国际贸易实务(英文版)(第二版)ppt周瑞琪5Cargo Transp

on to railway trucks；the roads are provided for all the road users and all that
required is the capital cost of a vehicle and payment of its running costs，while it has
crates and lighter packing may save custom duties when these are levied on
weight. But bad weather may restrict flights，costly airports are required and
and sea without unloading and reloading. The danger of damage to delicate
articles is reduced. Goods sent by air do not require packing in heavy and costly
to construct their own permanent way for railways；roads are faster than railways for
short journeys，while railways are good for the transport of large quantities of heavy
based on actual weight for heavy cargo or measurement for large volume cargo
and not affected by the value of the goods. High⁃speed means shorter periods of

SEIB of GDUFS
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2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties -seller & buyer
Document applied: only to the contract of sale
and risk distribution between the parties
SEIB of GDUFS
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2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Obligation
Obligation -- a legal duty to do something according to a certain agreement.
Specific aspects governed: only settle matters
concerning the delivery of tangibles goods sold
Focusing only on the delivery of tangible goods Delivery also indicating the transfer of obligations, cost
SEIB of GDUFS
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Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Initially in 1928---“Warsaw Rules, 1928”
22 provisions governing the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) contract terms.

“Risk” refers to accidental damage to the goods.
time: when does the risk pass from the sellers to the
buyers?
SEIB of GDUFS
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2.2.2 Categorization of Terms
Arrival
Delivered at Frontier (…named place) Delivered Ex Ship (…named port of destination) Delivered Ex Quay (…named port of destination) Delivered Duty Unpaid (…named place of destination) Delivered Duty Paid (…named place ofSdEeIsBtionf aGtDioUnF)S
SEIB of GDUFS
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2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties -seller & buyer
Document applied: only to the contract of sale
货交承运人（…指定地点） 船边交货（ …指定装运港） 船arriage paid
Cost and Freight (…named port of destination)
成本加运费（ …指定目的港）
Cost, Insurance and Freight (…named port of destination)

Balance of Payments The balance of payment = the difference between money coming into a country and money going out of the country + money flows coming into or leaving a country from other factors. favorable balance of payments VS unfavorable balance of payments
In contrast, portfolio or indirect investments, are chiefly motivated by short- to medium-term profits. They may include equity investments that do not involve an active role in management or bonds and other debt instruments issued by foreign companies and governments. As financial markets around the world become increasingly integrated in recent years, international portfolio investments have become popular with investors as a vehicle of diversification further hastening the process of international financial integration.