(完整版)高中英语阅读理解中猜词题的解题技巧

阅读理解之猜词题（解析版）猜词悟义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。

它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。

同时，考生应掌握一些猜词技巧，通过定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义、构词、常识及上下文线索等确定词义。

一、思维导图二、方法点拨1. 设问方式•The underlined word “ … ” refers to/ (probably) means .•“…” as used in the pa ssage can best be defined as…•What do you think the expression “…” stands for?•What does the underlined word “…” refer to in the last paragraph?•Which of the following words can take the place of the word “ … ”?•The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by…•Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?•What does the author mean by “…” in paragraph 2?2. 七大技巧1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。

标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。

这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

例如：例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A．Complex.B．Advanced.C．Powerful. D．Modern.[分析]根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选C项powerful (强大的，有影响力的)。

高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。

英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。

所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。

如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。

高中英语阅读理解技巧点拨:猜测单词或短语的含义学生在阅读过程中，应具备根据上下文猜测词义的能力。

每年高考英语试题中，猜测单词或短语的含义也是常有的题型，因此大家在平时的阅读理解练习中应尽量积累一些猜词技巧。

常见的猜词技巧主要有两大类：语境法和构词法。

下面我们结合高考真题对这两种解题技巧具体说明。

1. 语境法语境法指通过上下文语境来猜测词义，这是比较常用且有效的猜词方法。

常用的语境法有：①通过定义、解释或同位关系猜测词义。

用于下定义或解释的单词或短语有or, mean, in other words, be defined as, be described as, be seen as, refer to, that is to say 等。

有些定义或解释是通过破折号、冒号、括号、同位语（从句）或定语（从句）来表示的。

例1：（2020年高考英语全国III卷B篇，保留原题号，下同）...Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2, 000 productions this year. ...26. What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.【分析】本文是新闻报道。

高考英语阅读理解五大方法巧解词义猜测题根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义是高考阅读理解题6大出题方向之一，也是考查考生英语语言能力和文化品格的一种重要方式。

词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。

除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了《考试大纲》词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。

近三年词义猜测题考查频次一览表2017年2016年2015年全国卷Ⅰ2（代词that；短语the watercatcher）1(单词courier)1（单词contributions）全国卷Ⅱ2（代词that；句子the tables areturned）2(单词downside;代词it)1（短语signed off）全国卷Ⅲ1（单词displaced）2（代词them；短语a pipe dream）/近几年高考词义猜测题在数量上保持稳定，每套试卷中直接考查词义猜测的试题不超过2道。

但试卷中阅读理解部分生词量略有扩大，试题难度稍有增加。

例如在2017年全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解中，有部分超纲单词（如unifying, emotion和insight)给出了汉语注释，另外一部分超纲词汇(如recontextualization)却没有附加注释。

这些单词既不在《考试大纲》规定的词汇表内，又未加注释，这就意味着考生不仅仅需要完成试题中直接的词义猜测题，还需要凭借自己的知识积累和学习能力猜测出未加注生词的词义，这样才能透彻地理解文章，完成阅读理解任务。

词义猜测题考查的范围主要在以下几个方面：生词、短语、熟词生义、句子和代词的指代。

常见的设问形式主要有以下几种：What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined phrase "..." in Paragraph...refer to?What does the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...mean?What does the author mean by "..." in Paragraph...?Which of the following can replace the underlined word "..." in Paragraph...?无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读中需要理解不认识的生词，我们都可以利用构词法、逻辑关系、语法关系、生活常识、文化背景和上下文语境等方法来猜出单词或短语的意思。

高中英语阅读理解之词义猜测题技巧词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。

同学们应加强训练通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及语境等确定词义的技能。

由于猜测词义题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等，因此联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。

命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，同学们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。

我们必须熟练掌握的猜测词义的方法有：（一）根据构词法判断词义三种构词法，即合成、转化、派生，是我们猜测词义需掌握的基本方法。

合成法：通过构成合成词的每个单词的含义猜测和领会其含义；转化法：通过一个词的本意猜测出它转化后的意思，常见的是名词和动词、形容词和动词以及形容词和名词之间的相互转化；派生法：由一个词根加前缀（p refix）或后缀（suffix）构成词的方法称为派生法。

一般来说，前缀改变词义，后缀改变词性。

所以掌握了一些基本的词汇和词缀，我们就可以猜测出很多词的意义。

（二）根据语境判断词义这是提高阅读速度和理解率必备的判断断词义的能力。

语境可能是一个句子、几个句子、甚至一个段落或通篇文章。

我们可分别将其称为小语境、中语境和大语境。

1.小语境(1)定义式常用的词有：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,be c alled,define,represent,refer to等。

例1：Mark Twain was not the author‘s real name;it w as a pseudonym.例2：Mechanized farming means the use of modern m achinery on farms.(2)例举式常用词有：for example,for instance,such as,like等。

