复合电镀MCrAlY涂层研究进展

新型涂层材料的研究进展及应用随着人们环保意识的增强和减少资源消耗的意识日益提高，新型涂层材料的研究和应用已经成为近年来工业和科技界的热点问题。

本文将分别从新型材料研究的背景、新型涂层材料的分类、新型涂层材料应用进行探讨。

一、新型材料研究的背景传统的涂层材料主要包括有机涂料、无机涂料、电泳涂料等，但也存在一些不可避免的环境污染和威胁人体健康的隐患，例如：氧化亚铅、三氧化二锑、三氧化砷等有毒物质，因此需要研究一些环保、安全、高效的新型涂层材料。

新型涂层材料的研究有着广泛的应用前景，可以用于建筑、汽车、飞机、船舶、电子、医疗等多个领域，因此对于科技和经济的发展都具有重要的作用。

二、新型涂层材料的分类新型涂层材料的分类较为广泛，按照材料性质和应用环境等因素分类，可以分为以下几种类型：1. 环保涂层材料环保新型材料指不包含有害物质、不对环境产生污染、不对人体健康有害的涂层材料。

这类涂层的主要组成部分是预聚体、酸酐、水性树脂等，其应用范围非常广泛，包括建筑、汽车、电子、医药等多个领域。

2. 超疏水涂层材料超疏水材料指材料表面接触角大于150度，能够实现物体表面的自清洁，大大减少了清洗的工作量和时间。

超疏水材料的由来得益于仿生学研究，可以通过表面纳米结构处理、表面化学修饰、表面纳米表面转移等方式制造得到。

3. 防腐蚀涂层材料防腐蚀涂层材料主要应用于船舶、钢铁、石化等领域。

传统的防腐蚀涂料采用的防腐剂大多为毒性较强的重金属，因此对环境和人体都存在严重的危害，新型环保防腐涂层材料的出现对产业的发展起到了积极的推动作用。

4. 自修复涂层材料自修复涂层材料是指能够在被切割、划伤或磨损后自行修复的材料，从而延长了工业用品的使用寿命。

这类涂层材料广泛应用于汽车、飞机、电子、医疗等领域。

三、新型涂层材料的应用新型涂层材料的应用范围广泛，不同的材料适用于不同的工业领域，其中的应用前景十分广阔，以下是一些新型涂层材料的应用情况：1. 纳米涂层材料纳米涂层材料的出现，开创了一种全新的涂层应用模式。

自修复环氧防腐涂层的研究进展目录1. 内容综述 (2)1.1 研究背景与意义 (3)1.2 国内外研究现状概述 (4)2. 自修复环氧防腐涂层材料的设计与制备 (5)2.1 材料选择与改进 (6)2.2 涂层制备方法与优化 (8)2.3 涂层性能评价标准建立 (8)3. 自修复环氧防腐涂层的机理研究 (9)3.1 自修复机制的探究 (10)3.2 防腐效果的评估方法 (12)3.3 涂层与基材的界面结合分析 (13)4. 自修复环氧防腐涂层在典型环境中的应用 (14)4.1 在金属腐蚀环境中的应用 (15)4.2 在化工环境污染环境中的应用 (17)4.3 在海洋工程防腐环境中的应用 (18)5. 自修复环氧防腐涂层的性能改进与优化 (18)5.1 提高耐磨性、耐腐蚀性和耐候性 (20)5.2 优化涂层结构与成分以提高整体性能 (21)5.3 涂层的多功能化与集成化研究 (22)6. 实际应用案例分析 (23)6.1 工程实例介绍 (25)6.2 应用效果与评价 (26)6.3 经验教训与发展建议 (27)7. 结论与展望 (28)7.1 研究成果总结 (29)7.2 存在问题与挑战 (31)7.3 未来发展方向与前景展望 (32)1. 内容综述随着科技的不断发展，自修复环氧防腐涂层作为一种新型环保型涂料，逐渐受到人们的关注和重视。

自修复环氧防腐涂层具有优异的耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗老化等性能，能够有效地延长物体的使用寿命，降低维修成本，减少对环境的污染。

国内外学者在自修复环氧防腐涂层的研究方面取得了一系列重要进展。

自修复环氧防腐涂层的制备工艺得到了不断的优化，研究人员通过采用不同的成膜基料、添加剂和分散剂等，成功地实现了不同类型自修复环氧防腐涂层的制备。

还研究了纳米颗粒、微米级颗粒等特殊功能填料在自修复环氧防腐涂层中的应用，进一步提高了涂层的性能。

自修复环氧防腐涂层的性能研究取得了显著成果，研究人员通过对不同种类的自修复环氧防腐涂层进行对比试验，发现其具有较高的抗划伤性、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，能够有效抵抗各种恶劣环境的侵蚀。

