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2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Winston became quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy 意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。
句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。
2.翻译题我国高等教育大众化过程需要更加关注4个问题：理解高等教育规模扩大的本原，加强人文素质教育，平衡优秀与平等的关系，协调大学与政府、市场间的关系。
所有这些都要以明析高等教育哲学的一个根本问题为前提，即大学的根本使命和目标如何定位的问题。
现代大学一定要使学生和公众都能够理解大学最终和最基本的使命是什么。
大学不是提供获利的手段和就业单位的场所，而是要激发他们理性的光辉和力量，培养学生坚持长远地、全面地看待个人、社会与历史的发展所需要的能力。
【答案】【参考译文】More attention should be paid to four issues during the massification of Chinese higher education: (1) how to understand the prime cause of the expansion of higher education; (2) how to reinforce liberal education; (3) how to balance the relationship between equality and excellence; and (4) how to harmonize the relationship between the university, the government and the market. All these are based on the orientation about the ultimate mission and goal of universities. Modern universities must make students and the public understand their ultimate mission. A university is not a place where stratagems for profits and opportunities of emplo yment are provided; rather, it should inspire students’ rationalistic potencies, cultivate their ability to look upon the development of individuals, society and history from a long-term and all-around perspective.3.单选题The final recommendation was that the employee on probation（）a special night class for one semester.问题1选项A.attendB.has attendedC.attendsD.attended【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Peer tutoring is an effective way to improve learning for both the tutee and the tutor, and no one doubts the value of this strategy for meeting individual needs within a classroom. However, it takes more than simply pairing off students to make peer tutoring result in improved learning.Although you are likely to use informal tutoring practices in your classroom every day (e.g. asking one student to help another student with a problem), establishing a formalized tutoring program requires more involved planning. The following strategies can help you create and sustain an effective program within your classroom. As with most initiatives, if you can work with your building administrator and other teachers to establish a school-wide tutoring program, you will be able to serve the needs of all students more successfully. Typically, training will be minimal and will include basic instruction in modeling, prompting responses from tutees, using corrective feedback and praise/reinforcement, alternating teaching methods and materials (i.e.., using multisensory methods), and recording and reporting progress. If this is a school-wide initiative, classroom teachers or even parents or paraprofessionals can train students who will tutor as part of an extracurricular service activity.【答案】【参考译文】同伴教学是一种对受教者和施教者的学习都有改进的有效方法，没有人怀疑这种策略在课堂里满足个人需求的价值。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题Passage One⑴None of the much flaunted appeals of cigarette advertisers, such as superior taste and mildness, induces us to become smokers or to choose one brand in preference to another. Despite the emphasis put on such qualities by advertisers, they are minor considerations. This is one of the first facts we discovered when we asked several hundred people from all walks of life, why they liked to smoke cigarettes. Smoking is as much a psychological pleasure as it is a physiological satisfaction.What is the nature of this psychological pleasure? It can be traced to the universal desire for self-expression. (2) None of us ever completely outgrows our childhood. We are constantly hunting for the carefree enjoyment we knew as children. As we grew older, we had to subordinate our pleasures to work and to the necessity for unceasing effort. Smoking, for many of us, then, became a substitute for our early habit of following the whims of the moment; it becomes a legitimate excuse for interrupting work and snatching a moment of pleasure.Most of us are hungry for rewards. We want to be patted on the