例1：Newly-married young people often spend some o f their money on appliances,for instance,washing-machines,r efrigerators and televisions.例2：Doctors suggest that everyone should exercise ev ery day,especially those who do sedentary work，like readi ng,typing and sewing.(3)重述式常用词有：and,or,similarly,that is(to say),in other words, namely,say,i.e.等例1：Red had the longest wavelength;that is,the distan ce between each wave is longest in redlight than in any ot her color.例2：The football player was penalized for his rudene ss and the punishment was a good lesson for him.(4)同位语构成同位关系的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号和括号等。

现吨市安达阳光实验学校猜词技巧一．在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。

其实阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。

我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。

猜测词义时，可利用以下线索：二．根据各种已知信息推测下列划线单词的词义。

1. But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there isa dry period, or drought.2. Within days, food often spoils or become unsafe to eat.3. Today young couples who are just starting their households often spendlots of their money on appliances ,for instance ,washing machines , refrigerators and color TVs.4．Biggest power failure in the city’s history. All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted.5. He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.6. One night Mrs.Rochester succeeded in setting the house on fire. Mr.Rochester managed to lead the servants to safety and then went back into the burning mansion to rescue his wife.7. Jack is now a florist, who keeps a shop for selling flowers in our district.8. We can feel acceleration, an increase in speed.9. .She read my letter slowly +to the end and then tore it to shreds.10. Car rentals (出租) are becoming more and more popular as aninexpensive way of taking to the roads.11. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived inthe middle of her first class.1、同义词、近义词反义词1）Doctors believe that smoking is detrimental to people's health. Theyalso regard drinking as harmful.2）At the beginning they did not have enough capital to start a business,nor were they able to borrow the amount of money they needed from thebank.1)eg.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.2)Rather than liking the movie, as I expected them to, allmy friends abhorred it.3）If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write “no”2、义、解释或举例1）.He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study ofplants.2）. A birds sanctuary is a place where birds can breed and take refusefrom hunters.3）. Wrestling is the game which is played by two strong people ; one player tries to get the other down on the floor.3、因果关系--- since you are my superior（上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（卷）A．full of respect B．too confident and rudeC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet4、标点符号（冒号；破折号；括号）You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.A.dictionariesB. story-booksC. magazinesD. newspapers5、经验和常识In spite of the fact the fishermen were wearing sou’westers, the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.三．高考题1.When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package-blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.(NMET，卷)65.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”(in Para.3) means that the colours_______.A. attracted the customers stronglyB. had weak effects on the customersC. tricked the customers into shoppingD. caused the customers to lose interest２. Fermat]s Last Theorem(理). First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. (NMET2003,C篇,65)65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word“baffle”as it is used in the text?A. To encourage people to raise questions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit people’s imagination.3. A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can bea basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother oftwo, ages 4 and 18 months. (NMET2002,E篇,74)74.What does the under lined word ‘hassle’probably mean?A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests．4. In a recently published book, I came across some exercises with interesting names such as fishbone diagrams, lotus flowers, and clustering. As I used these exercises in my classes, I noticed that students were interested. They said more and wrote more. They enjoyed expressing their ideas and sharing them in groups. They were no longer passively waiting for the bell, but actively took part in the lesson.I find that creativity (创)can act as a way to increase participation and improve fluency (流利程度).68. The underlined words "waiting for the hell" in the first paragraph probably mean _________A. longing for a phone call B. hoping to have a bellC. expecting the end of the classD. wanting to speak in class5. Members of the working class have blue-collar jobs. They are construction workers, truckdrivers, mechanics, steel workers, electricians, and the like. What makes this class differ fromthe lower class is, first, longer periods of employment -- and therefore, more fixed incomes —and, second, employment in skilled or semiskilled (半熟练的 ) occupations, not unskilledones. Although unemployment hits all levels of the American economy, including those of skilled and semi-skilled workers, it is most common at the bottom of the class structure and increasingly less common at each level upward. They consider themselves to be respectable and hard working and they look down upon members of the "lower" class, whom they often consider to be lazy, dis-honest, and too ready to exploit public assistance. (06.)65. The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means .A. strike with a blowB. have bad effects onC. break uD. break6. When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area？I wanted to know. (06.)69. The underlined phrase "turn his back on" (paragraph 6) most probably means .A. leave forB. return toC. give upD. rely on答案有害的 adj. get worse a kind of raincoat 厌恶，憎恨不赞成；不同意D B C C B C。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

这种题常见的提问方式有：the underlined word “__”in the passage means __.what does “___”in the third paragraph stand for？the word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.the word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.the word/phrase “__” in line…， para …refers to__ which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”？what’s the meaning of “____” in line …， para …？the author uses the word “____” to indicate____？做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。

因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。

猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词；2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。