热障涂层的制备工艺及研究进展杨宏波;刘朝辉;丁逸栋;罗火东;余文威【摘要】The technologies for preparation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were reviewed,including plasma spraying (PS),electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD),flame spraying,electric arc spraying,laser induction hybrid rapid cladding,self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) and suspension plasma spraying (SPS).Their research progress were introduced from the aspect of ceramic top layer and metal bonding layer.The future research directions of new generation ultra-high temperature TBCs was forecasted.%综述了等离子喷涂(PS)、电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)、火焰喷涂、电弧喷涂、激光熔覆、自蔓延高温合成(SHS)、悬浮等离子喷涂(SPS)等制备热障涂层(TBCs)的工艺,介绍了陶瓷面层和金属黏结层这2个方面的研究进展.展望了新一代超高温热障涂层的研究方向.【期刊名称】《电镀与涂饰》【年(卷),期】2017(036)014【总页数】6页(P786-791)【关键词】热障涂层;陶瓷层;金属黏结层;制备;综述【作者】杨宏波;刘朝辉;丁逸栋;罗火东;余文威【作者单位】中国人民解放军后勤工程学院化学与材料工程系,重庆401311;中国人民解放军后勤工程学院化学与材料工程系,重庆401311;中国人民解放军后勤工程学院化学与材料工程系,重庆401311;73501部队,福建漳州 363400;73501部队,福建漳州 363400【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG174随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展和施工工艺不断改进，很多部件对材料的高温工作性能提出了更高的要求。

冷喷涂技术的研究现状及进展卜恒勇;卢晨【摘要】综述了冷喷涂技术的原理和特点,重点讨论了冷喷涂过程中粒子的临界速度和涂层质量的影响因素及涂层的沉积机制,并阐述了涂层的应用进展和发展趋势,指出合理地控制喷涂参数是获得性能优异涂层的重要条件,同时改进喷枪结构,制备功能涂层和复合涂层将是冷喷涂发展的主要方向.【期刊名称】《材料工程》【年(卷),期】2010(000)001【总页数】5页(P94-98)【关键词】冷喷涂;临界速度;沉积机制;复合涂层【作者】卜恒勇;卢晨【作者单位】上海交通大学,轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,上海,200240;上海交通大学,金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海,200240;上海交通大学,轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心,上海,200240;上海交通大学,金属基复合材料国家重点实验室,上海,200240【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG174Abstract:This paper summarized the processing principles and characteristics of the cold gas dynamic spray(cold spray)technology.It emphasized to discuss the coating deposition mechanism and theparameters which influenced the critical velocity of the particles and the coating quality.It is believed that using the proper parameters in the coating process is vital for getting high quality coating,improving the structure of the spray gun,fabricating functional and composite coatings are considered as the main directions of the cold spray in future.Key words:cold spray;critical velocity;deposition mechanism;composite coating20世纪80年代中期前苏联科学院西伯利亚分院理论与应用力学研究所的科学家在进行风洞实验时发现,当示踪原子的速度超过某一临界速度时,示踪原子对靶材表面的作用由冲蚀变为沉积,在此基础上提出了冷喷涂的概念[1,2]。

表面技术第52卷第11期金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展赵蒙，周晖*，贵宾华，汪科良（兰州空间技术物理研究所 真空技术与物理重点实验室，兰州 730000）摘要：首先对比了贵金属涂层、氮化物涂层、碳基涂层的性能优劣，重点阐述了碳基涂层改性技术的最新研究进展。

然后，以碳基涂层的设计及制备2个维度为研究切入点进行阐述。

在膜系设计方面，着重分析了膜系设计和元素掺杂对碳基涂层的性能影响；在制备方面，分析了偏压、沉积时间和气体流量等对碳基涂层的化学组分、微观结构的调控作用。

最后，总结了当前碳基涂层改性双极板存在的问题，主要为涂层运行寿命不足，无法达到服役标准；测试条件不统一，且模拟环境与电堆实际工况差距较大；涂层长时间服役后的失效机制不明确。