back. A cigarette is a reward that we can give ourselves as often as we wish. When we have done anything well, for instance, we can congratulate ourselves with a cigarette, which certifies, in effect, that we have been “good boys.”Passage Two(3) There is increasing media coverage surrounding carbon footprints. Businesses are facing mounting stakeholder pressure to show their commitment to measuring and reducing carbon emissions. As awareness amongst consumers is growing, organizations are being asked to report on the activities they are undertaking to reduce their carbon footprint. Until recently, most carbon offsets were commonly done by planting trees.Yet how effective are new trees in offsetting the carbon footprint? A new study suggests that the location of the new trees is an important factor when considering such carbon offset projects. (4) Planting and preserving forests in the tropics is more likely to slow down global warming. But the study concludes that planting new trees in certain parts of the planet may actually warm the Earth. The new study, which combines climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation in a fully interactive three-dimensional climate-carbon model, confirms that planting more tropical rainforests could help slow global warming worldwide.The research, led by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory atmospheric scientist Govindasamy Bala, appears in the April 9-13 online edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.According to the study, new forests in mid-to high-latitude locations could actually create a net warming. Specifically, more trees in mid-latitude locations like the United States and most of Europe would only create marginal benefits from a climate perspective. But those extra trees in the boreal forests of Canada, Scandinavia and Siberia could actually be counterproductive, Bala said.Forests affect climate in three different ways: they absorb the greenhouse gas ― carbon dioxide — from the atmosphere and help keep the planet cool; they evaporate water to the atmosphere and increase cloudiness, which also helps keep the planet cool; and they are dark and absorb sunlight (the albedo effect), warming the Earth. Previous climate change mitigation strategies that promote planting trees have taken only the first effect into account.“Our study shows that only tropical rainforests are strongly beneficial in helping slow down global warming,” Bala said. “It is a win-win situation in the tropics because trees in the tropics, in addition to absorbing carbon dioxide, promote convective clouds that help to cool the planet. In other locations, the warming from the albedo effect either cancels or exceeds the net cooling from the other two effects.”The study concludes that by the year 2100, forests in mid-and high-latitudes will make some places up to 10 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than would have occurred if the forests did not exist.(5) The authors caution that the cooling from deforestation outside the tropics should not be viewed as a strategy for mitigating climate change. “Preservation of ecosystems is a primary goal of preventing global warming, and the destruction of ecosystems to prevent global warming would be a counterpr oductive and perverse strategy.” Said Ken Caldeira, from the Carnegie Institution and a co-author of this report.Directions: Each of the following two passages has some underlined parts. Translate the underlined parts into Chinese and write your translation on the Answer Sheet.【答案】Passage One（1）【参考译文】香烟广告商所十分炫耀的香烟吸引力中，如出众的味道和温和，没有一种引诱我们去变为吸烟者或偏好地选择一个品牌。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The directions were so（）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.notoriousD.ambiguous【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。
ingenious意为“精巧的，巧妙的，机敏的”；ambitious意为“有野心的，有雄心的”，一般形容人；notorious意为“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous意为“含糊的，不明确的”。
句意：这些指示太不明确了，以致不可能完成任务。
2.单选题Winston became quite avaricious in his late life.问题1选项A.feebleB.greedyC.blatantD.forgetful 【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。
