the film tonight, _______.A．so don’t I B．so won’t IC． neither do I D． neither will I25．—It’s very hot in Chongqing in summer. — here.A．So it is B．So is it C．So it does D．So does it【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：我是在1997年从大学毕业的。

特殊句式一、倒装1.完全倒装谓语动词完全放在主语之前a.表示方位或方式的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时b.Such置于句首时2.部分倒装只把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）置于主语之前a.only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首（注：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装）b.否定词及表否定意义的介词短语等置于句首时六个重要的固定句型c.…so + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“…也是如此d.…neither(或nor) + be/助动词/情态动词+主语，“…也不这样”e.So + adj./adv….that…“如此…以至于…”f.Neither…, nor…，“…不…，…也不…”g.Not only…,but also…“不仅…而且…”h.Not until… “直到…才…”3.形式倒装形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。

它的特点是只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。

a.感叹句对名词（或中心词是名词）感叹时，用what引导；对形容词或副词感叹时，用how引导。

b.the more…,the more…句型c.whatever…/hower…引导的让步状语从句d.as, though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装形式的情况①表语的倒装②谓语动词的倒装③状语的倒装二、强调1.强调句型a.it is/was + 被强调的部分+ that/who + 句子剩余成分所强调的可以是单词，短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。

被强调的成份可以是主语宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。

b.一般疑问句的强调句型：is/was it + 被强调成分+ that/who + 其他成分c.特殊疑问句的强调句型：特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that + 其他成分d.有时可用it might be…that…, it must have been…that…句型表示强调e.Not…until句型的强调句f.强调句型中的it与作形式主语的it可根据能否恢复原句来判断g.强调句型it is /was…that…; it is/was + 时间+ when/before从句; it is + 时间+since从句；it was not long…before…等句型的区别2.对谓语动词的强调It is/was …that…结构不能强调谓语动词，如果需要强调谓语动词，用助动词do, did 或does.三、反义疑问句1.陈述部分含有must的反义疑问句当must作“必须”讲时，其反义疑问部分用needn’t；当含有mustn’t 时，其反义疑问部分用must/may当must/may（might）表示推测，即must作“一定，准是”讲，may/might作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改为“I am sure/guess that从句”，反义疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。

专题11 特殊句式（解析版）Part 1：知识点梳理1.倒装的必备条件及具体应用；2.省略的基本原则及用法；3.强调句的基本结构、句式及其与相似主从复合句的区别。

知识点1倒装1：完全倒装完全倒装here,there,up,down,in,out,off,away等副词开头的句子表示强调Out rushed the children.表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首Under the tree stood twotables and four chairs.强调表语,置于句首,或为保持句子平衡Present at the meeting were1,000 students.2：部分倒装部分倒装never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,not until,not等表示否定意义的副词放于句首Hardly did I know whathad happened.only和修饰的状语放于句首Only then did he realizethe importance of English.not only...but also...连接并列的句子,前倒后不倒Not only does he knowFrench,but also he is expert atit.neither...nor...连接并列的句子,前后都倒装Neither do I know it,nordo I care about it.so...that,such...that中的so或such及被修饰的成分放于句首时,主谓要倒装So busy is he that hecannot go on a holiday.as引导的让步状语Child as he is,he haslearned a lot.so,neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外的He can play the piano.So人或事can I.May you be in good用于表示祝愿的祈使句中health!Were I you,I would not do 省略if的虚拟条件it in this way.知识点2 省略1. 不定式的省略(1)在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词，只保留to，常见的词或结构有expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish, glad, happy, pleased, delighted, have, need, ought, used, be going, be about, be sure, be afraid, be certain, be likely, be ready, be supposed等。

最新特殊句式知识点总结及经典习题(含答案)（word）一、初中英语特殊句式1．—I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. What about you?—____________, because I was preparing for the project all the time.A．Nor do I B．Neither did IC．Neither am I D．Nor was I【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：—我昨天没有去电影院，你的？—我也没去，因为我一直在准备这个项目。