同时，对金属双极板改性碳基涂层的进一步发展方向做出了展望。

关键词：质子交换膜电池；双极板；碳基涂层；PVD；耐腐蚀性能；导电性能中图分类号：TG174 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)11-0182-18DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.11.014Research Progress of Surface Modified Carbon-basedCoatings for Metal Bipolar PlateZHAO Meng, ZHOU Hui*, GUI Bin-hua, WANG Ke-liang(Key Laboratory of Vacuum Technology and Physics, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, CAST, Lanzhou 730000, China)ABSTRACT: With the increasingly serious problems of energy and environmental pollution, the development of clean energy has become a hot issue. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell has become one of the most promising development directions in this field because of its zero emission, low operating temperature and high energy conversion efficiency. As the core component of proton exchange membrane fuel cell, bipolar plate accounts for 20% -30% of the total manufacturing cost. Its service performance and manufacturing cost have become the key factors restricting the development of fuel cell. The bipolar plate is ina high temperature and acidic corrosion environment for a long time, and has the functions of conductivity, thermal conductivity,distribution of reaction gas and drainage. Therefore, the bipolar plate requires good corrosion resistance, conductivity, hydrophobicity and durability. Although the metal bipolar plate has the advantages of easy processing and low production cost, it is difficult to avoid corrosion in an acidic environment, resulting in a decrease in fuel cell performance and service life.High-performance corrosion-resistant conductive coatings are deposited on the surface of metal bipolar plates with high machinability and low manufacturing cost by surface modification technology, which can significantly improve the service performance of metal bipolar plates. It has become one of the hotspots in the research field of fuel cell bipolar plates in recent years. On the basis of comparing the advantages and disadvantages of three typical metal bipolar plate modified coatings, such收稿日期：2022-10-19；修订日期：2023-02-20Received：2022-10-19；Revised：2023-02-20基金项目：甘肃省青年科技基金资助项目（22JR5RA786）Fund：Youth Science and Technology Fund of Gansu Province (22JR5RA786)引文格式：赵蒙, 周晖, 贵宾华, 等. 金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2023, 52(11): 182-199.ZHAO Meng, ZHOU Hui, GUI Bin-hua, et al. Research Progress of Surface Modified Carbon-based Coatings for Metal Bipolar Plate[J]. Surface Technology, 2023, 52(11): 182-199.*通信作者（Corresponding author）第52卷第11期赵蒙，等：金属双极板表面改性碳基涂层研究进展·183·as precious metal coating, nitride coating and carbon-based coating, the work points out the development bottleneck of high production cost of precious metal coating and insufficient durability and conductivity of nitride coating. Carbon-based coating was selected as the focus of this work, and the latest research progress of carbon-based coating modified metal bipolar plate material system was expounded. In this work, the key points in the design and preparation of carbon-based coatings were taken as the starting point. The effects of film design, element doping and key process parameters in the preparation technology of carbon-based coatings by PVD technology on the chemical composition, microstructure growth and macroscopic service performance of carbon-based coatings were analyzed, including the inhibition effect of multilayer structure on the growth of coated columnar crystals. The method of doping other elements was used to refine the grain, improve the adhesion between the coating and the substrate, and reduce the internal stress. The effect mechanism of element doping on the properties of carbon-based coatings was studied by theoretical calculation and experiment. The effect of important parameters such as bias voltage, deposition time and gas flow rate on the preparation of carbon-based coatings was investigated. The failure mechanisms of several carbon-based coatings were discussed. The key technical problems to be solved, such as the insufficient service life of most coatings, the inability to meet the service standard of 5 000 hours, the inconsistency of test conditions, and the large gap between the simulated environment and the actual working conditions of the stack, were summarized. At the same time, the further development direction of metal bipolar plate modified carbon-based coatings was also prospected.KEY WORDS: proton exchange membrane fuel cells; bipolar plates; carbon-based coating; PVD; corrosion resistance;conductivity能源是支撑人类社会运行与发展的基本要素，传统化石能源大规模利用产生的各类环境问题已受到全球关注。

第53卷第7期表面技术2024年4月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·31·MCrAlY涂层的研究进展门引妮，李进，卢金文，徐研，郭阳阳*（西安瑞鑫科金属材料有限责任公司，西安 710016）摘要：随着发动机的服役温度日益升高，工作环境日益恶劣，涡轮叶片极易在高温环境中氧化，大大降低了叶片的使用寿命。

如何在低成本下制备保护性能好的高温防护涂层，是当前国内外研究的重点。

MCrAlY 包覆涂层可分为NiCrAlY涂层、CoCrAlY涂层和NiCoCrAlY涂层，这3类涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能较好，又有很好的塑韧性和抗热疲劳性能，因此可作为涂层或热障涂层的黏结层材料。