avaricious意为“贪财的，贪婪的”；feeble意为“虚弱的，衰弱的”；greedy 意为“贪婪的，贪心的”；blatant意为“明目张胆的，公然的”；forgetful意为“健忘的，好忘事的，疏忽的”。
句意：温斯顿晚年变得相当贪婪。
3.单选题The novel contains some marvelous revealing（）of rural life in the 19th century.问题1选项A.glancesB.glimpsesC.glaresD.gleamed【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项glance“瞥闪，扫视，匆匆一看”；B选项glimpse“瞥见”；C选项glare“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项gleamed“闪烁；隐约地闪现”。
句意：这本小说包括对19世纪乡村生活的一瞥，绝妙而富于启发。
glimpse“瞥见”，是glance的结果。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-大连理工大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These instruments, which break up structures only to examine them more fully, demonstrate how details can be（） and separated from the whole.问题1选项A.amplifiedB.magnifiedC.exemplifiedD.signified【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
amplify “扩大，放大”，多指将声音或者电流放大；magnify “放大”，多指通过放大镜等物品将影像扩大；exemplify “示例”；signify “表示，意指”。
句意：通过将设备打开而进行更详细的检查，这些工具展示了如何将细节扩大并把它们从整体中区分开来。
选项B符合题意。
2.单选题If we（）our relations with that country, we’ll have to find anot her supplier of raw materials.问题1选项A.diffuseB.diminishC.terminateD.preclude【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。
diffuse “扩散”；diminish “减少”；terminate “使终止，使结束”；preclude “排除，妨碍”。
句意：如果我们结束与那个国家的关系，我们必须寻找其他原材料提供国。
选项C符合题意。
3.单选题She remains confident and（） untroubled by our present problems.问题1选项A.indefinitelyB.optimisticallyC.infinitelyD.seemingly【答案】B【解析】考查副词词义辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-全国医学统考考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题2.问题1选项A.He has a terrible backache.B.He has a bad headache.C.He has a toothache.D.He has a diarrhea.【答案】A【解析】M: What time would your doctor be in today?W: He is here after 2:30. Do you need to see him today?M: Yes my back is killing me.Q: What’s the man’s problem?【解析】男士说：Yes my back is killing me(我的背疼死了)，故选A。
2.单选题13.问题1选项A.In the school.B.At school.C.In the hospital.D.To the dorm.【答案】C【解析】M: It seems to be your source of comfort to pray when you are on your own at night. W: Yes, it is. I don’t know what I will do if I didn’t have faith.M: I know it’s important for you to be able to pray. That is why I need to find a way for you to say your prayers and yet be sure the other patients are not awakened.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?【解析】细节题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The corporation expects only（）increases in sales next year despite a yearlong effort to revive its retailing business.问题1选项A.modestB.predictableC.dynamicD.expanding【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A选项modest“适度的，谦虚的”；B选项predictable“可预言的”；C选项dynamic“动态的，动力的，有活力的”；D选项expanding“扩大的，扩展的”。
句意：尽管用过去一年的时间去努力恢复零售市场，但是公司仅仅期盼业绩（）增长即可。
题干中的despite表转折，因此空格所填单词应该与despite所引导的句子产生的结果相反，正常情况下，付出了努力必然期盼有回报，所以这里应填与increase意思相反的词汇。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题Some people think that a（）translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free translation.问题1选项A.liberalB.literaryC.literalD.linear【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。
liberal意为“自由的”；literary意为“文学的”；literal意为“文字上的，字面的”；linear意为“直线的，线形的”。
由句中的than可知是与a free translation（意译）相比较，翻译一般分为意译与直意，因此选C。
句意：有些人认为直译，或者说逐字逐句的翻译，比意译容易。
3.翻译题Vacations are more necessary now than before because today the average life is less well-rounded and has become increasingly compartmentalized. I suppose the idea of vacations, as we conceive it, must be incomprehensible to primitive peoples. Rest of some kind has of course always been a part of the rhythm of human life, but earlier ages did not find it necessary to organize it in the way that modern man has done, holidays and feast days were sufficient.With modern man’s increasing tensions, with the stultifying (极其单调乏味的) quality of so much of his work, this break in the year’s routine became steadily more necessary. Vacations became mandatory for the purpose of renewal and repair. And so it came about that in the United States, the most self-indulgent of nations, the most tense and compartmentalized, vacations have come to take a predominant place in domestic conversation.【答案】【参考译文】休假比以前任何时候都更有必要，因为如今一般人的生活不再像以前那样丰富多彩，相反却变得越来越单调乏味。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Bullied by two classmates, the boy began to cry and tear slowly（）down his face.问题1选项A.oozedB.trickledC.dribbledD.leaked【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。