根据句意及题干分析此题是过去也没去，表示“也不”的倒装，用neither来构成，且动词和上文保持一致，所以选B。

考点：考查倒装句的用法。

2．What do you think ______solve the problem?A．you can do B．can you doC．you can do to D．can you do to【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：你认为你能做什么来解决问题？do you think是插入语，后面要用陈述语气，to do不定式做目的状语。

故选C。

考点：考查插入语的用法。

3．（题文）--I think you are different now．--of course，times have changed，and ．A．so have I B．so I have C．neither have I D．neither I have【答案】A【解析】句意：——我认为你现在不一样了。

——当然，时代变了，我也变了。

“so+系动词（助动词或情态动词）+主语”结构，为倒装语序，意为“……也……”，此结构表示前句叙述的情况也同样适合后句的人或物，此结构中前后句的主语为不同的人或物；如果前一句是否定结构，就用neither+ 倒装结构；如果是对前面情况的一种肯定，主语为同一个人或物，就用so + 主谓结构。

语法知识—特殊句式的分类汇编附答案解析一、选择题1．—Did Jimmy win first prize in the swimming competition yesterday？—Yes, of course. , he’s the best swimmer in out city.A．Without doubt B．For exampleC．At first D．Don’t worry2．To the east of the forest_______some monkeys.A．is B．are C．has D．have3．If you don't do the dishes I．A．so do B．so willC．neither do D．neither will4．—I’m not going swimming this afternoon.— ______. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.A．So am I. B．So I am.C．Neither am I. D．Neither I am.5．—I don’t like soap operas. They are boring.—________.A．Neither did I. B．So did I. C．Neither do I. D．So do I. 6．—I’m sorry, sir. I can’t finish the work on time.— Never mind. ________, the work is quite difficult.A．At least B．For instanceC．After all D．First of all7．—They had a good time when they were in Bangkok—So .A．had weB．we didC．did weD．we had8．I like swimming. __________ my mother.A．So is B．So does C．Neither is D．Neither does 9．- David wants to work as an architect when he grows up.-______________.A．So am I B．Neither am I C．So do I D．Neither do I 10．--- He’s hardly been late for school recently. ---__________.A． So is his cousin B． So has his cousinC． Neither is his cousin D． Neither has his cousin11．—I don’t like to stay up late. — I.A．So do B．So does C．Neither do D．Neither does 12．It was the third time________she ________History Museum.A．that; visited B．that; have visited C．which; had visited D．that; had visited 13．Our English teacher tells us to spend as much time as we can ________ English.A．listen and speak B．listening to and speakC．listening and speaking D．to listen and to speak14．—My father didn't go to work last weekend.—________________mine.A．So did B．So do C．Neither did D．Neither do15．In the next photo ________ Tom and his parents.A．be B．am C．is D．are16．—Too bad weather! I don’t think I can go swimming tomorrow.—If you________go, ________I.A．don’t; neither do B．won’t; neither will C．don’t; so will D．don’t; neither will 17．—Millie seldom watches action films. She finds them too noisy.—_______. Such films are always noisy and terrible .A．Neither do I B．Neither don’t I C．So do I D．Neither I do. 18．—I went to bed late last night. —______.A．So am I B．So was I C．So do I D．So did I19．— I think the plan is just a waste of time. What do you think?—Well, if you don’t support the plan, ________.A．neither do I B．so do I C．neither will I D．so will I 20．—He’s never been late for school.—________________.A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I21．--Tom won’t go to the park with us this Saturday.--___________.A．So will I. B．So do I. C．Neither have I. D．Neither will I.二、1322．---Would you like to go to the amusement park ? ---If Jack does , .A．so I go , too B．so will I C．neither will I D．so do I23．Here _________ the results of our survey. About 90 percent of students _________ playing computer games.A．is; like B．are; are like C．are; like24．—I have never visited a paper factory. —_____A．So have I. B．So I have. C．Neither have I. D．I haven’t no25．--Look! Here _______ the bus. Let’s _______, --Oh, no. It’s No. 2 Bus. We should take No. 11. A．Comes; get on it B．comes; get it on C．is coming; get on it D．come; get it on【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：——吉米昨天在游泳比赛中得了一等奖吗？——是的，当然，毫无疑问，他是城里最好的游泳运动员。