综述了涂层中主要元素（Al、Cr、Co、Y）、掺杂合金元素（Ta、Re、Si、Pt）、涂层制备工艺和预处理工艺对MCrAlY涂层性能的研究进展。

结果表明，可以通过调节MCrAlY涂层的成分来实现涂层性能的调控。

向MCrAlY涂层中掺入Si、Ta和Re等活性元素，可显著提高涂层的抗高温氧化性能，以进一步提高发动机的工作效率和满足高温的工作环境需求。

总结了采用细化涂层晶粒、掺杂纳米颗粒和制备梯度复合涂层等方法来提高MCrAlY 涂层的抗氧化性能和抗腐蚀性能的研究现状，对MCrAlY涂层的发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词：MCrAlY涂层；活性元素；制备工艺；抗氧化性能；抗腐蚀性能中图分类号：TG174 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2024)07-0031-09DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2024.07.003Research Progress of MCrAlY CoatingsMEN Yinni, LI Jin, LU Jinwen, XU Yan, GUO Yangyang*(Xi'an Rarealloys Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710016, China)ABSTRACT: With the rapid development of aerospace industry, the service temperature of the engine rises gradually, and the working environment gets worse. Turbine blades are easily oxidized in high temperature environment, which greatly reduces the service life of the blades. How to prepare high temperature protective coating with good protective performance at low cost is the focus of research in China and abroad, which is of great strategic significance to national defense security and national economic development. The work aims to present a comprehensive overview of research progress on MCrAlY coatings, which are widely used to protect substrates against oxidation and corrosion in high temperature environment. MCrAlY coating is subdivided into NiCrAlY coating, CoCrAlY coating and NiCoCrAlY coating. These three kinds of coatings have good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance, as well as good plastic toughness and thermal fatigue resistance, so they can be used as bonding layer materials for coatings or thermal barrier coatings. The research progress on the properties of MCrAlY coating, such as the main elements (Al, Cr, Co, Y), the addition of alloy elements (Ta, Re, Si, Pt), the coating preparation process and the pretreatment process was reviewed. The results showed that different compositions and structures would affect the performance and application range of the coating. The control of coating properties could be realized by adjusting the composition of MCrAlY coating. The addition of alloy elements such as Si, Ta and Re into the MCrAlY coating could significantly improve the收稿日期：2023-04-16；修订日期：2023-09-07Received：2023-04-16；Revised：2023-09-07基金项目：陕西省2023年度秦创原引用高层次创新创业人才项目（QCYRCXM-2023-020）Fund：The 2023 Qin Chuangyuan Citation High-level Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Project of Shaanxi Province (QCYRCXM-2023-020)引文格式：门引妮, 李进, 卢金文, 等. MCrAlY涂层的研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2024, 53(7): 31-39.MEN Yinni, LI Jin, LU Jinwen, et al. Research Progress of MCrAlY Coatings[J]. Surface Technology, 2024, 53(7): 31-39.*通信作者（Corresponding author）·32·表面技术 2024年4月high temperature oxidation resistance of the coating, which was critical for improving the working efficiency of the engine and met the requirements of high temperature working environment. The preparation process and process parameters of the coating would affect its quality and stability. Moreover, various methods were summarized to improve the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of MCrAlY coatings, including refining the coating grain size, doping with nanoparticles and preparing gradient composite coatings. By optimizing the coating structure (coating thickness, grain size distribution, etc.), its oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance could be improved. The introduction of nanoparticles into the coating could improve its mechanical properties and spalling resistance. The development trend of MCrAlY coatings was prospected. In conclusion, MCrAlY coatings have exhibited excellent high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, making them suitable for harsh working environment. The properties of MCrAlY coatings can be controlled by adjusting their composition and utilizing advanced preparation and pretreatment processes. At present, due to the deterioration of the use environment, higher requirements are put forward for the use temperature of the coating, and the density and porosity of the coating need to be improved by one step. The future development direction of MCrAlY coating includes improving high temperature stability and mechanical properties, developing new coating materials, studying the preparation process and process parameters of coating, exploring its application in new fields, improving the precision control and consistency of coating, exploring the multifunctional application of coating, developing new coating preparation technology and promoting the digital design, prediction and simulation of coating. These directions will bring more opportunities and challenges to the application and development of MCrAlY coatings.KEY WORDS: MCrAlY coating; active element; preparation process; oxidation resistance; corrosion resistance发动机防护涂层到目前已经历了4个发展阶段：第一阶段为简单铝化物涂层；第二阶段为改性铝化物涂层；第三阶段为MCrAlY（M=Co、Ni或NiCo）包覆涂层；第四阶段为热障涂层（TBCs），如图1所示，底层为MCrAlY黏结层，表层为氧化钇、氧化镁或氧化钙稳定的氧化锆陶瓷涂层[1-2]。