A选项ooze“渗出；泄漏”；B选项trickle“使……滴；一滴滴地流”；C选项dribble“连击；使滴下；运球”；D选项leak“使渗漏，泄露”。
句意：受到两位同班同学的欺负后，这位男孩开始哭，然后眼泪顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流下。
结合此处句意眼泪应该是顺着他的脸颊一滴滴地流，判断出B选项正确。
2.单选题After a slow sales start early in the year, mobile homes have been gaining favor as an（）to increasingly expensive conventional housing.问题1选项A.optionB.alternativeC.supplementD.addition【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。
A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。
句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。
结合句意，B选项正确。
3.单选题In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant “ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies —feminism, socialism, trade unionism —and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wage-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tender that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to Tender, the degrading conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints rather than an exhaustive analysis. Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its cur rent form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She uses the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answers, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to （）.2.It can be inferred from the passage that, in Eisenstein’s view, working women at the turn of the century had3.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?4.What does the word “tantalizing” (Line 2, Para. 2) probably mean?5.Which of the following would the author of the passage be most likely to approve as a continuation of Eisenstein’s study?问题1选项A.criticize a scholar’s assumptions and methodologyB.evaluate an approach to women’s studypare two sociological theoriesD.correct a misconception about feminist theory问题2选项A.They resented the dominant ideology as degrading.B.They preferred the dominant ideology to other available ideologies.C.They believed that the dominant ideology isolated them from one another.D.They accepted some but not all aspects of the dominant ideology.问题3选项A.A chronological account of a historical development is presented, and then future developments are predicted.B.A term is defined according to several different schools of thought, and then a new definition is formulated.C.A theory is presented, an alternative viewpoint is introduced, and then the reasoning behind the initial theory is summarized.D.A tentative proposal is made, reasons for and against it are weighed, and then a modified version of the proposal is offered. 问题4选项A.temptingB.annoyingC.dubiousD.formal问题5选项A.A theoretical study of how socialism and feminism influenced one another at the turn of the century.B.An analysis of letters and diaries written by typical female wage earners at the turn of the century.C.An assessment of what different social and political groups defined as the dominant ideology in the early twentieth century.D.A documentary account of labor’s role in the introduction of women into the labor force.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题His mother scanned his face to see if he was telling the truth.问题1选项A.indicatedB.scrutinizedC.caressedD.penetrated【答案】D【解析】考查同义动词辨析。
A选项indicated“表明，显示，象征，暗示”；B选项scrutinized“仔细查看；认真检查；细致审查”，表示用挑剔的眼光以及对细节苛求的态度检查；C选项caressed“抚摸，爱抚”；D选项penetrated“看透；透过……看见，洞察；发现；揭示”。
句意：他母亲审视着他的脸，想看看他是否在说真话。
Scan“细看；察看；审视；端详”。
D选项与scan意思最接近，因此D选项正确。
2.单选题The guests were in a jubilant mood as the wedding began.问题1选项A.exultantB.conciliatoryC.reverentD.receptive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
a jubilant意为“喜庆洋洋的，欢欣鼓舞的”；exultant意为“狂喜的；兴高采烈的”；conciliatory意为“调解的，安抚的”；reverent意为“恭敬的，虔敬的”；receptive意为“乐于接受的”。
句意：婚礼开始时，客人们都喜气洋洋。
