大学英语四试题
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大学英语四试题Online HomeWork_U1B4I. Reading Comprehension Section One: Fast Reading1. One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull. At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town on the old mill road. This trip was different, th ough. My father had told me I’d have to ask for creditat the store.2. It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life.I’d seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they wer e “good for it”. Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they were thieves every timethey even went into a grocery.3. My family was honest. We paid our debts. But just before harvest, allthe money flowed out. There were no new deposits at the bank. Cash was short.At Davis Brothers’ General Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register,talking to a middle-aged farmer. Buck was a tall, weathered man in a redhunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware sectionto get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing. I pulled my purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, “I need to put this on credit.” My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with the back of my arm.4. The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck’s face didn’t change. “Sure,” he said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit. I gave a sigh of relief. “Your daddy is always good fori t.” He turned to the farmer. “This here is one of James Williams’ sons. They broke the mold when they made that man.”5. The farmer nodded in a neighborly way. I was filled with pride. “James Williams’ son.” Those three words had opened a door to an adult’s respect and trust.6. As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning.I had discovered that a good name could furnish a capital of good will ofgreat value. Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong. My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to do wrong to others. Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard work and respect for all men.7. We children―eight brothers and two sisters―could enjoy our good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it. We had an interest in how one another behaved and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created. Our good name was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.8. The desire to honor my father’s good name spurred me to become thefirst in our family to go to university. I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel. Eventually, that good name provided theinitiative to start my own successful public relations firm in Washington, D.C.9. The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as ever. Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis’ shop or my hometown barbershop for a haircut, I amstill greeted as James Williams’ son. My family’s good name did pav e the way for me. Statements based on the passage:《大学英语(三)》B卷・第1页・共7页1. The writer tried to get the things he needed for free from the storeowner.2. In 1976 racial discrimination still existed in the country.3. At that time, black youths were taken as thieves instead of customers in grocery stores.4. When the writer said to Buck he needed to put his purchases on credit, he was quitecertain that he would be permitted to do so.5. The farmer thought that the writer would not be able to get credit.6. The good name of the writer’s family helped him win the respect and trust of otherpeople.7. Everyone knew how a member of the Williams would behave and what a Williamswould do: A Williams is a respectable person who always does what he says, therefore is trustworthy.8. The writer believes the children might lose the family’s good name if they ever didsomething unworthy.9. The writer studied hard, motivated by the desire to free his familyfrom poverty.10. The writer’s family’s good name indeed made it possible for him to succeed in hisbusiness and in life as well. Section Two: Passage Reading Passage 1As people generally use the word “honor” they do not do so in thecontext of thinking about moral virtue. As a result they often confuse honor with fame.A virtuous person is an honorable person, a person who ought to be honored by the community in which he or she lives. But the virtuous person does notseek honor, being secure in his or her own self-respect. Lack of honor doesnot detract (减损) from the efficacy (功效) of moral virtue as an operative factor in the pursuit of happiness―as a means to le ading a good human life.Virtuous persons may be considered fortunate if their virtue is recognized and publicly applauded.Persons lacking moral virtue can achieve fame as readily as, or perhaps more easily than, those who have a high degree of moral virtue. Fame belongsto the great, the outstanding, and the exceptional, without regard to their virtue or lack of it.Infamy (声名狼藉) is fame, no less than popularity. The great scoundrel(恶棍) can be as famous as the great hero. There can be famous villains (坏人) as well as famous saints. Existing in the reputation a person has, regardlessof his or her accomplishments, fame does not tarnish (失去光泽) as honor does when it is unmerited (不配的).We normally desire the esteem of our fellow human beings, but is not thiswish for the esteem of others a desire for fame rather than for honor? Avirtuous person will not seek fame or be unhappy for lack of it. For fame canbe enjoyed by bad men and women, as well as good. When it is enjoyed byvirtuous persons without being sought by them, it is not distinguishable from honor, for then it is deserved.11. A virtuous person ______.A. deserves honorB. achieves both honor and fameC. will seek fameD. is publicly identified12. A virtuous person leads a good human life by means of ______.