语法知识—特殊句式的知识点总复习有答案解析一、选择题1．Keeping pets brings us happiness. ________, we can also learn how to care for others from keeping pets.A．Such as B．As a result C．However D．More importantly 2．—Would you like to go on a picnic with us this weekend?—If Marry doesn’t go, .A．so do I B．so will I C．neither will I D．neither do I3．—I’m not going swimming tomorrow afternoon.— ________. I have to clean up my bedroom.A．So am I B．Neither am I C．Neither I am D．So I am4．__________ a book and some pens on the desk.A．There is B．There are C．There has D．There have 5．—I won’t stay up late.—________.A．So will I B．Neither I will C．Neither will I6．To the east of the forest_______some monkeys.A．is B．are C．has D．have7．Here ________ an email for you．A．is B．are C．has D．have8．---I don't usually go to a furniture shop.---________ Miss Wang.A．So does B．So did C．Neither does D．Neither did9．I like swimming. __________ my mother.A．So is B．So does C．Neither is D．Neither does 10．一I didn't watch the football match on TV yesterday.11．—I don’t like to stay up late. — I.A．So do B．So does C．Neither do D．Neither does 12．John and Mary ________ good eating habits but Eric ________.A．have; don’t B．has; doesn’t C．have; doesn’t D．has; don’t 13．Here two photos of my family. In the first picture my sister, Linda.A．are; is B．is; are C．are; are D．is; is14．--- I am going to the supermarket to buy some food and drinks.--- ________. Let’s go together.A．So am I B．So do I C．Neither am I D．Neither do I 15．—Millie seldom watches action films. She finds them too noisy.—_______. Such films are always noisy and terrible .A．Neither do I B．Neither don’t I C．So do I D．Neither I do.16．What do you think ______solve the problem?A．you can do B．can you doC．you can do to D．can you do to17．—There are many advertisements on TV every day, but I don’t like them.— __________. Watching them is just a waste of time.A．So do I B．So am IC．Neither do I D．Neither am I18．— I think the plan is just a waste of time. What do you think?—Well, if you don’t support the plan, ________.A．neither do I B．so do I C．neither will I D．so will I 19．—Where's your brother?—Oh, he ________ the library and ________.A．has been to; so Lucy is B．has gone to; so Lucy hasC．has gone to; so has Lucy D．has been in; so has Lucy20．—He’s never been late for school.—________________.A．So have I B．So am I C．Neither have I D．Nor am I21．—I don’t like doing eye exercises.—_____.A．So do I B．So am I C．Neither do I D．Neither am I二、1322．— you have lunch at school? —No，I , but my elder brother .A．Do; don't; have B．Do; don't; doesC．Does; doesn't; have D．Does; doesn't; do23．-- She likes playing football.-- _____________.A．So do I. B．Neither do I. C．So I do.24．Here _________ the results of our survey. About 90 percent of students _________ playing computer games.A．is; like B．are; are like C．are; like25．—I don’t like smoking.─_____________.A．Neither he is B．Neither is heC．Neither he does D．Neither does he【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【详解】句意：养宠物给我们带来快乐。