3.单选题The plane（）, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.问题1选项A.smashedB.crushedC.plungedD.crashed【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。
smash意为“打碎，打破，撞击”；crush意为“压坏，压碎”；plunge意为“暴跌，骤降”；crash意为“碰撞、坠落，坠毁”，根据习惯用法，飞机失事，动词都是用crash。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题任何形式的脑力锻炼都比窝在沙发上看电视要好。
但最能产生积极影响的锻炼活动绝不是简单和轻松的活动：永无休止地玩游戏，或者看历史频道的最新记录长片可能是不够的。
就像肌肉越用越强健一样，脑力训练可以使你的心智技能和记忆力保持张力。
不要过得太舒服。
走出舒适区，时不时挑战一下你的心智技能，比如到你从来没有去过的城市旅游，这会使你在陌生的环境里不断探索。
【答案】【参考译文】Any form of mental exercise is better than watching TV on the sofa. But the exercise activities that can have the most positive impact are by no means simple and easy activities: it may not be enough to play games endlessly or watch the latest documentary feature films on the history channel. Just as muscles become stronger with use, mental training can keep your mental skills and memory under tension. Don’t be too comfortable. Step out of your comfort zone and occasionally challenge your mental skills, such as traveling to a city you have never been to, which will make you constantly explore in a strange environment.2.单选题Cold compresses ease the pain of the physical injury, but only time could ______ the effect of the insult.问题1选项A.alleviateB.decelerateC.缺D.perish 【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-辽宁大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题仅仅传授专业知识是不够的。
通过专业教育可以使人成为一种有用的机器，却不能成为一个全面发展的人。
让学生对价值理念有所理解并产生热情，是不可或缺的。
否则，他——连同他的专业知识——就更像一条受过良好训练的狗，而非一个和谐发展的人。
他必须通过学习了解人们的动机、幻想和苦难，以便正确处理同他人和社会的关系。
【答案】【参考译文】Only to impart professional knowledge is not enough. Professional education can make human being become a kind of useful machine, but can’t make him a person of comprehensive development. It is absolutely necessary for letting students have some understanding of the concept of value and generate enthusiasm. Otherwise, he, together with his specialized knowledge, will more resemble a well-trained dog rather than a person of harmonious development. He must learn to understand people’s motivation, fa ntasy and misery so as to correctly handling the relationship with other people and the society.2.单选题The mayor is a woman with great forthrightness and therefore deserves our political and financial support.问题1选项A.intentionB.instinctC.integrityD.intensity【答案】C 【解析】考查名词辨析。
forthrightness意为“坦率，直率”；intention意为“意图，目的”；instinct 意为“本能，天性”；integrity意为“正直，诚实”；intensity意为“强烈”。
句意：市长是一位非常直率的女性，因此值得我们的政治和财政支持。
3.翻译题Can man be credited with choosing the right path when he knows only one? Can he be congratulated for his wise decision when only one judgment is possible? If he knows nothing of vice, is he to be praised for adhering to virtue?From the day when the first man tasted the forbidden fruit, he has been struggling with the choice between good and evil, but without his full awareness of the pleasing taste of that apple, or even of its existence, would he be worthy of praised for forbearing to eat it? Wisdom consists of the deliberate exercise of judgment; knowledge comes in the discrimination between those known alternatives. Weighing these alternatives is the way of maturity. Only then does man have the strength to follow his choice without wavering, since that choice is based firmly on knowledge rather than on an uncertain, dangerously shallow foundation of ignorance.【答案】【参考译文】当知道仅有一条路可以走的时候，一个人做出的抉择还能被称为正确吗？当眼前只有一个选择时，那个人所作的决定还能算是明智的吗？如果他根本不懂什么叫罪恶，那他又是否该为坚守道义而受到称赞？自从人类第一次偷尝禁果之后，就一直在善与恶之间的选择上作斗争，但是如果他对那禁果的可口味道，甚至于连它的存在都不知道，那他会因为克制自己不吃它而被称赞吗？智慧的获取得益于一次次慎重的评判，而知识则来源于对已知的选择进行鉴别。
权衡这些选择才是成熟之道。
只有这样，一个人才能有力量毫不动摇地坚持自己的选择，因为这种选择是基于知识，而不是不确定的，非常肤浅的愚昧无知。