《大学英语(三)》B卷・第2页・共7页A. achieving moral virtue C. seeking fameB. pursuing happiness D. seeking honor13. All of the following people have fame EXCEPT ______.A. a famous actressB. a well-known political leaderC. a NobelPrize winner D. an unknown writer14. What tends to tarnish with time? A. A person’s accomplishments.B. Honor that is undeserved.C. The reputation a person has.D. Ahigh degree of moral virtue.15. Which of the following statements is true?A. Honor and fame are different concepts.B. Honor and fame are not distinguishable.C. Honor and fame are inseparable.D. Fame is moreimportant than honor.Passage 2Early national concepts of fame differ greatly from their late-twentiethand early-twenty-first-century equivalents. While today fame suggests littlemore than notoriety (坏名声), in the early national period it encompassed (包含) an entire ethic (道德规范).The concept of fame had particular power among the early nationalpolitical elite (杰出人物), though its roots reached back to the beginnings of Western civilization; Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans, by Plutarch, was a literal guide to gathering fame, describing and ranking a series of heroes who had achieved immortal (不朽的) fame―the highest of goals. In the early American Republic, young gentlemen schooled to find models of personalbehavior in Plutarch and other classical texts received this idea from a young age. As Alexander Hamilton put it in The Federalist, “the love of fame” wasthe “ruling passion of the noblest minds”.As suggested by Plutarch’s image of great men, a man earned fame by doing great deeds for the state. Francis Bacon mapped out a hierarchy (等级) of such acts in his widely read Essayes, assigning fame to “fathers of their country” who reigned (统治) justly; “champions of the empire” who defended orexpanded territories; “saviors of empire” who coped with national crises; lawgivers wh o governed descendants through their laws; and―highest ofall―“founders of states and commonwealths (共和国)”. For early national leaders engaged in the creation of a new nation, this sensibility infused (注入) their political efforts with a sense of lofty purpose as well as deep personal meaning. Seekers of fame wanted to make history and leave their markon the world. America’s founding generation assumed that they were doing just that. “We live in an important era and in a new-country,” Benjamin Rush observed in 1788. “Much good may be done by individuals and that too in ashort time.”Fame was considered a noble passion because it transformed ambition andself-interest into a desire to achieve great goals that served the public good. Even as fame fueled a nd inspired a man’s ambitions, it reined (控制) them in; one could only achieve everlasting (永恒的) fame through public service. In essence, fame was a selfish virtue, enabling leaders to《大学英语(三)》B卷・第3页・共7页be simultaneously (同时) self-serving and public-minded; in a sense, it humanized the seemingly lofty and unreachable ideal of community-minded republican virtue.16. From the early national period to today, the idea of fame has changed ______. A. from “being ambitious” to “being selfish” B.from “being famous” to “being ethical” C. from “great power” to “noble passion” D. from “good name” to “being well-known”17. From Paragraph 2 we learn that ______.A. the early national political elite looked down upon those who sought fame and fortuneB. Alexander Hamilton was eager to become a member of the upper classC. Lives of the Noble Greeks and Romans was about how Greek and Roman heroes gathered fameD. In the early American Republic, young gentlemen considered Plutarch’s essays a guide to writing18. From Paragraph 3, we know that early national leaders _______. A. coped with many national crisesB. wanted to create a new nation as well as gather personal fameC. made history without leaving any mark on the worldD. became selfish because of seeking fame19. According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A. There is no everlasting fame.B. Fame may fuel and inspire a man’s ambitions.C. Fame may enable leaders to realize their ambitions through public service.D. Fame may transform self-interest and ambition into a desire to achieve great goals.20. What does this passage mainly talk about?A. Concepts of fame in the early national period.B. Two different concepts of fame.C. Concepts of fame and ambition.D. Noble passion of early national leaders.Section Three: Reading in DepthHave you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are 21 similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them 22 to people saying there is anything different about them. “ I’m really just a normal guy,” 23 an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotligh t. There is,of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they areas great as their 24 fans suggest. They start to wear fancy clothes andtalk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, 25 ,does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they hadoriginally risen above it all. What will it feel like to 26 to suchaltitude and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And whatwill it feel like to have flown so high only to 27《大学英语(三)》B卷・第4页・共7页from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the crueltyin losing something they had 28 . They often make 29 attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become30 financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who arehappy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.Word Bank A. bankrupt B. depressed C. desperate D. disappointing E. gained F. hardly G. however H. moreover I. object J. protects K. protests L. remarkably M. soar N. wake O. worshippingII. Vocabulary and Structure Section One: Word Building31. The ____________ was committed while we were away for the weekend. (rob)32. My brother is full of good ____________, but he never does anythingabout them! (intent)33. The lack of jobs in this area means that the workforce is easily____________. (exploit)34. ___________ into the matter is pointless―no one will tell youanything. (enquire)35. A large international meeting was held with the aim of promoting____________ development in all countries. (sustain)36. Make sure that all equipment is clean and free of ____________. (contaminate)37. You have a legal ____________ to ensure your child receives a proper education. (oblige)38. When she began the job she showed ___________ and was promoted to manager after a year. (initiate)39. He glared at me with an air of ___________, as if I had done something wrong. (accuse)40. Tom tried to ____________ his absence from the meeting by claimingthat he had been ill that day. (justification)Section Two: Replacement41. In our university, students are also encouraged to make use of the Arts Center and toparticipate in music and drama.《大学英语(三)》B卷・第5页・共7页感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