特殊句式【考点解读】1.新课标对特殊句式的基本要求：能在积累背诵的基础上准确理解句意并分清语法点，掌握句子类型及结构。

2.考查内容：判断句、被动句、省略句、谓语前置、宾语前置、定语后置、介宾结构后置。

其中判断句和省略句考频较高，主要以选择和翻译句子形式出现；倒装句主要以选择形式出现。

【常见题型】（2020秋•天津期末）阅读《醉翁亭记》一文，回答问题。

醉翁亭记环滁皆山也。

其西南诸峰，林壑尤美，望之蔚然而深秀者，琅琊也。

山行六七里，渐闻水声潺潺，而泻出于两峰之间者，酿泉也。

峰回路转，有亭翼然临．于泉上者，醉翁亭也。

作亭者谁？山之僧智仙也。

名之者谁？太守自谓也。

太守与客来饮于此，饮少辄醉，而年又最高，故自号曰醉翁也。

醉翁之意．不在酒，在乎山水之间也。

山水之乐，得之心而寓之酒也。

若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝，晦明变化者，山间之朝暮也。

野芳．发而幽香，佳木秀而繁阴，风霜高洁，水落而石出者，山间之四时也。

朝而往，暮而归，四时之景不同，而乐亦无穷也。

至于负者歌于途，行者休于树，前者呼，后者应，伛偻提携，往来而不绝者，滁人游也。

临溪而渔，溪深而鱼肥，酿泉为酒，泉香而酒洌，山肴野蔌，杂然而前陈者，太守宴也。

宴酣之乐，非丝非竹，射者中，弈者胜，觥筹交错，起坐而喧哗者，众宾欢也。

苍颜白发，颓然．．乎其间者，太守醉也。

已而夕阳在山，人影散乱，太守归而宾客从也。

树林阴翳，鸣声上下，游人去而禽鸟乐也。

然而禽鸟知山林之乐，而不知人之乐；人知从太守游而乐，而不知太守之乐其乐也。

醉能同其乐，醒能述以文者，太守也。

太守谓谁？庐陵欧阳修也。

（1）下面句子中加点词的解释，不正确的一项是（）临：居高面下A.有亭翼然临．于泉上者B.醉翁之意．不在酒意：意趣，情趣C.野芳．发而幽香芳：香气D.颓然．．乎其间者颓然：醉醺醺的样子【解析】本题考查理解对文言实词含义的辨析能力。

理解词语的含义时要注意文言词语的特殊用法，如通假、词类活用、一词多义和古今异义；能结合具体语境来准确辨析即可。

高考语法复习：特殊句式-强调句讲解及提升练习[要点解读]1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that...?It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。

Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

巩固提升一、单项选择1．--- Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?----- No, it was by improving work efficiency.A．when B．what C．how D．that2．It was the principles I learned from my reading _____ enabled me to get bigger and better jobs. A．that B．which C．what D．who3．It was ______ first discovered and published T.S. Eliot’s famous poem The Waste Land. A．them who B．they who C．them that D．they whose4．I think it is always the people who have the same culture _____ can share their feelings. A．which B．what C．as D．that5．Top students are not merely those who sit up late and study. It is efficiency ______ matters. A．that B．how C．what D．which6．It was not until the entire river was covered with rotten fish which died from acid rain that ____ how serious the pollution was.A．did the villagers realize B．made the villagers realizeC．the villagers realized D．realized the villagers.7．Of all the jobs I’ve had, ________ was my experience at Pennsylvania Railway Station________ impressed me most.A．it: where B．what; which C．it; that D．that; which 8．There is no doubt that it is around the family and the home ______all the greatest virtues of human society are created，strengthened，and maintained.A．that B．whereC．which D．with9．________ has forced people, especially women, to endure a lot of pain and suffering to make themselves more beautiful?A．It is what B．It is what thatC．What is it that D．What it is that10．It is _______ he said _______ is very important to me.A．what; that B．that; that C．all that; what D．which; that11．It was through her small but very powerful words _______ she said everything that needed to be said, and it truly changed my life.A．which B．that C．in which D．when12．It is only when people live on à very limited diet_________ it is necessary to make a special effort to supply the missing vitamins.A．so B．that C．since D．until13．John’s success has nothing to do with good luck. It is years of hard work __________ has made him what he is today.A．that B．whatC．which D．when14．It was because it rained yesterday we didn’t go to the park.A．whether B．thatC．what D．how15．It was in the Lake District _______ the poet William Wordsworth spent much of his lifetime. A．how B．that C．which D．where16．It was his nervousness in the interview _____ probably lost him the job.A．which B．since C．what D．that17．It is the quality of the food rather than the quantity ________ matters.A．that B．which C．what D．how18．It was not what Tom said but what he wrote in the letter ______ touched his mother. A．what B．whichC．that D．who19．It was with great joy _______ Tom received the news that his lost son had been found．A．because B．whichC．since D．that20．It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.A．where B．whyC．that D．what21．—He found a baby in his car when he came back from the supermarket. And ___ was crying for some milk.—When was _____?—_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college.A．it; that; This B．he; this; It C．she; it; This D．it; that; It22．It was the President himself______ opened the door．A．who B．when C．which D．where23．Could it be in the public phone box ______ you made me the call yesterday ______ you lost your IP card?A．that; how B．which; that C．where; that D．when; how24．-----Who ______ it be that hasn’t handed it in yesterday?------It _______ be Bob. He handed it in yesterday.A．can; mustn’t B．must; can C．can; can’t D．may; mustn’t 25．It was not until she collected enough material_______to create her new novel.A．did she begin B．when she beganC．that she began D．that did she begin答案：1．D2．A3．B4．D5．A6．C7．C8．A9．C10．A11．B12．B13．A14．B15．B16．D 17．A18．C19．D20．C21．D22．A23．C24．C25．C二、汉译英1.他每次进城都给女儿带礼物。