做“阅读理解”题的猜词技巧平时,同学们在做“阅读理解”题时,经常会遇到一些生词｡这时,许多同学会立即翻阅词典,查找生词的词义｡其实这种做法不但费时费力,而且会影响阅读速度,也不利于对文章的整体理解,何况在正式考试时也不准带词典｡事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子､甚至段落有着互相制约的关系｡因此,我们首先可以利用语境(各种已知信息)来推测､判断某些生词的词义;还可以利用构词法的知识､日常生活知识来猜测词义｡一､根据释义猜测词义在有些文章中,某些生词的词义往往会在下文中得到解释或说明｡这些解释有时以定义､定语从句､同位语的形式出现;有时用破折号､括号､冒号､引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来;有时还用that is, or, that is to say, in other words 等词语引出｡例如:1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由句意可知, anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”｡2. A bookmark is something put between the pages of a book to mark the place. 假定bookmark是生词,根据下文所提供的解释,可猜出它的词义是“书签”｡3. He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants. 根据定语从句中的“which concerns the study of plants”, 我们可以知道botany应该是“植物学”之意｡4. The new edifice, a twenty-four-storey building, was completed last month. 其中edifice可能是生词,但它的同位语a twenty-four-storey building 告诉我们, edifice的词义是“建筑物”｡5. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根据同位语我们很容易猜出生词capacitance的词义是“电容量”｡6. The doctor was on the night-shift——from midnight to 8 o'clock. 句中night-shift的意思可以从破折号后面的内容猜出,它的词义应该是“夜班”｡7. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. 这里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的内容猜测出来,意为“脊椎动物”｡二､通过下文所举的例子猜测词义在有些文章中,下文所举的例子也可以给读者提供猜测上文生词词义的重要线索｡例如:Generally, we like to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Reader's Digest, etc. 根据句子后面所给出的例子,我们可以推断出periodical 的意思是“期刊”｡三､根据词语之间的对等关系猜测词义The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. 这个句子中的and连接created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness两个并列成分｡ Created与encouraged相对应,而lassitude与laziness 相对应,由此我们可以猜测出lassitude大概是“困乏”､“无力”､“无精打采”等意思｡四､根据对比､转折关系猜测词义If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 此句前后对比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,由此我们可以推断出dissent与agree的意思相反,意为“不同意”､“不赞成”｡又如:Mr Green always is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. 我们可以根据表示转折关系的but 后面的内容“he was late”知道, punctual的意思与其相反,那么punctual就是“守时的”､“准时的”的意思｡因此,同学们在阅读时,要注意常见的表示转折意义的词语,如but, however, though, otherwise, neverthess, on the other hand等｡五､根据因果关系猜测词义Mary didn't notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. 主句的意思是“当我走进教室的时候,玛丽没有注意到我”｡据此,我们可以推断从句中的engross可能是“使全神贯注”､“吸引”的意思｡又如:There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句中that引导的是结果状语从句,根据主句的描述“许多示威者”,我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤”､“挤过”｡其它常见的表示因果关系的词有because, since, as, so, so ... That ..., such ... That ... 等｡六､根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中,我们可以利用已知的词语,推断出生词的词义｡例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to be detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词,但由harmful我们不难推断出其词义为“使危险的”､“有害的”｡七､根据词缀猜测词义As you are receiving my note by E-mail, it's wise to remember how easily this wonderful technology can be misused, sometimes unintentionally, with serious consequences. 此句中, misuse是在词根use前面加上前缀mis-而构成的, mis-表示“误”､“错”的意思,从而可以判断misuse意为“错用”､“误用”; unintentionally是由intention→intentional→intentionally→unintionally逐步派生而成的,从而不难推测出它的意思为“不是有意地”｡根据词缀猜测词义又可以分为以下两种情况:1. 根据前缀猜测词义以unforeseeable一词为例,其中的词根为see, 前缀fore-的含义是“早先”､“预先”的意思,前缀un-是“不”的意思,由此可以猜知,该词的词义为“未能预见的”｡2. 根据后缀猜测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed. 后缀-cide表示“杀……者”､“杀灭剂”的意思,结合大家所熟悉的词根insect(昆虫),不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”｡又如:Then the vapor may change into droplets. 后缀-let表示“小的”意思,词根drop指“滴”､“滴状物”｡在词根drop后面加上后缀-let之后, droplet意为“小滴”､“微滴”｡八､根据复合词的各个组成部分的意思猜测词义有一部分复合词的词义可以通过它们的构成成分的意思来猜测出该复合词的意思｡例如:Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. 该句中的hightlight可能是一个生词,但是分析该词的构成成分后,就能推测出其含义｡它是由表示“高的”､“强的”high和“光线”light两部分组成的,复合词hightlight表示“以强光照射”､“使突出”的意思｡ Bullfight is very popular in Spain. Bull意为“公牛”, fight意为“打”､“搏斗”,两者结合在一起,指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动——斗牛｡九､根据日常常识来猜测词义People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 受到惩罚的常常是不遵守法律的人｡由此,我们可以推断出comply的意思是“遵从”､“服从”｡。

英语高考猜词策略猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用，以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用，才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。

一.定义法1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示二.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工三.根据同义词，反义词关系1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．小结:and ,or ,such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组。