4.翻译题Peer tutoring is an effective way to improve learning for both the tutee and the tutor, and no one doubts the value of this strategy for meeting individual needs within a classroom. However, it takes more than simply pairing off students to make peer tutoring result in improved learning.Although you are likely to use informal tutoring practices in your classroom every day (e.g.asking one student to help another student with a problem), establishing a formalized tutoring program requires more involved planning. The following strategies can help you create and sustain an effective program within your classroom. As with most initiatives, if you can work with your building administrator and other teachers to establish a school-wide tutoring program, you will be able to serve the needs of all students more successfully. Typically, training will be minimal and will include basic instruction in modeling, prompting responses from tutees, using corrective feedback and praise/reinforcement, alternating teaching methods and materials (i.e.., using multisensory methods), and recording and reporting progress. If this is a school-wide initiative, classroom teachers or even parents or paraprofessionals can train students who will tutor as part of an extracurricular service activity.【答案】【参考译文】同伴教学是一种对受教者和施教者的学习都有改进的有效方法，没有人怀疑这种策略在课堂里满足个人需求的价值。
然而，要想让同伴辅导提高学习效果，仅仅把学生配对是不够的。
虽然你可能每天在你的课堂里使用非正式的辅导实践（例如，要一位学生去帮助另一位学生解决问题），但是建立一个正式的辅导课程却需要更复杂的设计。
下面的策略可以帮助您在课堂里创建并维持一个有效的辅导课程。
与大多数的倡议一样，如果您能与大楼管理员和其他教师共同去建立一个全校性的辅导课程，那么您将能够更成功地满足所有学生的需求。
通常，培训是小规模的，并且包括建模的基本指令，提示来自受教者的回应，使用矫正反馈和称赞/强化，交替教学方法和材料（如使用多感官的方式），记录和报告进展。
如果这是一次全校性的倡议，那么将辅导作为部分课外服务活动的课堂老师，甚至家长或辅导专职人员都可以训练学生。
5.翻译题以前人们常说，英国人享乐时也会郁郁不乐。
如今，如果英国人真有什么乐趣可享的话，情况无疑还会依然如此，不过英国的烟酒价格构成了足以令人忧愁的外因。
有时我觉得，这种享乐时也郁郁不乐的癖性已经传到了大西洋彼岸，我不由得纳闷：这么多讲英语的人身体又健康，收入又丰厚，怎么人生观却如此消沉。
我在美国旅行期间，注意到了一种根深蒂固的忧郁症。
我觉得这种忧郁症似乎极其普遍，这就给社会改革家出了难题。
大多数社会改革家认为，若是消除了贫困，有了经济保障，太平盛世就会到来。
但是，无论在贵国还是在蔽国，看着坐在豪华轿车里的人们的面孔，却见不到社会改革家引导人们期待的那种喜气洋洋的神情。
相反，十有八九，我看到的是一副厌倦不满的神情，以及一种近似疯狂的渴望，想找点东西吊起早已发腻的胃口。
【答案】【参考译文】It used to be said that English people take their pleasure sadly. This would no doubt still be the case today if they had any pleasure to take, but the price of alcohol and tobacco in British has provided sufficient external causes for melancholy. I have sometimes thought that the habit of taking pleasure sadly has crossed the Atlantic, and I have wondered what it is that makes so many English-speaking people somber in their outlook in spite of good health and a good income.During my travels in the America, I have been impressed by a kind of fundamental malaise which seems to me extremely common and which poses difficult problems for the social reformer. Most social reformers have held the opinion that, if poverty were abolished and there were no more economic insecurity, the millennium would have arrived. But when I look at the faces of people in luxury cars, whether in your country or in mine, I do not see that look of radiant happiness which the aforesaid social reformers had led people to expect. In all likelihood, on the contrary, I see instead a look of boredom and discontent and an almost frantic longing for something that might tickle the jaded palate.6.翻译题With the Armistice of 1918, and the peacemaking of 1919 (and the 18th Amendment of the same year, that in theory made America a ‘dry’ nation), the American prose-writer entered a new period of revolt. In some ways this was a continuation of earlier movements. But the writers themselves did not think so; they acknowledged no kinship with prewar writers, except perhaps Theodore Dreiser. Henry Adams had said that the generations in American history were discontinuous: the younger did not learn from the older one, nor could it. Few of Adams’s contemporaries would have agreed with him. However, his Education, when published in a popular edition in 1918, made an immediate appeal to young people who were convinced that if they knew none of the answers, at any rate they had clues of which their parents had no inkling. Since they learned from Adams, who was old enough to be their collective grandfather, it might seem that he disproved his own theory. Such an objection, though, would have been met with the argument that Adams could make contact with them because he was out of touch with his own era. The post-war generation, the Lost Generation—when had any age-group been so self-consciously aware of itself?—laid eager claim to lost souls from the past. In reviving such figures as Melville it apologized for the stupidity of its ancestors.【答案】【参考译文】随着1918年第一次世界大战停战协定的签订和1919年调停的达成（同一年的第18版修正案在理论上让美国变成了一个“没有战事”的国家），美国散文作家进入了一个新的反叛时期。