完全倒装谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句，或叫全部倒装。

1．表示方位或方向的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall以及表示时间的now, then等，置于句首且主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。

►Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽车来了！►For a moment nothing happened. Then came voices all shouting together.片刻之间什么声音也没有，之后大家一起欢呼起来。

【注意】上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则句子用部分倒装。

►Away they went.他们走了。

►Over it turns!它翻过来了！2．表语＋连系动词＋主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)►Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授，史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。

3．such＋be＋主语►Such are the facts: no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认它们。

部分倒装部分倒装只是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be 动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部分仍在主语后面。

1．So/Neither/Nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)►Lily can't play table–tennis. Neither can I.莉莉不会打乒乓球，我也不会。

2．否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely等，及表示否定意义的介词短语at no time, in no case, under/in no circumstances, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。

语文特殊句式知识点总结一、定语从句1. 定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句，用来限定或修饰先行词，说明先行词的性质、特征等，使句子更加丰富和具体。

2. 关系代词有关系主语、关系宾语和关系状语的功能，分别用“who, whom, whose, which, that”等引导。

3. 关系副词引导的定语从句作状语，有地点、时间、原因、条件等功能，分别用“where, when, why, how”等引导。

二、状语从句1. 状语从句是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的从句，表示时间、原因、条件、目的、方式、比较等不同的状语关系。

2. 状语从句的引导词有与时间有关的“when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until”等；与原因有关的“because, since, as, for”等；与条件有关的“if, unless, as long as, provided that, on condition that”等；与目的有关的“so that, in order that, in case, lest”等；与方式有关的“as, as if, as though, the way”等；与比较有关的“than, as...as”等。

3. 状语从句中的虚拟语气：表示与事实相反的假设时，使用虚拟语气，包括与现在事实相反的“与过去事实相反的“， & 与将来事实相反的“，以及与过去将来事实相反的“假设”和“与过去将来事实相反的假设”。

三、主谓一致1. 主谓一致是指主语与谓语在数方面要保持一致。

一般来说，主谓一致包括单数主语搭配单数谓语，复数主语搭配复数谓语。

2. 主谓一致是指句子中的谓语动词要和主语在人称和数方面保持一致。

如果主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要加-s；如果主语是第三人称复数，谓语动词不加-s。

3. 主语不论位于谓语之前或之后，都决定了谓语动词应该是单数还是复数形式。